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Computer Graphics Ii: Opengl Introduction

This document provides an introduction to OpenGL and discusses different ways of rendering 3D graphics, including pre-rendering techniques like ray tracing that are precise but slow, and real-time rendering techniques like OpenGL that are fast using hardware acceleration. It describes OpenGL as a graphics library that uses a set of commands to specify drawing actions and effects. The document outlines the evolution of OpenGL from fixed-function to programmable shader capabilities and discusses using OpenGL in C# with OpenTK, which provides the same functions and principles as OpenGL in other languages. It provides an overview of the graphics pipeline from vertices through shaders to pixels and recommends resources for learning more about OpenGL.

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Georgescu Gabriel
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174 views

Computer Graphics Ii: Opengl Introduction

This document provides an introduction to OpenGL and discusses different ways of rendering 3D graphics, including pre-rendering techniques like ray tracing that are precise but slow, and real-time rendering techniques like OpenGL that are fast using hardware acceleration. It describes OpenGL as a graphics library that uses a set of commands to specify drawing actions and effects. The document outlines the evolution of OpenGL from fixed-function to programmable shader capabilities and discusses using OpenGL in C# with OpenTK, which provides the same functions and principles as OpenGL in other languages. It provides an overview of the graphics pipeline from vertices through shaders to pixels and recommends resources for learning more about OpenGL.

Uploaded by

Georgescu Gabriel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Graphics II

OpenGL Introduction
1

Two ways of 3D computer graphics


1. Pre-rendering
Ray tracing, ray casting, radiosity
Precise, even physically correct
Slow
2. Real-time rendering
DirectX, OpenGL
To fake or not to fake
Hardware accelerated
Fast

http://www.anthonyhays.com/glass/

Yet another way to render 3D content


We can create graphics and special effects that will
appear nearly identical on any operating system and
any hardware that supports OpenGL.
Graphics library
Specify a set of commands
Each command executes a drawing action or creates a
special effect
Texture mapping, transparency, antialiasing, fog, and
lighting effects
Infinite amount of possibilities

Long way 20 years

OpenGL 1.X Fixed Function


OpenGL 2.X Vertex and Fragment Shaders
OpenGL 3.X Geometry Shaders
OpenGL 4.X Tessellation and Compute

Your version?
http://www.realtech-vr.com/glview/download.html\

OpenGL support in C#
http://www.opentk.com/

Support not a new library!


Same functions
Same principles
Under development

Advanced projects? ship to C++ if necessary

Console
Game.cs
Faster but without GUI
WinForms
GUI
Slower, but fast enough for simple applications
More?
OpenTK documentation

Same parameters
Proof
OpenGL
glLoadIdentity
glMatrixMode
glClear
glViewport
gluLookAt
gluPerspective
etc.

OpenTK
GL.LoadIdentity
GL.MatrixMode
GL.Clear
GL.Viewport
Matrix4.LookAt
Matrix4.
CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView
etc.

Not strict
Basic OpenGL
Console vs. WinForms
Where, what and when
Working environment
Viewports, perspective and orthogonal projection
Text rendering
Camera
Rendering content
Shaders

Based on architecture of graphics cards


Input = geometry and its properties
Output = pixels
Pipeline constantly evolves
Simple case

Application

Geometry

Rasterizer

OpenGL 4.X

Simple programs which provide a programmable


alternative in graphics pipeline
Replace a section of video hardware typically called the
Fixed Function Pipeline (FFP

Transform each vertex's 3D position in virtual space to


the 2D coordinate
Properties such as position, color, and texture
coordinate
Input
Data(Fields of vectors etc.)
Output
To geometry shader if present
Otherwise to rasterizer

Generate new graphics primitives, such as points, lines,


and triangles
Geometry tessellation, shadow volume extrusion
Input
Whole primitives(triangle etc.)
Output
For each triangle emit zero or more primitives

Compute color and other attributes of each pixel


Bump mapping, shadows, specular highlights,
translucency
Input
Pixels after rasterization
Output
Pixels

We could divide OpenGL program


Basic structure
Init, Reshap, On render frame, On update frame
Environment
Projection, Camera, Viewports
Rendering
Phong shader, etc.

Now you know how 3D graphics program works


Blender, 3Ds Max, Maya, Zbrush
Blender
Modeling environment and game engine in realtime graphics
But if you hit the render button
Pre-render
Compute geometry and start ray tracing

Do not try to remember each GL function


Remember its purpose instead
Do not try to remember each setup of OpenGL
OpenGL in C#, console, WinForms, C++
for any of these, the setup is kind of different and
kind of same so dont worry, if you can learn one
use of OpenGL, any other use of OpenGL you can
learn very, very quickly

Base
http://www.opengl.org/
2.X reference http://www.opengl.org/sdk/docs/man/
Books older editions
http://www.starstonesoftware.com/OpenGL/
Tutorials
http://www.arcsynthesis.org/gltut/
Google, GLSL, Shading, Shaders ...

http://www.opentk.com/doc
must read ~120 pages
From your first triangle to shaders in C#
Documentation in your installed OpenTK
Examples
OpenTK projects
http://www.opentk.com/project/all

http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~gfx/Courses/2004/RealTi
me/
http://www.cg.tuwien.ac.at/courses/Realtime/slides.h
tml

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