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Modern Psychopharmacology: Placebo Double Blind

Modern psychopharmacology began with the use of psychiatric drugs like opiates and barbiturates to treat acute behavioral issues. Initially, psychopharmacology was used primarily for sedation. In the 1950s, drugs like chlorpromazine, lithium carbonate, and tricyclic antidepressants were established for treating psychoses, mania, and depression. This era saw the development of placebo-controlled, double blind studies and analysis of blood drug levels in relation to clinical outcomes. The 1960s brought a model of nerve signals and synaptic transmission, followed by increased brain research on psychotropic drug effects. After the 1960s, psychiatry incorporated pharmacological treatments and their efficacy and toxicities.

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23 views1 page

Modern Psychopharmacology: Placebo Double Blind

Modern psychopharmacology began with the use of psychiatric drugs like opiates and barbiturates to treat acute behavioral issues. Initially, psychopharmacology was used primarily for sedation. In the 1950s, drugs like chlorpromazine, lithium carbonate, and tricyclic antidepressants were established for treating psychoses, mania, and depression. This era saw the development of placebo-controlled, double blind studies and analysis of blood drug levels in relation to clinical outcomes. The 1960s brought a model of nerve signals and synaptic transmission, followed by increased brain research on psychotropic drug effects. After the 1960s, psychiatry incorporated pharmacological treatments and their efficacy and toxicities.

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aditya singh
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Modern psychopharmacology[edit]

The dawn of contemporary psychopharmacology marked the beginning of the use of psychiatric
drugs to treat psychological illnesses. It brought with it the use of opiates and barbiturates for the
management of acute behavioral issues in patients. In the early stages, psychopharmacology was
primarily used for sedation. Then with the 1950s came the establishment of chlorpromazine for
psychoses, lithium carbonate for mania, and then in rapid succession, the development of tricyclic
antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, benzodiazepines, among other antipsychotics and
antidepressants. A defining feature of this era includes an evolution of research methods, with the
establishment ofplacebo-controlled, double blind studies, and the development of methods for
analyzing blood levels with respect to clinical outcome and increased sophistication in clinical trials.
The early 1960s revealed a revolutionary model by Julius Axelrod describing nerve signals
and synaptic transmission, which was followed by a drastic increase of biochemical brain research
into the effects of psychotropic agents on brain chemistry.[3] After the 1960s, the field of psychiatry
shifted to incorporate the indications for and efficacy of pharmacological treatments, and began to
focus on the use and toxicities of these medications.[4][5] The 1970s and 1980s were further marked
by a better understanding of the synaptic aspects of the action mechanisms of drugs. However, the
model has its critics, too notably Joanna Moncrieff and the Critical Psychiatry Network.

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