Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
G.R. No. L-19891

July 31, 1964

J.R.S. BUSINESS CORPORATION, J.R. DA SILVA and A.J. BELTRAN, petitioners,

vs.
IMPERIAL INSURANCE, INC., MACARIO M. OFILADA, Sheriff of Manila and
HON. AGUSTIN MONTESA, Judge of the Court of First Instance of Manila, respondents.
Felipe N. Aurea for petitioners.
Taada, Teehankee and Carreon for respondent Imperial Insurance, Inc.
PAREDES, J.:
Petitioner J. R. Da Silva, is the President of the J.R.S. Business Corporation, an establishment duly
franchised by the Congress of the Philippines, to conduct a messenger and delivery express service.
On July 12, 1961, the respondent Imperial Insurance, Inc., presented with the CFI of Manila a
complaint (Civ. Case No. 47520), for sum of money against the petitioner corporation. After the
defendants therein have submitted their Answer, the parties entered into a Compromise Agreement,
assisted by their respective counsels, the pertinent portions of which recite:
1) WHEREAS, the DEFENDANTS admit and confess their joint and solidary indebtedness to
the PLAINTIFF in the full sum of PESOS SIXTY ONE THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED
SEVENTY-TWO & 32/100 (P61,172.32), Philippine Currency, itemized as follows:
a) Principal

P50,000.00

b) Interest at 12% per annum

5,706.14

c) Liquidated damages at 7% per annum

3,330.58

d) Costs of suit
e) Attorney's fees
2) WHEREAS, the DEFENDANTS bind themselves, jointly and severally, and hereby
promise to pay their aforementioned obligation to the PLAINTIFF at its business address at
301-305 Banquero St., (Ground Floor), Regina Building, Escolta, Manila, within sixty (60)
days from March 16, 1962 or on or before May 14, 1962;
3) WHEREAS, in the event the DEFENDANTS FAIL to pay in full the total amount of PESOS
SIXTY ONE THOUSAND ONE HUNDRED SEVENTY TWO & 32/100 (P61,172.32),
Philippine Currency, for any reason whatsoever, on May 14, 1962, the PLAINTIFF shall be
entitled, as a matter of right, to move for the execution of the decision to be rendered in the
above-entitled case by this Honorable Court based on this COMPROMISE AGREEMENT.

135.60
2,000.00

On March 17, 1962, the lower court rendered judgment embodying the contents of the said
compromise agreement, the dispositive portion of which reads
WHEREFORE, the Court hereby approves the above-quoted compromise agreement and
renders judgment in accordance therewith, enjoining the parties to comply faithfully and
strictly with the terms and conditions thereof, without special pronouncement as to costs.
Wherefore, the parties respectfully pray that the foregoing stipulation of facts be admitted
and approved by this Honorable Court, without prejudice to the parties adducing other
evidence to prove their case not covered by this stipulation of facts.
1wph1.t

On May 15, 1962, one day after the date fixed in the compromise agreement, within which the
judgment debt would be paid, but was not, respondent Imperial Insurance Inc., filed a "Motion for the
Insurance of a Writ of Execution". On May 23, 1962, a Writ of Execution was issued by respondent
Sheriff of Manila and on May 26, 1962, Notices of Sale were sent out for the auction of the personal
properties of the petitioner J.R.S. Business Corporation. On June 2, 1962, a Notice of Sale of the
"whole capital stocks of the defendants JRS Business Corporation, the business name, right of
operation, the whole assets, furnitures and equipments, the total liabilities, and Net Worth, books of
accounts, etc., etc." of the petitioner corporation was, handed down. On June 9, the petitioner, thru
counsel, presented an "Urgent Petition for Postponement of Auction Sale and for Release of Levy on
the Business Name and Right to Operate of Defendant JRS Business Corporation", stating that
petitioners were busy negotiating for a loan with which to pay the judgment debt; that the judgment
was for money only and, therefore, plaintiff (respondent Insurance Company) was not authorized to
take over and appropriate for its own use, the business name of the defendants; that the right to
operate under the franchise, was not transferable and could not be considered a personal or
immovable, property, subject to levy and sale. On June 10, 1962, a Supplemental Motion for
Release of Execution, was filed by counsel of petitioner JRS Business Corporation, claiming that the
capital stocks thereof, could not be levied upon and sold under execution. Under date of June 20,
1962, petitioner's counsel presented a pleading captioned "Very Urgent Motion for Postponement of
Public Auction Sale and for Ruling on Motion for Release of Levy on the Business Name, Right to
Operate and Capital Stocks of JRS Business Corporation". The auction sale was set for June 21,
1962. In said motion, petitioners alleged that the loan they had applied for, was to be secured within
the next ten (10) days, and they would be able to discharge the judgment debt. Respondents
opposed the said motion and on June 21, 1962, the lower court denied the motion for postponement
of the auction sale.
In the sale which was conducted in the premises of the JRS Business Corporation at 1341 Perez St.,
Paco, Manila, all the properties of said corporation contained in the Notices of Sale dated May 26,
1962, and June 2, 1962 (the latter notice being for the whole capital stocks of the defendant, JRS
Business Corporation, the business name, right of operation, the whole assets, furnitures and
equipments, the total liabilities and Net Worth, books of accounts, etc., etc.), were bought by
respondent Imperial Insurance, Inc., for P10,000.00, which was the highest bid offered. Immediately
after the sale, respondent Insurance Company took possession of the proper ties and started
running the affairs and operating the business of the JRS Business Corporation. Hence, the present
appeal.
It would seem that the matters which need determination are (1) whether the respondent Judge
acted without or in excess of his jurisdiction or with grave abuse of discretion in promulgating the
Order of June 21, 1962, denying the motion for postponement of the scheduled sale at public
auction, of the properties of petitioner; and (2) whether the business name or trade name, franchise
(right to operate) and capital stocks of the petitioner are properties or property rights which could be
the subject of levy, execution and sale.

The respondent Court's act of postponing the scheduled sale was within the discretion of respondent
Judge, the exercise of which, one way or the other, did not constitute grave abuse of discretion
and/or excess of jurisdiction. There was a decision rendered and the corresponding writ of execution
was issued. Respondent Judge had jurisdiction over the matter and erroneous conclusions of law or
fact, if any, committed in the exercise of such jurisdiction are merely errors of judgment, not
correctible by certiorari (Villa Rey Transit v. Bello, et al., L-18957, April 23, 1963, and cases cited
therein.)
The corporation law, on forced sale of franchises, provides
Any franchise granted to a corporation to collect tolls or to occupy, enjoy, or use public
property or any portion of the public domain or any right of way over public property or the
public domain, and any rights and privileges acquired under such franchise may be levied
upon and sold under execution, together with the property necessary for the enjoyment, the
exercise of the powers, and the receipt of the proceeds of such franchise or right of way, in
the same manner and with like effect as any other property to satisfy any judgment against
the corporation: Provided, That the sale of the franchise or right of way and the property
necessary for the enjoyment, the exercise of the powers, and the receipt of the proceeds of
said franchise or right of way is especially decreed and ordered in the judgment: And
provided, further, That the sale shall not become effective until confirmed by the court after
due notice. (Sec. 56, Corporation Law.)
In the case of Gulf Refining Co. v. Cleveland Trust Co., 108 So., 158, it was held
The first question then for decision is the meaning of the word "franchise" in the statute.
"A franchise is a special privilege conferred by governmental authority, and which
does not belong to citizens of the country generally as a matter of common right. ...
Its meaning depends more or less upon the connection in which the word is
employed and the property and corporation to which it is applied. It may have
different significations.
"For practical purposes, franchises, so far as relating to corporations, are divisible
into (1) corporate or general franchises; and (2) special or secondary franchises. The
former is the franchise to exist as a corporation, while the latter are certain rights and
privileges conferred upon existing corporations, such as the right to use the streets of
a municipality to lay pipes or tracks, erect poles or string wires." 2 Fletcher's
Cyclopedia Corp. See. 1148; 14 C.J. p. 160; Adams v. Yazon & M. V. R. Co., 24 So.
200, 317, 28 So. 956, 77 Miss. 253, 60 L.R.A. 33 et seq.
The primary franchise of a corporation that is, the right to exist as such, is vested "in the
individuals who compose the corporation and not in the corporation itself" (14 C.J. pp. 160,
161; Adams v. Railroad, supra; 2 Fletcher's Cyclopedia Corp. Secs. 1153, 1158; 3 Thompson
on Corporations 2d Ed.] Secs. 2863, 2864),and cannot be conveyed in the absence of a
legislative authority so to do (14A CJ. 543, 577; 1 Fletcher's Cyc. Corp. Sec. 1224; Memphis
& L.R.R. Co. v. Berry 5 S. Ct. 299, 112 U.S. 609, 28 L.E.d. 837; Vicksburg Waterworks Co. v.
Vicksburg, 26 S. Ct. 660, 202 U.S. 453, 50 L.E.d. 1102, 6 Ann. Cas. 253; Arthur v.
Commercial & Railroad Bank, 9 Smedes & M. 394, 48 Am. Dec. 719), but the specify or
secondary franchises of a corporation are vested in the corporation and may ordinarily be
conveyed or mortgaged under a general power granted to a corporation to dispose of its
property (Adams v. Railroad, supra; 14A C.J. 542, 557; 3 Thompson on Corp. [2nd Ed.] Sec.
2909), except such special or secondary franchises as are charged with a public use (2

Fletcher's Cyc. Corp. see. 1225; 14A C.J. 544; 3 Thompson on Corp. [2d Ed.] sec. 2908;
Arthur v. Commercial & R.R. Bank, supra; McAllister v. Plant, 54 Miss. 106).
The right to operate a messenger and express delivery service, by virtue of a legislative enactment,
is admittedly a secondary franchise (R.A. No. 3260, entitled "An Act granting the JRS Business
Corporation a franchise to conduct a messenger and express service)" and, as such, under our
corporation law, is subject to levy and sale on execution together and including all the property
necessary for the enjoyment thereof. The law, however, indicates the procedure under which the
same (secondary franchise and the properties necessary for its enjoyment) may be sold under
execution. Said franchise can be sold under execution, when such sale is especially decreed and
ordered in the judgment and it becomes effective only when the sale is confirmed by the Court after
due notice (Sec. 56, Corp. Law). The compromise agreement and the judgment based thereon, do
not contain any special decree or order making the franchise answerable for the judgment debt. The
same thing may be stated with respect to petitioner's trade name or business name and its capital
stock. Incidentally, the trade name or business name corresponds to the initials of the President of
the petitioner corporation and there can be no serious dispute regarding the fact that a trade name
or business name and capital stock are necessarily included in the enjoyment of the franchise. Like
that of a franchise, the law mandates, that property necessary for the enjoyment of said franchise,
can only be sold to satisfy a judgment debt if the decision especially so provides. As We have stated
heretofore, no such directive appears in the decision. Moreover, a trade name or business name
cannot be sold separately from the franchise, and the capital stock of the petitioner corporation or
any other corporation, for the matter, represents the interest and is the property of stockholders in
the corporation, who can only be deprived thereof in the manner provided by law (Therbee v. Baker,
35 N.E. Eq. [8 Stew.] 501, 505; In re Wells' Estate, 144 N.W. 174, 177, Wis. 294, cited in 6 Words
and Phrases, 109).
It, therefore, results that the inclusion of the franchise, the trade name and/or business name and the
capital stock of the petitioner corporation, in the sale of the properties of the JRS Business
Corporation, has no justification. The sale of the properties of petitioner corporation is set aside, in
so far as it authorizes the levy and sale of its franchise, trade name and capital stocks. Without
pronouncement as to costs.
Bengzon, C.J., Padilla, Bautista Angelo, Concepcion, Reyes, J.B.L., Regala and Makalintal, JJ.,
concur.