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    Sprinkler Systems, Sprinkler Heads. What Are They, How Do They Work

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    Florin Maria Chirila
    Sprinkler systems are made up of networks of pipes in walls and ceilings that contain sprinkler heads. Each sprinkler head contains a fusible link that melts when exposed to heat, allowing water to flow out in a spray pattern to extinguish fires. There are four main types of sprinkler systems - wet, dry, deluge, and pre-action - that differ in how water is supplied to the pipes. Wet pipe systems have water in the pipes at all times while dry pipe systems use pressurized air until a sprinkler activates. Pre-action systems require both smoke detectors and sprinkler activation to release water. Sprinkler systems are highly effective at controlling fires, with over 99% contained before major damage occurs

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    Sprinkler Systems, Sprinkler Heads. What Are They, How Do They Work

    Uploaded by

    Florin Maria Chirila
    160 views2 pages
    Sprinkler systems are made up of networks of pipes in walls and ceilings that contain sprinkler heads. Each sprinkler head contains a fusible link that melts when exposed to heat, allowing water to flow out in a spray pattern to extinguish fires. There are four main types of sprinkler systems - wet, dry, deluge, and pre-action - that differ in how water is supplied to the pipes. Wet pipe systems have water in the pipes at all times while dry pipe systems use pressurized air until a sprinkler activates. Pre-action systems require both smoke detectors and sprinkler activation to release water. Sprinkler systems are highly effective at controlling fires, with over 99% contained before major damage occurs

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    Sprinkler systems are made up of networks of pipes in walls and ceilings that contain sprinkler heads. Each sprinkler head contains a fusible link that melts when exposed to heat, allowing water to flow out in a spray pattern to extinguish fires. There are four main types of sprinkler systems - wet, dry, deluge, and pre-action - that differ in how water is supplied to the pipes. Wet pipe systems have water in the pipes at all times while dry pipe systems use pressurized air until a sprinkler activates. Pre-action systems require both smoke detectors and sprinkler activation to release water. Sprinkler systems are highly effective at controlling fires, with over 99% contained before major damage occurs

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    160 views2 pages

    Sprinkler Systems, Sprinkler Heads. What Are They, How Do They Work

    Uploaded by

    Florin Maria Chirila
    Sprinkler systems are made up of networks of pipes in walls and ceilings that contain sprinkler heads. Each sprinkler head contains a fusible link that melts when exposed to heat, allowing water to flow out in a spray pattern to extinguish fires. There are four main types of sprinkler systems - wet, dry, deluge, and pre-action - that differ in how water is supplied to the pipes. Wet pipe systems have water in the pipes at all times while dry pipe systems use pressurized air until a sprinkler activates. Pre-action systems require both smoke detectors and sprinkler activation to release water. Sprinkler systems are highly effective at controlling fires, with over 99% contained before major damage occurs

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    Student: Chirila Florin

    Sprinkler systems, sprinkler heads. What are they, how do they work.
    As the technology advances, we build more and more big buildings, with large areas, with ceiling
    heights that grows every year. And where we have a great number of people, we need to have a good fire
    protection. Fires in all types of buildings, whether residential or commercial, are extremely common.
    Sometimes the ability of firefighters to put out a fire with water hoses is limited because of different reasons, as
    height, big area, hard access in underground areas, etc. This is why engineers invented the automatic sprinkler
    systems, that provide quick safety without manual human intervention.
    Fire sprinkler systems are heat activated, one sprinkler head at a time. Usually fire requires only one or
    two sprinklers to be extinguished. Sprinklers are equipped with a fusible link that melts when the heat from fire
    hits the sprinkler. When it opens, water flows out in a spray pattern.
    Sprinkler systems are made up of a network of pipes in the walls and ceilings that have sprinkler heads
    providing protection. Usually the pipes are filled with water, under pressure, but there are cases when the pipes
    are filled with pressurized air, to avoid freeze-ups and malfunctions.
    Fire sprinkler systems protect a variety of buildings and property, so we have different types of such
    systems. These include wet, dry, deluge and pre-action.
    The wet pipe system is also the simplest and most reliable. It has water in the pipes in the ambientnormal condition, that is discharged instantly from the sprinkler when it actuates.
    In areas where low temperatures can cause a wet pipe system to freeze, a dry pipe system is used. When
    a sprinkler actuates, the air between valve and sprinkler is released, allowing water to flow into the dry piping
    system.
    Preaction systems and deluge systems require fire detectors. A deluge system uses open sprinklers or
    nozzles, so that all flow water is discharged when the valve actuates. Preaction system have closed heads and
    pipes filled with pressurized air, and works only if both smoke detectors and the sprinkler head actuate, to
    prevent water discharge in cases of a false alarm.
    There are 4 types of sprinkler heads: pendants, uprights, sidewalls and special coverage. Pendant head is
    the most common, it extends down from a ceiling, and sprays water downward onto a deflector. Upright head
    sits on top of the piping and sprays water up towards the deflector. Sidewall head comes out of a wall to protect
    hallways or small rooms, and it has a fan shaped deflector. Special coverage includes dry upright, dry pendant,
    and dry sidewall sprinklers, and also extended coverage sprinkler, that discharge water over larger areas than
    standard sprinklers. This allows to increase the distance between sprinklers. ESFR (Early Suppression Fast
    Response) sprinkler has a quick response element and an extra large orifice that allows greater amounts of water
    to be applied early in the fire development.
    Water damage from a building sprinkler system will be much less severe than the damage caused by
    water from fire fighting hose lines.
    In buildings with fire sprinkler systems, over 99% of fires are stopped before they do more than
    minimal damage.

    Main ideas:
    1. Sprinklers are equipped with a fusible link that melts when the heat from fire hits it, permitting this
    way the water to flow out in a spray pattern.
    2. Sprinkler systems are made up of a network of pipes (usually filled with water) in the walls and
    ceilings that have sprinkler heads for water discharge.
    3. There are four types of sprinkler systems: wet, dry, deluge and pre-action.
    4. The simplest and most reliable system is the wet pipe system, that has water in the pipes which is
    discharged instantly from the sprinkler when it actuates.
    5. The dry pipe system used in low temperatures areas (where the wet pipe system can freeze) have
    pressurized air in pipes, and when a sprinkler actuates, the air between valve and sprinkler is
    released, allowing water to flow out.
    6. Preaction system have closed heads and pipes filled with pressurized air, and works only if both
    smoke detectors and the sprinkler head actuate, to prevent water discharge in cases of a false alarm.
    7. There are 4 types of sprinkler heads: pendants, uprights, sidewalls and special coverage.
    8. Water damage from a sprinkler system in a building is much less severe than the damage caused by
    water from fire fighting hose lines.
    9. Smoke detectors detect a fire early and warning everyone to get out, but the sprinkler system is the
    one that put out the fire.
    10. There are codes and regulations that require the installation of fire sprinkler system in a building.

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    Smoke detectors
    Fire Sprinkler Systems
    Thermal linkage
    Fusible link element
    Glycerin-based liquid
    Fire-resistant plastic
    Pre-action systems
    Heat detector
    Early Suppression Fast Response sprinkler
    Heat-responsive element

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