Java Conditional and Loop

Statements
Java Flow Control
i) Java Conditional Statements
2) Java Loop Statements
--------------------------------------------------------------

i) Java Conditional Statements

> Conditional Statements are used to insert verification points and error handling.

a) Two types of Conditional statements in Java

1) if statement
2) switch Statement
------------------------

b) Types of Conditions
1) Single Condition (Positive and Negative Conditions)
Ex:
if (a > b) {
-------}
--------------if (!(a < b)){
--------------}
-------------------2) Compound Condition
Ex:
if ((a > b) && (a < C)){
--------------}

if ((a > b) || (a < C)){

--------------}
-----------------------------3) Nested Condition
if (a>b){
if (a>c){
if (a>d){
}
}
}
----------------------------------

c) Usage of Conditional Statements

1) Execute a block of statements when condition is True.
Syntax:
if (Condition){
Statements
--------------------}
Example:
public class Flow Control {
public static void main (String []args){
int a, b;
a=50; b=200;
if (a > b){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
}
}
-----------------------------2) Execute a block of statements when a compound Condition is True.
Syntax:

if ((Condition1) && or || (Condition2)) {

Statements
----------------}
Example:
public class FlowControl {
public static void main (String []args){
int a, b, c;
a=50; b=40; c=30;
if ((a > b) && (a > c)) {
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
}
}
---------------------------3) Execute a block of statements when condition is True, otherwise execute
another block of statements.
Syntax:
if (Condition) {
Statements
----------------}
else
{
Statements
----------------}
Example:
public class FlowControl {
public static void main (String []args){
int a, b;
a=50; b=50;

if (a > b){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else
{
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
}
}
}
-----------------------------4) Decide among several alternates (else if structure)
Syntax:
if (Condition){
Statements
----------}
else if (Condition) {
Statements
----------}
else if (Condition) {
Statements
----------}
else if (Condition) {
Statements
----------}
else
{
Statements
----------}
Example:
Initialize a integer variable, and Verify the Number.
if the number is in between 1 and 100 then display number is a Small Number.
if the number is in between 101 and 1000 then display number is a Medium Number.

if the number is in between 1001 and 10000 then display number is a Big Number.
if the number is more than 10000 then display number is High Number.
Otherwise display Number is either Zero or Negative number.
-----------------------------------------------------public class FlowControl {
public static void main (String []args){
int a =-100;
if ((a >= 1) && (a <= 100)){
System.out.println("A is a Small Number");
}
else if ((a > 100) && (a <= 1000)){
System.out.println("A is a Medium Number");
}
else if ((a > 1000) && (a <= 10000)){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else if (a > 10000) {
System.out.println("A is High Number");
}
else
{
System.out.println("A is either Zero or Negative Number");
}
}
}
-----------------------------------------5) Execute a block of statements when more than one condition is True.
Syntax:
if(Condition){
if(Condition){
if(Condition){
Statements
--------------}
}

}
--------------------------------Examples:
---------------------------i) Else part for 1st condition only
public class FlowControl {
public static void main (String []args){
int a =10, b=80, c=7, d=2;
if (a> b){
if (a>c){
if (a>d){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
}
}
else
{
System.out.println("A is Not a Big Number");
}
}
}
---------------------------------ii) Else part for 2nd condition only
if (a> b){
if (a>c){
if (a>d){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
}
else
{
System.out.println("A is Not a Big Number");
}
}
--------------------iii) Else part for 3rd condition only
if (a> b){
if (a>c){

if (a>d){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else
{
System.out.println("A is Not a Big Number");
}
}
}
-------------------------iv) Else parts for all conditions
public class FlowControl {
public static void main (String []args){
int a =10, b=8, c=7, d=2;
if (a> b){
if (a>c){
if (a>d){
System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else
{
System.out.println("A is Not a Big Number");
}
}
else
{
System.out.println("A is Not a Big Number");
}
}
else
{
System.out.println("A is Not a Big Number");
}
}
}
-------------------------------------Get Biggest number out of Four Numbers (else if and compound conditions)
public class FlowControl {
public static void main (String []args){
int a =10, b=8, c=7, d=2;

if ((a>b) && (a>c) && (a>d)){

System.out.println("A is a Big Number");
}
else if (((b>a) && (b>c) && (b>d))) {
System.out.println("B is a Big Number");
}
else if (((c>a) && (c>b) && (c>d))) {
System.out.println("C is a Big Number");
}
else{
System.out.println("D is a Big Number");
}
}
}
----------------------------6) Decide among several alternates (using Switch case structure)
Syntax:
switch (expression) {
case value:
Statements
------------break;
case value:
Statements
------------break;
case value:
Statements
------------break;
default
Statements
-------------------------}
--------------------------------Example:

public class FlowControl {

public static void main (String []args){
char grade= 'X';
switch (grade){
case 'A':
System.out.println("Excellent");
break;
case 'B':
System.out.println("Well Done");
break;
case 'C':
System.out.println("Better");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid Grade");
}
}
}
--------------------------------------------------------------

ii) Java Loop Statements

Loop statements for repetitive execution.
a) for loop
b) while loop
c) do while loop
d) Enhanced for loop
-----------------------------------------

a) for loop
Description: It repeats a block of statements for a specified number of times.
Syntax:
for (stratValue; endValue; increment/decrement){

Statements
------------}
Example1:
//Print 1 to 10 Numbers
for(int i=1; i<=10; i++){
System.out.println(i);
}
----------------------------Example2:
//Print 10 to 1 Numbers
for(int i=10; i>=1; i--){
System.out.println(i);
}
---------------------------------Example3:
//Print 1 to 10 Numbers except 7
for(int i=1; i<=10; i++){
if (i != 7){
System.out.println(i);
}
----------------------------------------Example4:
//Print 1 to 10 Numbers except 4th number and 7th Number
for(int i=1; i<=10; i++){
if ((i != 4) && (i != 7)){
System.out.println(i);
}
}
----------------------------------------------

b) while loop
Description: It repeats a block of statements while condition is true.
Syntax:
Initialization

while (Condition){
statements
-------------increment/decrement
}
Example1:
//Print 1 to 10 Numbers
int i = 1;
while (i <= 10){
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}
---------------------------------Example2:
//Print 10 to 11 Numbers
int i = 10;
while (i >= 1){
System.out.println(i);
i--;
}
}
------------------------------Example3:
//Print 1 to 10 Numbers except 7
int i = 1;
while (i <= 10){
if (i != 7){
System.out.println(i);
}
i++;
}
-----------------------------------------

c) do while loop
Description: It repeats a block of statements while condition is true.
It executes a block of statements at least once irrespective of the condition.
Syntax:

Initialization
do
{
Statements
----------------increment/decrement
} while (Condition);
Example:
int i = 1;
do
{
System.out.println(i);
i++;
} while (i<=10);
----------------------------------int i = 20;
do
{
System.out.println(i);
i++;
} while (i<=10);
-------------------------------------------

d) Enhanced for loop

It Executes all elements in an Array.
Syntax:
Array Declaration
for (declaration: Expression/Array){
Statements
-----}
Examples:
String [] languages ={"C", "COBOL", "Java"};

for (String lang: languages){

System.out.println(lang);
}
---------------------------------String [] languages = new String[3];
languages[0] ="C";
languages[1] ="COBOL";
languages[2] ="Java";
for (String lang: languages){
System.out.println(lang);
}
--------------------------------------int [] mathOperations = new int[3];
int a=10, b=20;
mathOperations[0]= a+b;
mathOperations[1]= a-b;
mathOperations[2]= a*b;
for (int operation: mathOperations){
System.out.println(operation);
}
--------------------------------------------double [] mathOperations = new double[4];
double a=10, b=20;
mathOperations[0]=
mathOperations[1]=
mathOperations[2]=
mathOperations[3]=

a+b;
a-b;
a*b;
a/b;

for (double operation: mathOperations){

System.out.println(operation);
}