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Spatial Analysis II-raster2

1) The document describes using GIS tools to analyze forested land parcels within 100 meters of roads and calculate the cost of protecting or purchasing each parcel. 2) Raster data is converted to vector polygons representing individual forest patches, then zonal statistics are used to calculate the area of each patch from the raster data. 3) A new field is added to the attribute table to calculate the total cost of each forest patch based on its area and cost per hectare information from the raster data.

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41 views3 pages

Spatial Analysis II-raster2

1) The document describes using GIS tools to analyze forested land parcels within 100 meters of roads and calculate the cost of protecting or purchasing each parcel. 2) Raster data is converted to vector polygons representing individual forest patches, then zonal statistics are used to calculate the area of each patch from the raster data. 3) A new field is added to the attribute table to calculate the total cost of each forest patch based on its area and cost per hectare information from the raster data.

Uploaded by

sukardi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biology 483: Applications of GIS

Fall 2002

Spatial Analysis II (contd) Page 149

APPLICATIONS OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS):


SPATIAL ANALYSIS II: RASTER (CONTD)
The analysis completed during the last GIS class used the Raster Calculator to
determine the total cost and the cost for forested area in each cost class. Suppose the
community board has determined that it is too expensive to protect all forest parcels that
are within 100 meters of a road. Therefore, they would like to individually examine
parcels and perhaps come to a lower cost plan by selling off some forest land to the
timber companies. If we wish to know the cost of each individual contiguous region of
forest within 100 meters of a road (i.e., the cost for each connected set of forest grid cells
in Forestbuf10m), then further analysis is needed. For this we will convert the grid zones
of interest into polygons to allow us to individually recognize each contiguous unit. This
is the opposite of the "Convert Features to Raster" operation used to create the Forest10m
grid theme from the Land_use shapefile.
? Select "Covert Raster to Features" from the Spatial Analyst drop down menu.
? Select Forestbuf10m as the input raster, Value as the Field and Polygon as the
Output geometry type.
? Save the shapefile as logging in your j:\GIS\griddata\ folder. Click OK.
? Display the Logging layer using "Unique Value" and "Gridcode" for Value Field.
Exclude values of 0 in the Definition Query tab in the Layer Properties window
(GRIDCODE > 0). These are polygons that are not of interest.
This shapefile layer has three classes (GRIDCODE) that correspond to the
different values of Cost_ha. Display the polygons based on their Cost_ha
(GRIDCODE) using unique values and with a clear background, and diagonal fill
pattern of different colors for each class.
? Zoom in and examine how these polygon shapefiles compare to the Forestbuf10m grids
and the original Land_use polygon layer.
The boundaries of the shapefile polygons do not coincide with the boundaries of the
original forest polygons, because of the conversion to a grid and then back to a polygon.
? Open the table for the logging theme.
Because we excluded GRIDCODE = 0, this table has 38 records, one for each forest
polygon within 100 meters of the road. Note that this table does not include fields for
area or perimeter. This is a shapefile layer and it does not include topological data.
? Close the Attributes of Logging table.

Biology 483: Applications of GIS


Fall 2002

Spatial Analysis II (contd) Page 150

We can now use the Logging shapefile layer to define zones based on the individual
polygons or parcels of land (n=38). We can then use these zones and Zonal Statistics
from the Spatial Analyst menu to calculate the number of cells and area contained within
each parcel or polygon. Once we have area of the parcels, we can then calculate the total
cost of that parcel using the field that provides information on the Cost per hectare
(10000, 15000, 20000). Consequently, we want to create a table that provides the parcel
ID, area of that parcel (in square meters), and Cost per hectare.
To do so:
1. Create a new grid that identifies individual polygons (or parcels) based on
their ID values.
2. Use Zonal Statistics to calculate area occupied by each parcel.
3. You may need to Export the zonal statistics table to allow further editing.
4. Add a new field (Total_Cost) and calculate the cost to purchase parcel based
on area and Cost_ha.
? Create a new grid layer from the Logging layer using
Convert features to raster from the Spatial Analyst
menu. Select logging as the Input feature, ID as the
Field, and 10 (meters) as the output cell size. Name the
new grid Forestzone10m.
ID will provide the values for each zone (or
polygon/parcel). We used 10m to match the
cell size of all other layers created in this
document.
Examine the new grid and display using unique values and Value as the field.
Each parcel is drawn as a different color. Hide the legend for the Forestzone10m
grid.
? Determine area and other statistics based on data in Forestbuf10m for each zone
identified by Forestzone10m using Zonal Statistics from the Spatial Analyst menu.
Name the table parcelcost.dbf.
Select Forestzone10m as the Zone dataset, Value as the
Field, and Forestbuf10m as the Value raster.
A new table (parcelcost.dbf) pops open titled Stats of
Forestbuf10mwithin Forestzone10mwhich contains
38 rows, one for each zone (= one for each forest
polygon in Logging), and 13 columns: for Value, Count,
Area, Min, Max, Range, Mean, STD, Sum, Variety,
Majority, Minority, Median. The critical fields for our
analysis are Area and Mean.

Biology 483: Applications of GIS


Fall 2002

Spatial Analysis II (contd) Page 151

Examine the values in the table. Why are most of the values equivalent (e.g., Min, Max,
Mean, Median....)?
? Calculate the total cost to of each contiguous forested area. To do this:
1. Add a new field (long integer) called Total_Cost.
2. Right-click on Total_Cost and select Calculate.
3. Type in the expression to give you the total cost of each parcel (or zone).
Total_Cost = (Area * Mean)/10000
Remember that the area field is in square meters (based on map units) and the
Mean provides data on the Cost per ha. We divide by 10000 because there are
10000 square meters in each hectare.
Note: the sum of these costs should equal the total cost determined earlier ($1,182,500) or
be very close. There may be slight differences that resulted due to conversion from raster
to features and then back again. Use Statistics to determine the sum of the Total_cost
across all parcels (or zones).
? Join parcelcost.dbf to Logging layer and display the cost of purchasing each parcel as
graduate colors using 4 natural breaks. You might want to hide several of the fields that
are not needed to make the table easier to view.
The Attributes of Logging.shp table now contains an approximation of the area
value in dollars for each forest polygon.
? Save the document.
? Exit ArcMAP.

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