District Profile Awaran

Situation Analysis & Baseline Surveys For Poverty
Reduction through Rural Development in KPK,

FATA & Balochistan
DEVELOPMENT PROFILE OF
AWARAN DISTRICT
January 3, 2015
Submitted by:
Empowerment Performance Result

In Association with:
District Profile Awaran
Table of Contents
LIST OF EXHIBITS ............................................................................................................................... 1
ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................ 2
FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................ 3
DISTRICT AWARAN AT A GLANCE ..................................................................................................... 4
1.0 DISTRICT GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 6
1.1 LOCATION AND BOUNDARY ................................................................................................. 6
1.2 TRIBES, ETHNIC GROUPS AND LANGUAGES......................................................................... 6
1.3 TOPOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 CLIMATE ............................................................................................................................ 6
2.0 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT .............................................................................. 7
2.1 EDUCATION AND LITERACY ................................................................................................. 7
2.2 HEALTH ........................................................................................................................... 10
2.3 HOUSING QUALITY AND HOUSING SERVICES ..................................................................... 11
2.4 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION ................................................................................... 13
2.5 POPULATION AND EMPLOYED LABOR FORCE ..................................................................... 14
2.6 LIVELIHOOD SOURCES ..................................................................................................... 15
3.0 LAW AND ORDER ..................................................................................................................... 18
3.1. BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................. 18
3.2. LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ........................................................................................ 18
3.3. JUDICIAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN AWARAN ............................................................................ 19
3.4. MAIN CRIMES TOOK PLACE IN 2014 .................................................................................. 19
3.5. CURRENT REFORMS FOR LAW AND ORDER ....................................................................... 19
3.6. PRISONS IN AWARAN........................................................................................................ 19
4.0 CONFLICT M ANAGEMENT ......................................................................................................... 20
4.1 TRIBAL MAPPING AND LOCAL ECONOMY ........................................................................... 20
4.2 CONFLICT RESOLUTION.................................................................................................... 20
4.3 DISPLACEMENT ................................................................................................................ 20
4.4 MAJOR TRIBES ................................................................................................................ 21
5.0 THE ROLE OF WOMEN .............................................................................................................. 22
5.1 STATUS OF W OMEN ......................................................................................................... 22
5.2 ROLE IN POLITICS ............................................................................................................ 22
5.3 MICRO FINANCING ........................................................................................................... 22
5.4 MATERNAL HEALTH CARE ................................................................................................ 22
5.5 GENDER RATIO................................................................................................................ 22
5.6 LITERACY RATE ............................................................................................................... 23
5.7 VOCATIONAL TRAINING..................................................................................................... 23
5.8 W OMENS EMPLOYMENT .................................................................................................. 23
5.9 AGRICULTURE.................................................................................................................. 23
5.10 LIVESTOCK ...................................................................................................................... 23
5.11 VIOLENCE AGAINST W OMEN ............................................................................................. 23
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 24
6.1 CLIMATE, LAND AND FOREST ............................................................................................ 24
6.2 AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK ......................................................................................... 24
6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS .............................................................................................. 25
7.0 SOCIAL MOBILIZATION ............................................................................................................. 27
7.1 ROLE OF PPAF ............................................................................................................... 27
7.2 LOCAL NGOS .................................................................................................................. 27
7.3 FOCUS OF DONOR COMMUNITY ........................................................................................ 28
8.0 IMPORTANT INSTITUTIONS......................................................................................................... 29
8.1 INSTITUTIONS AND STAKEHOLDERS ................................................................................... 29
8.2 FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE DISTRICT ......................................................................... 29
List of Exhibits
Exhibit 2.1.1 - Educational Status of Children of 5-9 Years Age Group [Percentage Distribution,
2012-13]
Exhibit 2.1.2 - Educational Status of Children of 10-14 Years Age Group [Percentage Distribution,
2012-13]
Exhibit 2.1.3 - Gender Parity Index in Primary and Secondary Enrollment [2012-13]
7
7
8
Exhibit 2.1.4 - Teaching Institutions and Staff Numbers [2011]
Exhibit 2.1.5 - School Facilities and Physical Characteristic 2011 [Percentage of Schools]
Exhibit 2.1.6 - Adult Literacy Rate - [2012-13]
Exhibit 2.2.1 - Status of Child Health - Percentages [2012-13]
10
Exhibit 2.2.2 - Status of Maternal Health Percentage of Pertinent Women [2012-13]
10
Exhibit 2.2.3 - Health Institutions Numbers [2011-12]
11
Exhibit 2.2.4 - Health Staffs Numbers [2011-12]
11
Exhibit 2.3.1 - Material Used in Roof - Percentage of Household [2012-13]
11
Exhibit 2.3.2 - Wall Structure Percentage of Households [2012-13]
12
Exhibit 2.3.3 - Type of Toilet Percentage of Households [2012-13]
12
Exhibit 2.3.4 - Source of Lighting Percentage of Households [2012-13]
12
Exhibit 2.3.5 - Cooking Fuel Percentage of Households [2012-13]
12
Exhibit 2.3.6 - Source of Drinking Water Percentage of Households [2012-13]
13
Exhibit 2.4.1 - Indicators of Communication [2011-12]
13
Exhibit 2.5.1 - Estimated Population
14
Exhibit 2.5.2 - Percentage of Employed Labor Force by Major Sectors [2012-13]
14
Exhibit 2.5.3 - Percentage of Employed Labor Force by Major Occupational Group [2012-13]
15
Exhibit 2.5.4 - Employment Status [Percentage of Employed Persons, 2012-13]
15
Exhibit 2.6.1 - Land Utilization Statistics [2011-12]
16
Exhibit 2.6.2 - Area and Production of Major Crops [2011-12]
16
Exhibit 2.6.3 - Agriculture Machinery - [2011-12]
16
Exhibit 2.6.4 - Population of Livestock - [2011-12]
17
Exhibit 2.6.5 - Area Under the Control of Forest Department [2011-12]
17
Exhibit 3.2.1 - Strength of the Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)
18
Exhibit 3.3.1 - Justice System in Awaran
19
Exhibit 3.3.2 - Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) Mechanism
19
Exhibit 3.4.1 - Crimes Rate
19
Exhibit 6.3.1 - Awaran Flood Assessment
26
Exhibit 7.3.1 - Donor Projects
28
Acronyms
ADBP
Agricultural Development Bank Of Pakistan
BLF
Baluchistan Liberation Front
CPI
Community Physical Infra-Structure
DGDC
Directorate General For Development Cooperation
COs
Community Organizations
GoB
Government Of Baluchistan
GoI
Government Of Italy
GPI
Gender Parity Index
GRHO
Gender Reproductive Health Organization
HANDS
Health And Nutrition Development Society
IDA
International Development Association
LHSs
Lady Health Supervisors
LHW
Lady Health Workers
MDTF
Multi-Donor Trust Fund
MICS
Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey
NBP
National Bank Of Pakistan
NRSP
National Rural Support Program
ORS
Oral Rehydration Solution
PDMA
Provincial Disaster Management Authority
PEI
Poverty Eradication Initiatives
PPAF
Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund
PSLM
Pakistan Social And Living Standard Measurement
UBL
United Bank Limited
UC
Union Councils
UNDP
United National Development Project
WHO
World Health Organization
ZTBL
Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited
Foreword
Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) has received financing from the International
Development Association (IDA) for undertaking the consulting services titled as Situation
Analysis and Baseline Surveys for Poverty Reduction through Rural Development in KPK,
FATA and Balochistan in 14 targeted districts. The study is awarded to the consortium of
AASA Consulting and Gender Reproductive Health Organization (GRHO).
The findings of this research will be utilized for the three year investment program in
Balochistan, KP and FATA which would be financed by the Government of Italy (GoI) through
the Directorate General for Development Cooperation (DGDC).
The project is divided in two phases. A macro picture of target districts will be portrayed in
Phase-I by developing, District Situation Analysis reports, while household poverty and
assessment of Community Organizations (COs) will be assessed through detailed quantitative
and qualitative surveys in the selected Union Councils (UCs) of the target areas in Phase-II of
the project.
This report provides the Situation Analysis of the district Awaran with respect to the socioeconomic status. It employs mainly secondary data collected by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
(PBS), the provincial bureaus and various donor organizations. Three main data sources are
used to compile the district profiles; latest available Provincial Development and Social
Statistics, District Census and Population Reports 1998, and the latest available household
survey (Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement, PSLM 2012-13). PSLM is mainly
used to compile education, health, demographic and housing profiles. Other secondary sources
such as provincial reports and major research studies carried out at the district level have also
been used to expand the situational analysis of the district.
The report starts with district geography, followed by the socio economic profile of the district
including education and literacy, health, housing quality and housing services, transport and
communication, employed labor force and livelihood. The other areas covered in the report
include Law and Order, Conflict Management, The Role of Women, Environmental Analysis,
Social Mobilization. A brief on financial institutions operating in the district is also shared.
Some information, which is significant for profiling districts with respect to development
characteristics, such as the strength of social organizations and institutions, conflict resolution
practices and disaster management are limited at the level of district, but wherever possible the
information is shared and analyzed.
The report provides a quick reference with respect to the current socio-economic status of
district Awaran and information readily available for planning and development initiatives at a
local level. Wherever possible, the information is presented in visual form (tables and graphs)
with a brief commentary to make these profiles a handy and practical booklet.
District Profile
Awaran
Situation Analysis & Baseline Surveys for Poverty Reduction through Rural
Development in KPK, FATA & Baluchistan
District Awaran At a Glance

District Headquarter:
Awaran
Tehsils and Union Councils:

Mashkai
Awaran
JhalJhao
Gajjar, Nokjo, Parwar

Awaran, Teertaaj, Gishkaur, Shandi, WajaBagh
Camp Jhao, KorakJhao
Area
29,510 Square Kilometer
Climate
The climate of Awaran is hot in summer (with cool nights) and

moderately cool in winter. The storms become very severe from
June to September. The rain falls mostly during the months of April
to July. Maximum average temperature is 28.5C and minimum
average temperature is 12.7C.
Major Ethnic Groups
Bizenjos, Mohammed Hasnis, Sajdis, Mirwanis, Rakhshani,

Musianis, Sumalanies and Mengals
Demography
Projected Population 2014
126,000
Population Density (Persons per Square Kilometer)
Percentage of Rural Population
100%
Percentage of Female Population
45%
Sex Ratio (Males per 100 Females)
123
Percentage of Children (0-5 years)
10%
Percentage of Active Population (15-64 years)
55%
Dependency Ratio (Percentage)
81%
Household Size
7
Livelihood Sources
Total Cropped Area
22,387 Hectares
Total Irrigated Area
21,499Hectares
Major Crops
Wheat, Barley, Onion, Apple
Livestock Head Per thousand Rural Population

Major Minerals
222
No mineral reported
Head of Household Work Status
Percentage
Wage Employed
29
Self Employed
27
Employer
Agriculture
28
Livestock
16

Education
Percentage
Percentage of Population that Ever Attended School
37
Primary Enrollment Rate (Gross Percentage)
60
Middle Enrollment Rate (Gross Percentage)
27
Matric Enrollment Rate (Gross Percentage)
27
Percentage of Literate Persons (10 years and above)
45
Percentage of Literate Persons (15 years and above)
41
Health
Health Institutions
Numbers
Hospitals
Dispensary
15
Rural Health Centre
Basic Health Centre
Health Staff per One Hundred Thousand Population

Doctors
15
Nurses
Paramedics
33
Housing
Percentage
Inadequate Roof Structure (Wood, Bamboo)
99
Un-electrified Households
70
Households with no-toilet
Inadequate fuel for cooking
100
Inadequate Source of Drinking Water
67
Sources:
Development Statistics of Balochistan, 2012-13, Bureau of Statistics, Government of Balochistan
Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey, 2012-13, Government of Pakistan
District Census Report, 1998
1.0
District Geography
1.1
Location and Boundary
Awaran was awarded district status in 2011. Previously it was a sub-division of Khuzdar district.
The old name of Awaran was Kolwa. The district consists of three tehsils Mashkai, Awaran,
Jhal Jhao - , eight patwar circles, and 204 mauzas.
The district is located in the South of Quetta City, the provincial capital of Balochistan, sharing
its boundaries in the West with Kech, Panjgur and Washuk and Gwadar Districts in the South.
District Lasbela and Khuzdar are in the East of Awaran while Siahan range is in the North,
which marks its boundary between Awaran and Panjgur.
The district lies between 6535'35"- 6724'8" East longitudes and 2544'4"-2851'25" North
latitudes and consists of 5 Tehsils and 34 UCs. Location of Awaran is at 900 kilometers (aerial
distance) south-west (225 degrees bearing) of Pakistan's Capital City Islamabad and 270
kilometers South (188 degrees bearing) from Quetta City, the provincial capital of Balochistan.
Map of Awaran District
Sources: District Development Atlas of Balochistan 2010, P&D Department Government of Balochistan and UNICEF
1.2
Tribes, Ethnic Groups and Languages
The tribes in Awaran are divided into several clans. The main tribes in the district are Bizenjos,
Mohammed Hasnis, Sajdis, Mirwanis, Rakhshani, Musianis, Sumalanies and Mengals.
1.3
Topography
Geographically, Awaran District is mountainous consisting of numerous ridges and valleys of

varying width. The important hill ranges are Jhalawan, Moda, Pab and Kirthar. Moola, Mosina,
Nal and Kalachi are the main rivers in the district.
1.4
Climate
The climate of Awran can be categorized as warm summer and mild winter. The southern
area of district is warmer than northern part. Annual average rainfall indicates semi-aridity in the
area. The principal winds in the district are the northern (goorich), southern and south-eastern
winds (nambi). The cessation of the goori chand garro in summer causes rust in the wheat crop
and people have higher risks of fever. Nimbi and gazgi winds are precursors of rain.
6
2.0
Socio-Economic Profile of the District
2.1
Education and Literacy
This section highlights the major characteristics of schooling in the district by providing a
situation analysis in terms of access, equality and quality of primary and secondary education.
Moreover, besides providing the level of adult literacy, the school facilities and physical
characteristics are collated to give an idea of the quality of education in the district.
Access to education is generally gauged with reference to the gross and net enrolment rates,
based on the relevant age group. Traditionally in Pakistan, enrolment rates are calculated on
the basis of the age group 5-9 years, and 10-14 years for primary and secondary levels of
education respectively. Therefore, following the tradition, these age groups are preferred for
documentation of the educational status of children in terms of out-of-schooling and enrolments
in public, private or religious institutions. Access and equality indicators are derived from
Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) surveys, while the available
physical facilities in primary and secondary schools are ascertained from the Development
Statistics of the province.
Exhibit 2.1.1 displays the educational status of children for the 5-9 years age group. Overall,
about 55 percent children (43 percent boys and 70 percent girls) of the primary age group were
out of school in the year 2013. The private school phenomenon does not exist in the district.
Only about one percent of girls enrollment is reported in private schools. Furthermore, the table
indicates that about 1 percent of boys and 4 percent of girls in the 5-9 years age group were
enrolled in religious schools during the survey year 2013. Interestingly, enrollment ratios in
private and religious schools are higher for girls than boys.
Exhibit 2.1.1
Educational Status of Children of 5-9 Years Age Group
[Percentage Distribution, 2012-13]
Overall %
Boys %
Girls %
Out of School
54.51
43.42
69.65
Enrolled in Public Schools
42.65
55.35
25.31
Enrolled in Private Schools
0.30
0.0
0.7
Enrolled in Religious Schools (madrasa)
2.55
1.23
4.34
Enrolled in Schools Run by NGOs
0.0
0.0
0.0
Source: Estimated from Household Level Data of PSLM, 2012-13
Exhibit 2.1.2 documents the educational status of children in the 10-14 years age group.
Overall, about 49 percent children of the 10-14 years age cohort were not attending school
during 2013. The majority (about 36 percent out of 43 percent) of students were enrolled in
government schools. Interestingly, about 15 percent of girls enrollment in religious schools is
also evidenced in the table as estimated from the PSLM 2013 data.
Exhibit 2.1.2
Educational Status of Children of 10-14 Years Age Group
[Percentage Distribution, 2012-13]
Overall %
Boys %
Girls%
Out of School
57.12
49.74
68.03
Enrolled in Public Schools
36.19
49.27
16.86
Enrolled in Private Schools
0.59
0.99
0.0
Enrolled in Religious Schools (madrasa)
6.1
0.0
15.12
Enrolled in Schools Run by NGOs
0.0
0.0
0.0

7

A summary index Gender Parity Index (GPI) is commonly used to assess gender differences.
It is the value of an indicator for girls divided by that for boys. A value of less than one indicates
differences in favor of boys, whereas a value near one indicates that parity has been more or
less achieved. Exhibit 2.1.3 is developed to document the prevalence in gender disparities in
school enrolment for the children in primary and secondary age groups respectively. Relatively
high gender disparity is observed in the district as compared with the province for the school
enrolment in the 5-9 years age cohort (0.39 versus 0.69).A similar trend is observed in the
secondary school enrolment where the district magnitude of GPI is low as compared with that
estimated for the province (0.43 versus 0.47).
Exhibit 2.1.3
Gender Parity Index in Primary and Secondary Enrollment [2012-13]
Awaran
Balochistan
0.8
0.69
0.6
0.4
0.43
0.39
0.47
0.2
0
5-9 Age Cohort
10-14 Age Cohort
Exhibit 2.1.4 furnishes information regarding the number and type of educational institutions as
well as the number of teachers. This supply-side information is obtained from the provincial
Development Statistics.
Due to data constraints in terms of various indicators of quality inputs, this section only
describes the available physical facilities in schools, which is the most important pillar of quality
input to education. School buildings, drinking water, boundary walls, electricity and toilets for
students are considered basic facilities.
Exhibit 2.1.4
Teaching Institutions and Staff Numbers [2011]
Teachers
Schools
Total
Male
Female
Primary School
206
343
257
86
Middle School
21
207
162
45
High School
20
360
308
52
Community School
20
23
20
Private School
Intermediate/Degree College
28
28
Source: Development Statistics of Balochistan, 2012-13, Government of Balochistan
Exhibit 2.1.5 summarizes the extent of available facilities across various levels (primary, middle
and high) of education. Electricity is available in only 1 percent of primary schools, while only 39
percent of primary schools operate in a building of satisfactory condition. About 6 percent of
8

primary schools have no building, whereas about 72 percent run without boundary walls. The
latrine facility is available in only 11 percent of primary schools. The situation in middle and high
schools is however comparatively better, especially in terms of electricity, drinking water and
latrine availability.
Exhibit 2.1.5
School Facilities and Physical Characteristic 2011
[Percentage of Schools]
Primary%
Middle%
High%
Total
Boundary Wall Exists
37.86
61.90
95.00
44.53
Building Availability
94.17
100.00
100.00
95.14
'Pacca' Structure of Schools
86.89
90.48
75.00
86.23
Satisfactory Building Condition
38.83
52.38
30.00
39.27
Electricity Availability
0.97
0.00
15.00
2.02
Drinking Water Availability
17.96
33.33
45.00
21.46
Latrine Availability
10.68
42.86
25.00
14.57
Source: Estimated from Development Statistics of Balochistan, 2012-13, Government of Balochistan
Exhibit 2.1.6 documents the adult (15 plus age cohort) literacy rates for the district. According
to the table, literacy rates in the district are 41 percent for the overall population, with 59
percent for males and 21 percent for females, during the year 2012-13. The estimated
corresponding literacy rates for the province are; 42 percent, 61 percent and 19 percent for
overall, male and female populations respectively.
Exhibit 2.1.6
Adult Literacy Rate - [2012-13]
80.00
60.00
59
40.00
41
20.00
21
0.00
Overall
Male
Female
According to UNDP Human Development Report (2014), Pakistan has been 146th out of 187
countries in terms of the Human Development Index, with an overall adult literacy rate of 54.9
percent. Over the years, several non-formal literacy programs were launched but these suffered
from lack of political commitment, inadequate financial support, weak implementation structures
and the absence of effective supervision and monitoring.
2.2
Health
Health plays a key role in determining the human capital. Better health improves the efficiency
and the productivity of the labor force, and thus ultimately contributes to economic growth and
leads to human welfare. On the other hand, there is a strong relationship between poverty and
the health of the poor.
The health status of a region may be evaluated in terms of either input indicators (doctors,
institutions etc.) or output indicators (Infant Mortality, Maternal Mortality, Life Expectancy etc.).
Unfortunately, district-wise data on output indicators are not available in Pakistan from either
published or unpublished material. The latest Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (MICS) which
was conducted in 2010 in the province, reports various district-wise indicators, but data on
district-wise morality rates and life expectancy are not provided. Therefore, to provide an idea
about the health status in the target districts, data on the maximum possible input indicators are
collated in the following tables.
A rough sketch on child health is furnished in Exhibit 2.2.1. About 91 percent children in the 1223 months age cohort were reported fully immunized according to recall and record method,
while the corresponding percentage is significantly low (42 percent) in household which
provided records of immunization. It is encouraging that almost all households reported the use
of ORS for the treatment of diarrhea; however the percentage who consulted a physician in the
case of diarrhea is about 72 percent. No significant gender discrimination is evident from the
data.
Exhibit 2.2.1
Status of Child Health Percentages
[2012-13]
Overall%
Boys%
Girls%
Children (12-23 Months) Fully Immunized

Record Only
42
49
38
Recall and Record
91
100
84
Physician Consulted
97
96
100
Treatment of Diarrhea ORS
72
76
62
Diarrhea in Children Under 5
Source: PSLM, 2012-13
Some indicators of maternal health care are compiled in Exhibit 2.2.2. The information in the
table reveals that only 57 percent of women reported having a Tetanus Toxoid Injection. While
an insignificant percentage of women reported post-natal care, about 54 percent pertinent
women confirmed pre-natal consultation. The situation in terms of child delivery is also
miserable. Child delivery at home is reported by about 59 percent households of rural areas.
Exhibit 2.2.2
Status of Maternal Health Percentage of Pertinent Women[2012-13]
Percentage
Have Received Tetanus Toxoid Injection
57
Pre-Natal Consultations
54
Child Delivery at Home
59
Post-Natal Consultations
14
Numbers of health institutions in the district during the year 2011-12 are collated in Exhibit
2.2.3, while the strength of health staff in the district is evidenced in Exhibit 2.2.4. A gloomy
picture is evident in term of the strength of district in providing health facilities. Only 15 doctors
10

and 3 nurses are available for one hundred thousand (lakh) populations, according to the
statistics provided by the provincial official publications.
Exhibit 2.2.3
Health Institutions Numbers [2011-12]
Numbers
Hospital
Dispensary
15
Rural Health Centre
Basic Health Units
Maternal and Child Health Centre
TB Clinic
Source: Development Statistics of Balochistan, 2012-13

Exhibit 2.2.4
Health Staffs Numbers [2011-12]
Doctors
19
Per One Hundred

Thousand population
15
Nurses
Paramedics
41
33
Total
Source: Estimated from Development Statistics of Balochistan, 2012-13
2.3
Housing Quality and Housing Services
It is of interest to assess the means and standards of living directly provided by the government,
compared to the standard of living acquired by the household. Shelter is one of the basic needs,
and housing conditions are one of the key determinants of the quality of life.
To observe the access to housing facilities, three indicators are used viz., proportion of
households using electricity, cooking gas and tap water, while quality of housing stock is
evaluated in terms of the material used in the wall and roof, and the type of toilet in the house. All
this informationis obtained at the household level from the household survey (PSLM) and thus
truly reflect the conditions of living standard in the district.
Information regarding the type of material used in the roof is displayed in Exhibit 2.3.1. The exhibit
reveals that almost all households (99 percent) reported inadequate (wood) roof material. Only
one percent of households reported roofing with iron or cement.
Exhibit 2.3.1
Material Used in Roof - Percentage of Household
[2012-13]
Percentage
RCC, RBC
0.00
Iron, Cement
Garder, T-Iron
0.00
Wood etc.
99

Exhibit 2.3.2 shows the material used the in wall, the majority (61 percent) of households reported
the use of mud bricks or mud (Exhibit 2.3.2). Burnt bricks or blocks are used in about 33 percent,
while use of wood in the wall structure is reported by about 6 percent of households.
11

Exhibit 2.3.2
Wall Structure Percentage of Households
[2012-13]
Percentage
Burnt Brick- Blocks
33
Mud Bricks/ MUD
61
Wood etc.
Information regarding the type of toilet used by the household is furnished in Exhibit 2.3.3. The
majority (90 percent) of households reported the use of non-flush toilets, while about 4 percent of
households do not have an in-house toilet facility. The table also reveals that 6 percent of
households use flush toilets.
Exhibit 2.3.3
Type of Toilet Percentage of Households
[2012-13]
Percentage
Flush
Non-Flush
90
No Toilet
About 30 percent of households of the district are connected with the grid and use electricity for
lighting purposes as evident from the Exhibit 2.3.4. According to the table, about 10 percent of
rural households reported non-traditional (candle, wood etc.) sources for lighting.
Exhibit 2.3.4
Source of Lighting Percentage of Households
[2012-13]
Percentage
Electricity
30
Oil
60
Other
10
Exhibit 2.3.5 furnishes information regarding the sources of cooking fuel. Wood and charcoal
are the main sources of cooking fuel according to the table. About 85 percent households use
either wood or charcoal. Although the PSLM data does not provide the separate estimates of
the use of wood and charcoal, it is perhaps reasonable to believe that use of wood is dominant
due to its relatively low cost as compared with coal.
Exhibit 2.3.5
Cooking Fuel Percentage of Households
[2012-13]
Percentage
Gas/Oil
0.00
Wood/Charcoal
85
Other
15
The provision of safe drinking water is an important part of planning for the healthy population.
According to Exhibit 2.3.6, which displays sources of drinking water in the district, about 67
percent of households fetch water from unsafe sources (uncovered water reservoirs and dug
well). The source of tap water is reported by only 10 percent of households.
12

Exhibit 2.3.6
Source of Drinking Water Percentage of Households
[2012-13]
Percentage
Tap Water
10
Hand Pump
0.00
Motor Pump
23
Dug Well
45
Other (Uncovered)
22
2.4
Transport and Communication
Roads, transportation and telecommunication networks have a significant impact on socialization

and modernization. Three indicators have been considered to portray the level of development of
the transport and communication sector in a district are; road mileage per 100 square kilometers
of geographical area, availability of public and private transport and vehicles, and the number of
telephone and internet connections per one hundred thousand persons. These indicators,
depicted in the Exhibit 2.4.1, are estimated from the latest published data of the provincial
Development Statistics.
The table reveals that about 350 and 30 persons out of one lakh (one hundred thousand)
population were connected with PTCL landlines and V-Phone respectively during the year
2011-12. About 1083 broadband connections are also reported which is equivalent to 860
persons per one lakh population.
About 17 and 44 kilometer mettled (black topped) and Shingle road is available out of one
thousand kilometer of geographical area respectively. As the district was separated from
Khuzdar in 2011, most vehicles have been registered in Khuzdar district.
Exhibit 2.4.1
Indicators of Communication [2011-12]
Numbers
Per 000 Population
Number of Connections
Landline
441
350
V-Phone
43
30
1083
Broadband
Black Topped
492
860
Per 000
Square Kilometers
16.7
Shingle
1282
43.5
Total
1774
60.1
Road Kilometers
Kilometers
Motor Vehicles Registered
Numbers
Public Service Vehicles
Private Vehicles
Government Goods Vehicles
Private Goods Vehicles
Others
Total Vehicles
12

13
2.5
Population and Employed Labor Force
The characteristics of the employed force are important to understand the economic structure
and potential of any region. This section provides information with respect to the distribution of
the labor force into sectors, occupational group and working status.
The population of the district is projected using the inter-census (1981-1988) growth rate.
According to the Census of 1998, the population of District Awaran was 118 thousand, while
the inter-census rate is estimated as 0.4 percent1. According to the Exhibit 2.5.1, the estimated
current population of the district is about 1.26 lakh (0.126 million) with an average growth rate
of about 0.41 percent per annum. The population growth rate is inconsistent in the district in
contrast to the population growth rate of other districts of Balochistan. If compared with the
growth rate of other districts and the growth rate observed in the previous Censuses, the
current increase of district population seems to be considerably underestimated. In terms of
population density, the district magnitude is also quite low as compared with other districts.
Exhibit 2.5.1
Estimated Population
Overall
1998 Census
118,000
2010 Projected UNICEF
124,000
2014 Projected Census Growth Rate 1981-998
126,000
Growth Rate1998-2014]
0.41 %
Source: Estimated from District Census Report, 1998
The distribution of the employed labor force by major economic sectors is furnished in Exhibit
2.5.2. The table reveals that the agriculture sector absorbs the majority of the labor force. About
44 percent of employment was recorded in this sector during 2012-13 (PSLM survey).
Furthermore, about 18 percent employment is reported in the small-scale manufacturing sector,
while trade sector absorbs about 10 percent of the employed labor force. About 12 percent of
the employed labor force is absorbed in the construction sector, while the service sector
provides employment to about 16 percent of the employed labor force.
Exhibit 2.5.2
Percentage of Employed Labor Force by Major Sectors[2012-13]
Overall%
Agriculture
43.84
Mining
0.00
Manufacturing
17.61
Construction
12.37
Trade
10.48
Other Service Sectors
15.70
Exhibit 2.5.3 reports distribution of labor force in the major occupational groups. About 43
percent of the rural labor force is working in the occupational group Skilled Agriculture and
Fisheries Workers, while about 13 percent of the labor force is reportedly employed as craft
and related trade workers.
Previously, it was a tehsil of district Khuzdar. Thus, inter-Census growth rate of tehsil was applied to estimate the
current population.
14

Exhibit 2.5.3
Percentage of Employed Labor Force by Major Occupational Group
[2012-13]
Overall%
Elementary (non-skilled workers)
15.30
Clerks/Sales Workers
12.63
Skilled Agriculture and Fisheries Workers
43.84
Craft and Related Trade Workers
13.30
Other
14.93
Wage employees constitute the largest group with respect to work status of the employed labor
force. According to Exhibit 2.5.4, about 29 percent of the labor force is working as employees.
This is followed by self-employed (own-account workers) group with an estimate of 27 percent.
About 26 percent owner cultivators in rural areas are evident from the table, while the
percentage of labor force working as sharecropper is about 2. The table also reveals that about
16 percent of employed labor force is linked with the livestock profession.
Exhibit 2.5.4
Employment Status
[Percentage of Employed Persons, 2012-13]
Rural%
Employer
0.00
Self Employed
27.01
Wage Employee
29.34
Un-Paid Family Worker
0.00
Owner cultivator
26.18
Sharecropper
1.57
Contract cultivator
0.00
Livestock
15.90
2.6
Livelihood Sources
Sources of livelihood represent the economic base of the district. Various features of
agriculture, livestock, mining and forestry are compiled in this section, while district-wise
manufacturing and fisheries data is not available.
The land utilization statistics in terms of cultivated, cropped and irrigated areas is furnished in
Exhibit 2.6.1. Accordingly, the district shares are about 1 percent, 2 percent and 2 percent in
the province respectively, while the share of geographical area is about 9 percent. As evident
in the table, tube-wells are the major source of irrigation with about a 91 percent share in total
irrigated areas.
Major crops in the district are shown in the Exhibit 2.6.2. With the largest share in the cropped
area, wheat is sown on 12865 hectares. This is followed by Onion (2891 hectares) and Barley
(2376 hectares). Rice, pulses and apple are also important crops in terms of sown area.
15

Exhibit 2.6.1
Land Utilization Statistics [2011-12]
2951000
As percent of
the Province
8.5
Cultivated Area
21518
0.8
Cropped Area
22387
1.9
Irrigated Area
21499
2.1
Canal
0.0
Wells
1219
1.8
Tube Wells
19520
3.6
760
2.3
(Hectares)
Geographical Area
Sources of Irrigation
Karezes/Springs
Exhibit 2.6.2
Area and Production of Major Crops [2011-12]
Area
Production
[Hectares]
[00 Tons]
Wheat
12865
20827
Onion
2891
52038
Barley
2376
2555
Rabbi Fodders
559
16297
Mash
458
350
Apple
334
1325
Water Melon
310
3488
Rice
180
307
Kharif Fodders
148
4569
Muttar Pulse
145
57
Jowar
140
125
Crops
Note: Those crops are included which are sow on at least more than 100 hectares.
The numbers and share of agricultural machinery reflect the extent of modernization of
agriculture. This information is collated in Exhibit 2.6.3. Only tractors and threshers are reported
in the agriculture machinery. About 15 tractors are available per on thousand cropped area,
while the share of threshers is about 6.
Exhibit 2.6.3
Agriculture Machinery - [2011-12]
Numbers
Tractors
Threshers
Harvesters
Reapers
Bulldozers
324
123
-
As percent of 000
cropped area
15.1
5.7
-
Livestock is also an important source of livelihood in rural areas. Exhibit 2.6.4 displays the
availability of various livestock per one thousand rural households. The table reveals that
Goats, Sheep and cattle are the major type of livestock in the district.
16

Exhibit 2.6.4
Population of Livestock - [2011-12]
25,674
Per thousand Rural

Population
1101.9
Buffalo
64
2.7
Sheep
137,488
5900.8
Goats
391,191
16789.3
Camel
5,752
246.9
Horse
73
3.1
Mule
33
1.4
7,316
314.0
126,595
5433.3
Numbers
Cattle
Asses
Poultry (Non-Commercial)
The information regarding mineral production in the district is not available, while the area
under the control of Forest Department of the province is furnished in Exhibit 2.6.5. The table
reveals that the district has about 2560 acres forest area which is only 0.1 percent of the
provincial forest area.
Exhibit 2.6.5
Area Under the Control of Forest Department [2011-12]
Coniferous
As Percentage of
the Province
-
Irrigated Plantation
ReverianBela Forest
2560
6.8
Scrub Forest
Coastal Forest
Range Lands
2560
0.1
(Acres)
Total
17
3.0
Law and Order
The districted is protected by two main agencies, the local levies and the police. The town area
is covered by 2 police stations and the rest of the district comes under the levies forces
possessing 5 chowkis/Thanas covering 584 kilometers. There werent any major crimes in this
district other than 2 murder cases and 10 drug smuggling cases that were reported 4 years
ago.
3.1. Background
District Awaran is one of the most unsecure districts of Balochistan. Balochistan Liberation
Front (BLF) is the major anti-state organization functional in the district and involved in militant
activities including attacks on armed forces and government officials. A major earthquake hit
Awaran in the aftermath of which the Pakistan Army was deployed. This deployment has
weakened the BLF.
Major conflict is due to scarce resources and a deficient economy which, coupled with
development gaps of the past six decades, have led to anti-state insurgency. General crime is
very low; e.g. no road robberies or thefts happen around. Occasional conflicts/murders occur
due to personal enmity.
A post-earthquake Housing Project worth Rs.6 Billion was launched in June 2014; it advocates
Owner Driven Reconstruction through incremental payment of money grants against prescribed
construction progress. This happens to be the largest ever investment of inclusive development
in Awaran and has been well received by the affected population. As of now, 2000 houses are
in active construction (Total Target is 20,000 plus). Work is also in progress on reconstruction
of schools, hospitals and roads but they are either slow or substandard due to poor
commitment / supervision by the concerned departments2.
3.2. Law Enforcement Agencies

District Awaran is facing an anti-state insurgency from Baluchistan Liberation Front (BLF).
There have been many incidents of attacks on military forces in which there have been
casualties. The general crime rate is very low and their only law and order issues occur due to
personal enmities. There are no incidents of theft or road side robberies in the district.
Exhibit 3.2.1
Strength of the Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs)
Number of Personnel
Deployed
Agency/ Department
Infrastructure
Male
Female
Police (Regular)
190
Nil
2 Police Stations (PS)
Levies
360
Nil
Levies Headquarter in Awaran
Frontier Corps
(Awaran Militia)
600
Nil
Frontier Corps Headquarter
Pak Army
3500
Nil
1 Army Headquarter
Source: Interview with Police and Public Officials
Interview with a Police Official
18
3.3. Judicial Infrastructure in Awaran

The judicial system in Awaran has been facing certain difficulties. The District and Session
Judge, Iqbal Shahwani, was killed in a road accident and since then Judge Abdul-Qayum has
taken additional charge. He sits in Khuzdar to hear cases. Mashki Qazi court was blown up in a
bomb attack around 4 years ago and since then there is no court in the district. Mashki is a
sensitive area and government machinery cannot function there smoothly3.
Exhibit 3.3.1
Justice System in Awaran
#
Court
Justice System
Regulation
District and Session

Court
1 Additional District and Session

Judge
Deewan-e-Killat Law
Qazi Court
2 Qazis (1 at Mashki and other

at Awaran)
Deewan-e-Killat Law
Family Ordinance 1964
Source: Interview with an Advocate of Awaran

Exhibit 3.3.2
Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) Mechanism
#
ADR Tool
Level of Working
Jirga
Local Elders and

Sardars
Responsibilities
Local disputes related to women and land issues. It is
unable to play a role in the biggest conflict i.e. BLF
insurgency.
3.4. Main Crimes took Place in 2014

Insurgency and anti-state activities are rampant in the district with the presence of BLF.
However other crimes happen very rarely. In 2014, 17 cases have been registered which also
include 2 murders. Minor crimes rate is almost zero.
Exhibit 3.4.1
Crimes Rate
#
Crime (Description)
Main Reasons
Incidents/ Losses in 2014
All Crimes
Include 2 murders and other minor crimes
17
Source: Interview with a Police Official
3.5. Current Reforms for Law and Order

According to the Deputy Commissioner Awaran, there have been no recent reforms but with the
earthquake in 2013, Pakistan Army has taken control of the sensitive areas which has been
quite effective in restoring the law and order situation4.
3.6. Prisons in Awaran

In Awaran there is no district jail, the administration relies only on judicial lock ups and Khuzdar
Jail is used in case of need5.
Interview with an Advocate of Awaran

Interview of Deputy Commissioner
5
Interview of Deputy Commissioner
4
19
4.0
Conflict Management
The existing dynamics of the Balochistan conflict are enforced by some historical perspectives,
post-independence of Pakistan, and post 9/11 events. Many argue that the tribal system is the
cause of conflicts prevailing in various districts of Balochistan. The Tribal system has been
existing in Balochistan for centuries, when the Arab tribes descended upon this territory. The
tribal system has sustained itself either by selling territorial assets to mounting external powers
or exploiting the Baloch people and their sentiments of nationalism.
District Awaran is one of the volatile districts of Baluchistan. Major conflict is due to scarce
resources and a deficient economy which, coupled with development gaps of the past six
decades, have led to anti-state insurgency. General crime is very low; e.g. no road robberies or
thefts. Occasional conflicts/murders occur due to personal enmity. Baluchistan Liberation Front
(BLF) is the major anti-state organization; it has gone weak in the aftermath of the 2013
earthquake when the Army took positions6.
Majority of people in the area are of the Sunni Muslim sect, while the while minority sect include
Zikris. Zikrisgo to Turbat to observe their religious practices. Mullahs are the most influential
individuals in the Zikri community, who are given high regard and considered the most trusted
person to discuss personal problems7.
4.1 Tribal Mapping and Local Economy

The first main tribe in Awaran is Bizanjos. The second main tribe in the area is Mohammed
Hasnis. They live in the valley of Mashkai in the northern part of the district. The third major
tribe in the area is known as Sajdis. The dominant sections of the tribe in the area are Sakazai,
who are of the Scythian origin. The Sajdi were true Balochis but, owing partly to inter-marriage,
gradually amalgamated with the Brahvis. According to local accounts, the Sajdis first appeared
25 generations back, from the North, and established themselves in the Gichk valley near
Panjgur. Though Awaran is predominant tribal society in Balochistan, nonetheless, people do
talk to each other in formal and informal ways. Intermarriages among different communities,
tribes take place which does increase cooperation among the people.
4.2 Conflict Resolution

There are two main methods of conflict resolution in the district; one is official and the other is
traditional. The official system involves the formal judicial system and the unofficial system is
based on the traditional Jirga and Biradri system. The judicial system functions through Civil
and Qazi courts. People file suits in courts to resolve their disputes but since the majority of
people are poor, it is hard for them to bear court fees. People prefer Jirgas to solve their issues
as it is considered reliable and as it consumes less time and bears no cost. People prefer the
Biradri (brotherhood) system, where they take their issues to a senior and influential person of
the community and after a lengthy discussion and debate the disputes are settled8.
To possess arms is part of the tradition and culture of the area. In rural areas, they are
displayed openly. Particularly, the tribal chiefs move with several bodyguards carrying weapons
such as rifles, Kalashnikovs and kalakovs. Carrying weapons reflects their tribal power and
position in the tribe and the society.
4.3 Displacement
As of 11 October, the Balochistan Provincial Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) estimates
at least 30,000 families (200,000 people) have been affected in Awaran, Kech, Kharan,
Panjgur, Washuk and Gwadar districts. Some 50-60 thousand individuals had to abandon their
6
Interview with the Deputy Commissioner

District Development Profile Awaran by Govt of Baluchistan and Unicef, Page 07, 2011
8
District Development Profile Awaran by Govt of Baluchistan and Unicef, Page 07, 2011
7
20

houses in Awaran due to an earthquake in 2013. More than 80 percent of these persons were
displaced to Lasbela. Many national and international organizations including some banned
organizations rescued these people and provided them food, shelter and other necessary
assistance. However, due to the precarious security situation, many organizations could not
come to assist affected people of Awaran. The return of these displaced people has started and
a post-earthquake Housing Project worth Rs. 6 Billion has been launched since June 2014; it
advocates Owner Driven Reconstruction through incremental payment of money grants against
prescribed construction progress. This happens to be the largest ever investment of inclusive
development in Awaran and has been well received by the affected population. As of now, 2000
houses are in active construction (Total Target is 20,000 plus)9.
Work is also in progress on the reconstruction of schools, hospitals and roads but the work
done is either slow or substandard due to lesser commitment/supervision by concerned
departments. The judiciary comprises an Additional Sessions Judge, who prefers to sit at
Khuzdar (a serious issue for the public); supported by a Judicial Magistrate and a Qazi who are
based at Awaran. No prison in Awaran except the one with Police; Levies have a small lock up
arrangement.
4.4 Major Tribes

There is a small Zikri minority in the district while the majority are Sunni Muslims. The tribes in
Awaran are divided into several clans. The Baloch tribes in the district are;
Qambrani
Bizenjo
Mohammed Hasni
Sajdi
Mirwani
Rakhshani
Musiani
Sumanlani
Mengal
About 50 percent of the populations of Awaran are nomads. Most of them depend on the
produce of their flocks. The exceptions are those individuals that own sufficient arable irrigated
land to support themselves. Some people go to Karachi to search for jobs. People also go to
Kech, Gwadar, and Khuzdar in search of Jobs. The people of the Mashkai valley move
toRakhshan and Raghae valleys with their flocks.
Balochistan Earthquake 2013: Assessment Findings & Humanitarian Strategies by UNOCHA
21
5.0
The Role of Women
5.1
Status of Women
The status of the women in Awaran is no different than the rest of the districts of Balochistan.
Men are more dominant in economic and political settings and women have limited civil rights.
The literacy rate among females is a very low 8.4percent due to the fact that they are not
encouraged to pursue further studies, due to cultural practices. Gender based violence in the
district is very common and most of the time, not reported. Women are often denied their rights
of inheritance despite our religious values. The male dominant society prefers the stemming
male value system.
Their activities are limited to domestic affairs only10. In town areas, some families allow their
women to express their opinion in family affairs but to a very limited extent. Women are rarely
allowed to own productive assets such as land or livestock. They are unpaid workers as their
contribution in the field goes uncompensated. Furthermore, their economic contribution is
discounted in most official statistics.
5.2
Role in Politics
There are 10 UCs in District Awaran11. Each UC constitutes a District Council and one member
from each UC is represented. Women representation in UCs is 33 percent whereas the female
representation among workers and peasants is 5 percent.
The registered female voters were 25,360, whereas registered male voters were 40,624 in the
district12. However, during elections, women are discouraged to cast their votes.
5.3
Micro Financing
Agricultural Development Bank of Pakistan (ADBP) primarily focuses on providing cheap loans
to the farmers for agricultural activities. Other Commercial Banks offer micro finance facilities to
small entrepreneurs; however these facilities are not available to women in Awaran District.
5.4
Maternal Health Care
Only 57 percent of women have Tetanus injections, while a significant percentage of women
reported post-natal care, and about 54 percent of women confirmed pre-natal consultation13.
Child delivery at home is reported by 59% households of rural areas. 15 doctors and 3 nurses
are available per every 100,000 population.
5.5
Gender Ratio
The population is characterized by low growth rate (0.4 percent per annum) with 47 percent of
the population under 15 years and one-half (55 percent) is working age (15-64 years). Threefourths (79 percent) of the women of reproductive age (15-49 years) were married, and of
those, 86 percent had children. The gender ratio was clearly lopsided towards male population,
where for every 100 females, there were 123 males.
10
ibid
ibid
12
District Development Profile 2011, Awaran, Planning and Development Department, GOB
13
ibid
11
22
5.6
Literacy Rate
Female literacy rate in the district is about 21 percent as compared with male literacy which
is 59 percent. About 70 percent girls in the 5-9 age group are not attending school,
according to PSLM, 20-12-13.
5.7
Vocational Training
Women in Awaran are involved in home based work such as in embroidery but no Vocational
Training Center exists in the district.
5.8
Womens Employment
There were many women employed in the health and education sector14. Total female teachers
employed in the district were 26 percent. Whereas, pertaining to the health sector, there were 2
doctors, 1 nurse and 6 paramedic staff in the district. Other than that 171 lady health workers
(LHWs), 5 lady health supervisors (LHSs) were employed under the National Program for
Family Planning and Primary Health Care. There were 4 females employed in Agriculture
Sector, 64 in the Health Department, 160 in the Education Department, 2 in Livestock and 8 in
the Works and Services Department.
5.9
Agriculture
In Awaran District, both men and women are involved in the agriculture sector. Farmers usually
involve their families (women and children) at the time of harvesting and sowing of crops. Most
of the tilling is done by men. Wheat is cultivated by men and at the time of harvesting the entire
family helps on the field. Women also participate in the cleaning of food grains and packing of
fruits etc. Women are involved in planting, harvesting and threshing of crops. Women are
considered as unpaid family helpers and are not acknowledged as formal laborers15.
5.10
Livestock
More than 80% of the livestock population comprises of small ruminants16. People prefer small
ruminants as compared to large ruminants in the Awaran District. This may be because of small
scale agricultural activity in the district and availability of fodder. Household women and
children usually look after the small ruminants.
The livestock sector is a major source of producing leather and wool by providing required raw
material such as wool, hides and skin to leather and wool industries17. Wool is collected by
women of the household and sold to intermediaries, who finally send them to other provinces
for industrial use, as no relevant industries exist in the district.
5.11
Violence Against Women
The issues related to women are considered a matter of honor and are brought before the
Jirga, instead of being reported at the police station18. However, there was 1 case of rape and 1
of honor killing reported in 2009. 4 cases of abduction against women were registered during
2008-10, while issues of domestic violence, acid throwing and stove-burning were never
reported. Other assaults against women also take place but they are hardly reported due to the
cultural constraints.
14
ibid
District Development Profile 2011, Awaran, Planning and Development Department, GOB
16
ibid
17
ibid
18
ibid
15
23
6.0
Environmental Analysis
Awaran was previously known as Kolwa. The Awaran district is located in the South of Quetta
City, the provincial capital of Balochistan, sharing its boundaries in the West with Kech,
Panjgur, Washuk and Gwadar Districts in the South. District Lasbela and Khuzdar are in the
East of Awaran while Siahan range is in the North, which marks its boundary between Awaran
and Panjgur.
Area-wise district Awaran is the 4th largest district in Balochistan and has an area of 29,510
square kilometers. Awaran District consists of 3 tehsils and 10 UCs. The location of Awaran is
at 1,095 kilometers south-east of Islamabad.19It was created as a separate district on
11thNovember 1992 and considered the poorest district in the province.
6.1
Climate, Land and Forest
The climate of Awaran is semi-arid: hot in summers and mildly cold in winters, while dust
storms are experienced throughout the year, however they become severe during June and
September. These storms are known as livar in local language. Awaran experiences very
limited rain. The rainy season is mostly during April, May, June, and July, whereas, a little
rainfall is also recorded during December and January. Average rainfall is 48.1 minimum and
maximum average temperature is 28.5C and minimum average temperature is12.7C.
The geographical area of District Awaran is 2,951,000 hectares. The potential area available for
agricultural crop cultivation is 26,213 hectares which is 99percentof the total. There is vast
potential for development which is constrained by the scarcity of water. However, this could be
overcome by efficient conservation of flood water and recharge of existing water resources.
This would increase the cropping area of District Awaran. A total of 2,915 tube wells have been
installed privately.
The district is moderately covered by forest; however, a negligible area has been conserved as
a State Forest or Wildlife Protected Area while the rest is unclassified wasteland (mostly
community owned). Overall naturally occurring vegetation including shrubs, bushes and grass
can aptly be termed as rangeland. These rangelands are substantially contributing to the local
economy of the district as a forage source for their livestock.
6.2
Agriculture and Livestock
District Awaran has two cropping seasons Rabi and Kharif. The major Rabi crop is wheat,
which was grown on 12865 hectares. More than 36 percent of wheat is cultivated in unirrigated conditions. Barley was grown on 11 percent of the area, whereas area under Fodder
and Mutter Pulse remained around 2 percent and 1 percent respectively. . The production of
Wheat crop at 1,511 kilogram per hectare remained the highest produce among all Rabi crops.
It is however not as impressive when compared to the average yield of high yielding Wheat
genotypes of irrigated Wheat in Balochistan, which was at 2.368 kilogram per hectare.
Among major Kharif crops, onions occupied the largest area at 2891 hectares, which was 44
percent of the irrigated area and 39 percent of the total Kharif area followed by fruits having
shared 14 percent of the total Kharif area. The area under vegetables remained at 7 percent.
Major irrigation sources include tube wells (90 percent) and Karezes/Spring (2percent). There
are 2,915 tube wells, all of which have been installed privately20.
Livestock sector is constantly contributing to the economy of the district and province. It not
only provides rich food such as meat, milk, eggs, but also produces essential raw material such
as manure, offal, trotters, hides and skins, wool and blood for various kind of industries. In
19
District Development Profile 2011, Awaran, Planning & Development Department, Government of Balochistan,
Quetta in collaboration with UNICEF, July 2011
20
District Development Profile 2011, Awaran, op. cit.
24

District Awaran, the highest reported population among all the ruminants was 344 thousand of
goats (Livestock Census, 2006).Among the large ruminants, cattle, buffaloes and camels are
found in District Awaran. The cattle are 3.5 percent followed by camels' share of 1.1 percent of
the total livestock in District Awaran21.
6.3
Environmental Hazards
Earthquake, (24th September, 2013): A 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck district Awaran and
Kech in Balochistan on 24th September, 201322. It killed people, destroyed houses and cut
communication with the worst affected areas of Awaran and Kech. According to the initial
assessment report by NRSP, 557 cases of death in Awaran district and 44 cases of death in
Kech district were reported and a large number of injured people were also reported. All
infrastructures including schools, health facilities, mosques, Madrasah and roads, water and
sanitation systems were also damaged completely. People are facing an acute shortage of food
and drinking water, especially children, while the major issue women are facing is that of
adequate shelter.
Earthquake (10th October 2013): According to the Provincial Disaster Management Authority
(PDMA), Balochistan, as of 10th October 2013, 330 persons died in the earthquake that hit
District Awaran. 584 injuries were reported23. Initial Rapid Assessment showed that 160,000
people and 32,000 families were affected in Awaran. Around 90 percent of buildings collapsed
including shops, houses and schools in 8 UCs of the district.
Flash Flooding (10th February 2005): Flash flooding washed away sections of the Makran
Coastal Highway in 2005 which is a major transport link. It also destroyed numerous roads and
bridges24. Telephone and power networks had also been severely disrupted.
Most of the affected areas during the rainy seasons are usually inaccessible for several days.
The affected districts usually are Pasni, Gwadar, Awaran, and Lasbela.
On the night of Thursday 10th February, 2005, Shadi Kaur Dam burst after more than two
weeks of heavy rains. Over 130 casualties were reported. Pasni Township was severely
affected with over 5,500 people trapped in floodwater and many houses were destroyed. Some
40,000 acres of standing crops were completely destroyed.
Early Monsoon Rains: Among many other districts of Balochistan that were reported to be hit
hard by the June cyclone followed by the flash floods; Awaran was one of the most severely
affected districts25. According to the District Nazim of Awaran, Khair Jan Baloch, the District
remained cut off from the rest of the country for 10 days since the entire infrastructure of the
district was flooded by torrential rains, leaving 20 people dead and damaging nearly 3,000
houses.
The local communities had already reached the threshold of food insecurity due to continuous
drought conditions in the district. There were little food /grain resources for those communities.
However, as a result of rains and floods, all the resources had almost perished. Especially
those 1809 households who had lost their houses also lost all of their food resources.
Interestingly, the local communities did not only face difficulties in the availability of food but
they had also lost their utensils to preserve and prepare food for them.
21
District Development Profile 2011, Awaran, op. cit.

ibid
23
Pakistan Emergency Situation Analysis, Earthquake Atlas 2013, Awaran District
24
Provincial Disaster Risk Management Plan, GOB
25
Awaran District, Balochistan Flood Assessment, July 2007, Participatory Development Initiatives (PDI)
22
25

Exhibit 6.3.1
Awaran Flood Assessment
Tehsil
Awaran
Union Council
Affected population
Affected Households
Awaran
1250
315
Teertaj
1030
285
Gishkaur
1038
295
Parwar
1145
311
Gajar
1288
321
Jhaoo Camp
642
145
Korak Jhaoo
619
137
7012
1809
Mashkai
Jhaoo
Total
Source: Awaran District Balochistan Flood Assessment July, 2007 by PDI, www.pdi.org.pk
26
7.0
Social Mobilization
Numerous government and non-government programs and approaches have been used to
promote rural development and poverty alleviation. Among these have been initiatives designed
to build rural infrastructure, mobilize communities, enhance access to rural finance, and provide
a social safety net.
7.1
Role of PPAF
Social mobilization is the primary step of community development for recovery from conflicts
and disasters. It allows people to think about and understand their situation, and to organize
and initiate action for their recovery with their own initiative and creativity. PPAF utilizes social
mobilization as the primary means of supporting rural men and women in their efforts to
alleviate poverty and has therefore facilitated the growth of 644 community based institutions
(COs) in the district with the help of their partner organization, National Rural Support Program
(NRSP), under implementation of PPAF-III.
With the help of NRSP, PPAF has implemented a total of 15 Community Physical Infrastructure (CPI) projects that resulted in 4,584 beneficiaries in the district. PPAF provides
support in the form of loans or grants to partner organizations for approved physical
infrastructure interventions. Identification of the projects is demand driven, and is determined by
the communities through an internal participatory process. For purposes of ownership, it is
mandatory for the communities to share the costs of the project, and also to maintain the
infrastructure provided.
PPAF also facilitated its partner organization, NRSP, to support 7 schools in the district by
providing provision to repair and renovate school buildings, furniture, libraries, science
laboratories, sport equipment and to impart teacher training program. These schools are
catering for more than 253 students.
In socially mobilized communities of the district, PPAF has facilitated Poverty Eradication
Initiatives (PEI), through completing a project in the health sector that is providing health care
services to 16,977 community members. Mainly, PPAF has been providing support to two
models, namely: (a) Establishing community managed health centers, and (b) Strengthening
government health centers, operating them for a period of up to 3 years and handing them back
to the government. The objective of the PPAF health program has been to provide access to
quality basic health services with a special focus on maternal and child health to the poor and
marginalized rural communities by focusing on all aspects required in this regard. These
aspects include hiring of qualified and trained health care staff and paramedics, availability of
proper buildings, standardized equipment, furniture and medicine, and following WHO
guidelines in terms of infection prevention practices.
Through carefully planned interventions, PPAF successfully provided 3,725 trainings and
transferred 910 asset aimed at the ultra-poor and vulnerable in the district with the help of
NRSP. The core objective for these activities is to enhance local capacities for long term
restoration of livelihoods through interventions such as cash for work, grant for work, enterprise
training, training of common interest groups, and skills training.
7.2
Local NGOs
The following local NGOs and Community Social Organization are operating in the district
Awaran:
NRSP
iLEARN
HANDS
Youth Organization
27
7.3
Focus of Donor Community
In order to gain a better understanding of the programmatic focus of the various donor agencies
operating in the area, the following table summarizes various projects operated in different
sectors distinguished by the donor and executing agencies in the district.
Exhibit 7.3.1
Donor Projects
Project Name
Governance Support
Project
Balochistan Education
Support
Sector
Donor
Executing Agency
Governance
Multi-Donor Trust
Fund (MDTF)
GOP Baluchistan
Education
World Bank
GOP Baluchistan
28
8.0
Important Institutions
8.1
Institutions and Stakeholders
The local government institutions are not applicable in the rural areas of District Awaran. Under
BLGA 2010, there are 10 UCs in District Awaran. The UCs constitute a District Council, in
which each UC is represented by one member in the District Council. In addition, there is a
special representation of women (33 percent) and of workers and peasants (5 percent).
There are 10 UCs representatives in the District Council of Awaran, one from each UCs. All
elected chairmen of the Municipal Committees are also members of the District Council. The
District Council is also concerned with rural development activities and functions such as public
works, public health, education, agricultural development and economic welfare, articles of food
and drinking water, drainage, livestock and dairy development, culture and public safety.26
8.2
Financial Institutions in the District
Awaran is probably the poorest district not only in Balochistan but in the entire country. Wheat
is the major crop cultivated in the district. However agricultural production in Awaran is
inadequate. Domestic farmers seek assistance from Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL) that
has its branch in the district. The primary focus of ZTBL is to provide cheap loans to the farmers
for agricultural activities. Other than agriculture there are no major economic activities in the
district which is reflected in the fact that there are just two commercial banks namely National
Bank of Pakistan (NBP) and United Bank Limited (UBL), that are operating in the district. None
of the other commercial banks have their presence in the district. The National Rural Support
Program (NRSP) plays its part in reaching out to the least privileged in the Awaran
District27.whereas nonprofit institutes like Health and Nutrition Development Society (HANDS),
iLearn and Youth Organization are involved in developmental work in the district.
26
District Development Profile 2011, Awaran op. cit.

Rizwi, J. (2012, 06 05). Microfinance credit outreach rises by 7.2pc in first quarter. Retrieved 12 02, 2014, from The
News:http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-3-112413-Microfinance-credit-outreach-rises-by-72pc-in-firstquarter
27
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Situation Analysis & Baseline Surveys For Poverty

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