7/20/2016

How To Install Linux, nginx, MySQL, PHP (LEMP) stack on Ubuntu 14.04 | DigitalOcean

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By:JustinEllingwood

HowToInstallLinux,nginx,MySQL,PHP(LEMP)stack
onUbuntu14.04
230

PostedApr25,2014

455.5k

GettingStarted

Nginx

MySQL

PHP

Ubuntu

TutorialSeries
Thistutorialispart2of4intheseries:IntroductiontoNginxandLEMPonUbuntu14.04

Introduction
TheLEMPsoftwarestackisagroupofsoftwarethatcanbeusedtoservedynamicweb
pagesandwebapplications.ThisisanacronymthatdescribesaLinuxoperatingsystem,
withanNginxwebserver.ThebackenddataisstoredinMySQLandthedynamic
processingishandledbyPHP.

Inthisguide,wewilldemonstratehowtoinstallaLEMPstackonanUbuntu14.04server.
TheUbuntuoperatingsystemtakescareofthefirstrequirement.Wewilldescribehowto
gettherestofthecomponentsupandrunning.

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Note:TheLEMPStackcanbeinstalledautomaticallyonyourDropletbyaddingthisscriptto

itsUserDatawhenlaunchingit.CheckoutthistutorialtolearnmoreaboutDropletUser
Data.

Prerequisites
Beforeyoucompletethistutorial,youshouldhavearegular,non-rootuseraccountonyour
serverwith

sudoprivileges.Youcanlearnhowtosetupthistypeofaccountby

completingsteps1-4inourUbuntu14.04initialserversetup.

Onceyouhaveyouraccountavailable,signintoyourserverwiththatusername.Youare
nowreadytobeginthestepsoutlinedinthisguide.

1.InstalltheNginxWebServer
Inordertodisplaywebpagestooursitevisitors,wearegoingtoemployNginx,amodern,
efficientwebserver.

AllofthesoftwarewewillbegettingforthisprocedurewillcomedirectlyfromUbuntu's
defaultpackagerepositories.Thismeanswecanusethe

aptpackagemanagementsuite

tocompletetheinstallation.

Sincethisisourfirsttimeusing

aptforthissession,weshouldstartoffbyupdatingour

localpackageindex.Wecantheninstalltheserver:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install nginx

InUbuntu14.04,Nginxisconfiguredtostartrunninguponinstallation.

Youcantestiftheserverisupandrunningbyaccessingyourserver'sdomainnameor
publicIPaddressinyourwebbrowser.

Ifyoudonothaveadomainnamepointedatyourserverandyoudonotknowyour
server'spublicIPaddress,youcanfinditbytypingoneofthefollowingintoyourterminal:

ip addr show eth0 | grep inet | awk '{ print $2; }' | sed 's/\/.*$//'

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111.111.111.111
fe80::601:17ff:fe61:9801

Oryoucouldtryusing:

curl http://icanhazip.com

111.111.111.111

Tryoneofthelinesthatyoureceiveinyourwebbrowser.ItshouldtakeyoutoNginx's
defaultlandingpage:

http://server_domain_name_or_IP

Ifyouseetheabovepage,youhavesuccessfullyinstalledNginx.

2.InstallMySQLtoManageSiteData
Nowthatwehaveawebserver,weneedtoinstallMySQL,adatabasemanagement
system,tostoreandmanagethedataforoursite.

Youcaninstallthiseasilybytyping:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Youwillbeaskedtosupplyaroot(administrative)passwordforusewithintheMySQL
system.

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TheMySQLdatabasesoftwareisnowinstalled,butitsconfigurationisnotexactlycomplete
yet.

First,weneedtotellMySQLtogeneratethedirectorystructureitneedstostoreits
databasesandinformation.Wecandothisbytyping:

sudo mysql_install_db

Next,you'llwanttorunasimplesecurityscriptthatwillpromptyoutomodifysome
insecuredefaults.Beginthescriptbytyping:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

YouwillneedtoentertheMySQLrootpasswordthatyouselectedduringinstallation.

Next,itwillaskifyouwanttochangethatpassword.IfyouarehappywithyourMySQLroot
password,type"N"fornoandhit"ENTER".Afterwards,youwillbepromptedtoremove

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sometestusersanddatabases.Youshouldjusthit"ENTER"throughthesepromptsto

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removetheunsafedefaultsettings.

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3.InstallPHPforProcessing

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NowwehaveNginxinstalledtoserveourpagesandMySQLinstalledtostoreandmanage
ourdata,butwestillneedsomethingtoconnectthesetwopiecesandtogenerate
dynamiccontent.WecanusePHPforthis.

SinceNginxdoesnotcontainnativePHPprocessinglikesomeotherwebservers,wewill
needtoinstall

php5-fpm,whichstandsfor"fastCGIprocessmanager".WewilltellNginx

topassPHPrequeststothissoftwareforprocessing.

Wecaninstallthismoduleandwillalsograbanadditionalhelperpackagethatwillallow
PHPtocommunicatewithourdatabasebackend.Theinstallationwillpullinthenecessary
PHPcorefiles.Dothisbytyping:

sudo apt-get install php5-fpm php5-mysql

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ConfigurethePHPProcessor
WenowhaveourPHPcomponentsinstalled,butweneedtomakeaslightconfiguration
changetomakeoursetupmoresecure.

Openthemain

php5-fpmconfigurationfilewithrootprivileges:

sudo nano /etc/php5/fpm/php.ini

Whatwearelookingforinthisfileistheparameterthatsets

cgi.fix_pathinfo.Thiswill

becommentedoutwithasemi-colon(;)andsetto"1"bydefault.

ThisisanextremelyinsecuresettingbecauseittellsPHPtoattempttoexecutetheclosest
fileitcanfindifaPHPfiledoesnotmatchexactly.Thisbasicallywouldallowuserstocraft
PHPrequestsinawaythatwouldallowthemtoexecutescriptsthattheyshouldn'tbe
allowedtoexecute.

Wewillchangebothoftheseconditionsbyuncommentingthelineandsettingitto"0"like

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this:

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cgi.
fix_pathinfo=0
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Saveandclosethefilewhenyouarefinished.
SCROLLTOTOP

Now,wejustneedtorestartourPHPprocessorbytyping:

sudo service php5-fpm restart

Thiswillimplementthechangethatwemade.

4.ConfigureNginxtoUseourPHPProcessor
Now,wehavealloftherequiredcomponentsinstalled.Theonlyconfigurationchangewe
stillneedtodoistellNginxtouseourPHPprocessorfordynamiccontent.

Wedothisontheserverblocklevel(serverblocksaresimilartoApache'svirtualhosts).
OpenthedefaultNginxserverblockconfigurationfilebytyping:

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sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

Currently,withthecommentsremoved,theNginxdefaultserverblockfilelookslikethis:

server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
server_name localhost;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
}

Weneedtomakesomechangestothisfileforoursite.

index.phpoptionasthefirstvalueofour indexdirectiveto

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First,weneedtoaddan

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allowPHPindexfilestobeservedwhenadirectoryisrequested.

Wealsoneedtomodifythe
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server_namedirectivetopointtoourserver'sdomain

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nameorpublicIPaddress.

Theactualconfigurationfileincludessomecommentedoutlinesthatdefineerror
SCROLLTOTOP

processingroutines.Wewilluncommentthosetoincludethatfunctionality.

FortheactualPHPprocessing,wewillneedtouncommentaportionofanothersection.
Wewillalsoneedtoadda

try_filesdirectivetomakesureNginxdoesn'tpassbad

requeststoourPHPprocessor.

Thechangesthatyouneedtomakeareinredinthetextbelow:

server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server ipv6only=on;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
server_name server_domain_name_or_IP;
location / {
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try_files $uri $uri/ =404;

}
error_page 404 /404.html;
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}

Whenyou'vemadetheabovechanges,youcansaveandclosethefile.

RestartNginxtomakethenecessarychanges:

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sudo service nginx restart

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5.CreateaPHPFiletoTestConfiguration
SCROLLTOTOP

YourLEMPstackshouldnowbecompletelysetup.Westillshouldtesttomakesurethat
Nginxcancorrectlyhand

.phpfilesofftoourPHPprocessor.

WecandothisbycreatingatestPHPfileinourdocumentroot.Openanewfilecalled

info.phpwithinyourdocumentrootinyourtexteditor:

sudo nano /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php

Wecantypethisintothenewfile.ThisisvalidPHPcodethatwillreturnformatted
informationaboutourserver:

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

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Whenyouarefinished,saveandclosethefile.

Now,youcanvisitthispageinyourwebbrowserbyvisitingyourserver'sdomainnameor
publicIPaddressfollowedby

/info.php:

http://server_domain_name_or_IP/info.php

YoushouldseeawebpagethathasbeengeneratedbyPHPwithinformationaboutyour
server:

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GetthelatesttutorialsonSysAdminandopensourcetopics.

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SCROLLTOTOP

Ifyouseeapagethatlookslikethis,you'vesetupPHPprocessingwithNginxsuccessfully.

Afteryoutestthis,it'sprobablybesttoremovethefileyoucreatedasitcanactuallygive
unauthorizeduserssomehintsaboutyourconfigurationthatmayhelpthemtrytobreakin.

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Youcanalwaysregeneratethisfileifyouneeditlater.

Fornow,removethefilebytyping:

sudo rm /usr/share/nginx/html/info.php

Conclusion
YoushouldnowhaveaLEMPstackconfiguredonyourUbuntu14.04server.Thisgivesyou
averyflexiblefoundationforservingwebcontenttoyourvisitors.

ByJustinEllingwood

Author:
JustinEllingwood

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TutorialSeries
IntroductiontoNginxandLEMPonUbuntu14.04
SCROLLTOTOP
ThistutorialserieshelpssysadminssetupanewwebserverusingtheLEMPstack,
focusingonNginxsetupwithvirtualblocks.Thiswillletyouservemultiplewebsites
fromoneDroplet.You'llstartbysettingupyourUbuntu14.04serverandendwith
multiplevirtualblockssetupforyourwebsites.AnNginxconfigurationguideis
includedattheendforreference.

InitialServerSetupwithUbuntu14.04

HowToInstallLinux,nginx,MySQL,PHP(LEMP)stackonUbuntu

HowToSetUpNginxServerBlocks(VirtualHosts)onUbuntu

April17,2014

April25,2014

14.04

April25,2014

14.04LTS

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UnderstandingtheNginxConfigurationFileStructureand

November18,2014

ConfigurationContexts

SpinupanSSDcloudserverinunderaminute.
Simplesetup.Fullrootaccess.
Straightforwardpricing.

DEPLOYSERVER

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RelatedTutorials

HowToUseFilezillatoTransferandManageFilesSecurelyonyourVPS
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ConfigurationManagement101:WritingChefRecipes
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HowToSetUpNginxServerBlocks(VirtualHosts)onUbuntu16.04

InitialServerSetupwithUbuntu16.04
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ConfigurationManagement101:WritingPuppetManifests

121Comments

Leaveacomment...

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Loggedinas:

Notifymeofreplies
tomycomment

Comment

rich636856 April25,2014

StepFour:

Thelocationblockprovidedresultsinerror:
nginx:[emerg]unknowndirective"fast_cgi_split_path_info"in/etc/nginx/sitesenabled/default:56

Needtoremovetheunderscorebetweenfastandcgi:
fastcgi_split_path_info^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;

rich636856 April25,2014

StepTwoIinstalledmysql-server-5.6,whenIrunthemysql_install_dbcommandIgetthe

followingerror:

user@host:~$sudomysql_install_db
FATALERROR:Couldnotfindmy-default.cnf

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Ifyoucompiledfromsource,youneedtorun'makeinstall'to
copythesoftwareintothecorrectlocationreadyforoperation.
GetthelatesttutorialsonSysAdminandopensourcetopics.

Ifyouareusingabinaryrelease,youmusteitherbeatthetop
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leveloftheextractedarchive,orpassthe--basediroption
pointingtothatlocation.

SCROLLTOTOP

AnyideawhatDirIshouldberunningthisfromorwhat--basediroptiontouse?

arturkohut November23,2014

Ihavethesameissuewheninstallingmysql-server-5.6onfreshinstalledubuntu14.04.

andrewdavidtanner87 April27,2014

Brillianttutorial,thanksJustin!

ReallyinformativeandI'mveryhappyyouexplainedwhateveryconfigurationmeans
exactly.

Goodwork:)

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davidprimadi April28,2014

Hii..
howtoinstallwordpresswithnginxonubuntu14.04?
anytutorialhere?
caniusethistutorial:https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-installwordpress-with-nginx-on-ubuntu-12-04?

asb

MOD

April28,2014

@davidprimadi:Itshouldbemoreorlessthesameon14.04ason12.04.Letusknowhowit
goes!

davidprimadi April28,2014

it'swork!

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asb

MOD April28,2014
GetthelatesttutorialsonSysAdminandopensourcetopics.

Great!Gladtohearit.
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brandon- April28,2014

SCROLLTOTOP

Instep5ofthe12.04LEMPinstalltutorial,theinstructionsstatetomakethefollowing
changeinthe/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf:

change:listen=127.0.0.1:9000tolisten=/var/run/php5-fpm.sock

HoweverinStep3this14.04tutorialwearenotinstructedtodoso.Anyreasonwhy?

asb

MOD

April28,2014

@brandon:

In14.04,php5-fpmdefaultstousingthesocketfileinsteadofcommunicatingover
127.0.0.1:9000.Sothereasonyoudon'tneedtochangeitisbecauseitshouldalreadyread
"listen=/var/run/php5-fpm.sock"

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ajgarciaba May1,2014

Great!!It'sworks!!Congrats!!

donovan May4,2014

HiIgetthiserrorwhenItrystartngninxanyideas?

2014/05/0414:10:57[emerg]4272#0:"fastcgi_pass"directiveisduplicatein/etc/nginx/sitesenabled/default:62

netabare93 January12,2016

Pleasecheckyour/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/defaultandlocatetoline62around,

youwillfindsomethinglike

# With php5-cgi alone:

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# With php5-fpm:

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fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;

fastcgi_index index.php;

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include fastcgi_params;
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Thencommentthefirstcasewithphp5-cgialonesincephp5-fpmisalreadyinstalled.
Icamewiththesameproblem.Hopethiscouldhelpyou.
SCROLLTOTOP

donovan May4,2014

nevermindgotit

maisdotsolutions May10,2014

Hi,

Excusemeformyignorance,butIhaveaproblem.IamusingUbuntu14.04andjustcreate
it.

In"StepTwo-InstallMySQLDatatoManageSite",appearsthisWarning:

14051018:00:33[Warning]Usinguniqueoptionprefixkey_bufferinsteadofkey_buffer_size
isdeprecatedandwillberemovedinafuturerelease.Pleaseusethefullnameinstead.

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Soonafter,instep"sudomysql_install_db"appears:

InstallingMySQLsystemtables...
14051018:01:58[Warning]Usinguniqueoptionprefixkey_bufferinsteadofkey_buffer_size
isdeprecatedandwillberemovedinafuturerelease.Pleaseusethefullnameinstead.
OK
Fillinghelptables...
14051018:01:58[Warning]Usinguniqueoptionprefixkey_bufferinsteadofkey_buffer_size
isdeprecatedandwillberemovedinafuturerelease.Pleaseusethefullnameinstead.
OK
Tostartmysqldatboottimeyouhavetocopy
support-files/mysql.servertotherightplaceforyoursystem
PLEASEREMEMBERTOSETAPASSWORDFORTHEMySQLrootUSER!
Todoso,starttheserver,thenissuethefollowingcommands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin-urootpassword'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin-uroot-hMaisSolutionspassword'new-password'
Alternativelyyoucanrun:
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
whichwillalsogiveyoutheoptionofremovingthetest
databasesandanonymoususercreatedbydefault.Thisis
stronglyrecommendedforproductionservers.

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Seethemanualformoreinstructions.
GetthelatesttutorialsonSysAdminandopensourcetopics.
Y
oucanstarttheMySQLdaemonwith:
cd/usr;/usr/bin/mysqld_safe&
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YoucantesttheMySQLdaemonwithmysql-test-run.pl

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cd/usr/mysql-test;perlmysql-test-run.pl
Pleasereportanyproblemsathttp://bugs.mysql.com/
SCROLLTOTOP

Whatcanbe?Doyouhaveasolution?Thankyouverymuch!

Bestregards,
LeandroNaves

kamaln7

MOD

May12,2014

@maisdotsolutions:That'sfine,it'sjusttellingyouthat

/etc/mysql/my.cnfhasa

deprecatedoption,"key_buffer",whichwillberemovedinalaterversionofMySQL.Justto
besafe,edit

/etc/mysql/my.cnfandreplace key_bufferwith key_buffer_size:

sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf

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adsf May12,2014

installationofmysqlproducedthefollowingerror
[Warning]Usinguniqueoptionprefixkey_bufferinsteadofkey_buffer_sizeisdeprecated
andwillberemovedinafuturerelease.Pleaseusethefullnameinstead.

whatshouldido?

adsf May12,2014

Inanothertutorialhttps://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-install-nginx-onubuntu-14-04-lts
yousay

Wecanmakesurethatourwebserverwillrestartautomaticallywhentheserveris
rebootedbytyping:

sudoupdate-rc.dnginxdefaults

Soisthisstepneededornot?

Signupforournewsletter.

GetthelatesttutorialsonSysAdminandopensourcetopics.

kamaln7

MOD May13,2014
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@asdf:

installationofmysqlproducedthefollowingerror[Warning]Usingunique
optionprefixkey_bufferinsteadofkey_buffer_sizeisdeprecatedand
SCROLLTOTOP
willberemovedinafuturerelease.Pleaseusethefullnameinstead.

Takealookatmyresponsetomaisdotsolutionsrightaboveyourcomment.

Soisthisstepneededornot?

Youdon'thavetorunit,butyoucanrunittomakesurenginxstartsonboot,whichitshould
dobydefault.

jasonmbaumgartner May20,2014

ThisisareallyniceandconciseguidetogettingupandrunningwithabasicLEMPstack.
ThereisonesuggestionIwouldliketomake,though.

Whenmakingchangestothenginxconfigurationfile,itisnotnecessarytorestartthenginx
service.Insteadofrunningthecommand"sudoservicenginxrestart",youcansimplyreload
theconfigurationwiththiscommand:

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nginx-sreload

It'sasmallminorpoint,butsomepeoplemayfindithelpfuliftheydon'twanttohavethe
servicestoppedevenifitistemporarily.

Greatguide!

kradllit May26,2014

AwesomeTutorial!Tnx!

servidigitalneiva June2,2014

Ifollowtheguide,butIgotophpmyadminthrowsa404,asitwouldsolve.
thanks

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