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MM 209 Assignment 2 2016

1. This document contains 13 thermodynamics problems related to topics like work, heat, internal energy, enthalpy, adiabatic processes, heat capacities, phase changes, and combustion reactions. It provides data needed to solve the problems, such as heat of formation values, heat capacities, densities, and molecular weights. Citation of data sources is required. The problems involve calculating properties of gases and liquids undergoing various thermodynamic processes, determining heat and work values, and performing material and energy balances.

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273 views

MM 209 Assignment 2 2016

1. This document contains 13 thermodynamics problems related to topics like work, heat, internal energy, enthalpy, adiabatic processes, heat capacities, phase changes, and combustion reactions. It provides data needed to solve the problems, such as heat of formation values, heat capacities, densities, and molecular weights. Citation of data sources is required. The problems involve calculating properties of gases and liquids undergoing various thermodynamic processes, determining heat and work values, and performing material and energy balances.

Uploaded by

SiddharthaShering
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BOMBAY

Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science


MM 209: THERMODYNAMICS of MATERIALS: 2015-16: FALL
Assignment No. 2
Submission Date: 10 Aug 2016; 0830h
One should rid of the prejudice that an arithmetical mistake or a mistake in unit conversion is less
serious than a mistake in analysis. In engineering practice, a numerical mistake leads to consequences,
which may be as serious as those of a mistake in analysis. Furthermore, an engineer should cultivate a
critical feel for orders of magnitude. (Adapted from Kestin).
Where data is not given, use data from : Kubaschewskii: Materials Thermochemistry, (Pergamon Press). Cite
the edition of the book and page numbers correctly.
__________________________________________________________________________________
1. With numerical examples show that in a gravitational field, only the potential energy difference
between two states of the same body is meaningful; the absolute values and the ratios of energies are
not. Can kinetic energies defined in two separate inertial frames (with a constant relative velocity
between them) be compared ?
2. (a) Derive an expression similar to the statement dE= q -P.dV for the application of a
unidimensional elastic stress to a metal bar of length l. How do the signs account for the
two cases of extension and compression?
(b) Evaluate the work done in the equation derived in (a) for the process in which the stress on a
wire of cross-section A is increased from 1 to 2 at constant temperature.
Youngs Modulus:

l df
A dl

. Neglect changes in Y,

and A.

3. An imperfect gas obeys the equation:

( p+ a/V 2m ) ( V m b ) =RT
Where a = 8x10 -3 N.m 6 .mol -2 and b = 3x10 -5 m 3 .mol -1 . Calculate the work required to compress 0.3
moles of this gas isothermally from a volume of 5x10 -3 m 3 to 2x10 -3 m 3 at 300K.
4. 10 liters of a monatomic ideal gas at 25 o C and 10 atm. are expanded to a final pressure of 1
atm.

3
C v= R
2

and

5
Cp= R
2

and are independent of pressure and temperature.

Calculate final states, the work done, the heat absorbed and the change in E and H if the
processes are carried out either:
(a)reversibly and isothermally, or
(b) adiabatically and reversibly
Having determined the final state of the gas after the reversible adiabatic expansion, verify
that the change in E for the process is independent of the path taken between the initial and final
states by considering the process to be carried out by any of the following combination of
processes:
(i)
(ii)

isothermal process and a constant volume process


constant vol. process and an isothermal process

5. A quantity of heat Q = 57.3 kJ is transferred to a volume V = 0.04 m 3 of helium at 13.5 bar initially.
Consider two processes : (a) V = constant and (b) P = constant. Calculate P 2, T2 for (a) and V2, T2 for
(b) Which energy E2 or E2 is larger and why ?

6. 1 kmol of CO (assume ideal, C P = 29.3 J/ mol K) at 2.758 MPa and 700K (state 1) is
subjected to the following process:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

Expand isothermally to 0.552 MPa (state 2)


Cool at constant volume to 437.5K (state 3)
Cool at constant pressure to 350K (state 4)
Compress adiabatically to 2.758 MPa (state 5)
Heated at constant pressure to 700K (state 1)

Compute Q, W, H, E for the system for each step if all the processes are conducted reversibly. Present
your result in the form of table. State also which of the values will change if reversibility is not ensured.

7. Derive from the first law of thermodynamics the equation:

8. Show from the first law that :

9.

A cylinder contains 0.1 kg of water at 15C. A piston increases the pressure on the
water isothermally and reversibly from 1 atm to 100 atm. Find the work done on the
water by the piston,

For water at 15C, the coefficient of thermal volume expansion =1.5 * 10 -4 /K and the
isothermal compressibility = (1/V)(V/P) T = 4.9 * 10 -12 /Pa. Take density of water at 1
atm and 15C to be ~1000 kg/m 3 , and C P = ~4.18 kJ/ kg/K.
10. A mixture of steam and oxygen at 1000K and 1 atm. reacts with a column of
graphite at 1000K to yield a mixture of H 2 and CO at the same temperature and
pressure. Calculate the composition of the CO/H 2 mixture, if the above isothermal
process is also adiabatic (i.e. no heat effect).
Data: Enthalpy of formation at 1000K: H 2 O: -247,857 J/mol.; CO: -111,983 J/mol.
11. 1 mole of a super-cooled material is adiabatically contained at 400 K at constant
pressure. If it spontaneously freezes, what is the final temperature? What fraction
of the material freezes?
H om =2000
3

J
. at T m=600 K
mol

T, J/mol.K

C p :liq :34.79.2 x 10 T , J/mol.K;

C p : Sol:18.5+2.6 x 10 -

12. Zinc is produced by the reduction of ZnO with carbon, the product Zn being
distilled out in vapour form. (You may be surprised to know that one can find
thousands of retorts which were used more than two thousand years ago in a place
called Zaver in Rajasthan). If the temperature of the reactants is 298K and the
final products, Zn vapour and CO, should be at 1273K, what is the minimum heat
to be supplied to the retort? Take data from standard references, and give proper
citation.
13. A coal burning burner is fed with powdered coal (assume pure carbon) preheated to
1800K and dry air (N2:O2=79:21, by volume) preheated to 1200K. The coal to air
ratio is such that the product is only a gas containing CO and N2. Perform a
material balance and a heat balance and calculate the adiabatic flame temperature
(of the product gas) .
Take only 1 mol (12g) carbon as the mass basis. You need to present data as mass and
heat balance tables.

input

Mass balance : Basis 1 kilo-mole of fuel gas


kg
Output

Total

Total

Heat Balance : Basis : all materials at 298 K have zero enthalpy


Input
kJ
Output
Sensible heats

Sensible heats

Reaction heat (-H)


Total
Sensible heats are enthalpy above 298K :( HT-H298)

kg

Losses
Total

kJ

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