EXERCISES 2.

1
In Problems 1-8, evaluate the given complex function f at the indicated points.
1. f (z) = 3

(a) 2i

(b) 1 + i

(c) 3 2i

2. f (z) = z 3 + 2z + z

(a) i

(b) 2 i

(c) 1 + 2i

3. f (z) = loge |z| + iArg(z)

(a) i

(b) 4i

(c) 1 + i

4. f (z) = |z|2 2Re(iz) + z

(a) 3 4i

(b) 2 i

(c) 1 + 2i

5. f (z) = (xy x2 ) + i(3x + y)

(a) 3i

(c) 3 5i

6. f (z) = ez

(a) 2 i

(b) 4 + i

(b) i
3

7. f (z) = r + i cos2

8. f (z) = r sin + i cos 2

2

(a) 3

(b) 2

(c) 2 i

(a) 2

(b) 1 + i

(c) 5i

(c) loge 2

5
i
6

In Problems 9-16, find the real and imaginary parts u and v of the given complex function f as functions
of x and y.
9. f (z) = 6z 5 + 9i

10. f (z) = 3z + 2
zi
12. f (z) = z 2 + z2

11. f (z) = z 3 2z + 6
13. f (z) =

z
z+1

14. f (z) = z +

15. f (z) = e2z+i

16. f (z) = ez

1
z

In Problems 17-22, find the real and imaginary parts u and v of the given complex function f as functions
of r and .
17. f (z) = 6z 5 + 9i

18. f (z) = e2z+i

19. f (z) = z 3 2z + 6

20. f (z) = 3z + 2
zi

21. f (z) =

z
z+1

22. f (z) = ez

In Problems 23-26, find the natural domain of the given complex function f .





7
7
11
11
23. z = 5 cos
+ i sin
24. z = 8 2 cos
+ i sin
6
6
4
4





25. z = 6 cos + i sin

26. z = 10 cos + i sin
8
8
5
5
Focus on Concepts
27. Discuss: Do the following define complex functions f (z)? Defend your answer.
(a) arg(z)

(b) Arg(z)

(c) cos(arg(z)) + i sin(arg(z))

(d) z 1/2

(e) |z|

(f ) Re(z)

28. Find the range of each of the following complex functions.

1

(a) arg(z1 z2 ) = arg(z1 ) + arg(z2 )

(b) arg(z2 /z1 ) = arg(z2 ) arg(z1 ).
(c) arg(z2 /z1 ) = arg(z2 ) arg(z1 ).

29. Find the natural domain and the range of each of the following complex functions.
(a) arg(z1 z2 ) = arg(z1 ) + arg(z2 )
(b) arg(z2 /z1 ) = arg(z2 ) arg(z1 ).
(c) arg(z2 /z1 ) = arg(z2 ) arg(z1 ).

30. Discuss: Do the following define complex functions f (z)? Defend your answer.
31. Discuss: Do the following define complex functions f (z)? Defend your answer.
32. Discuss: Do the following define complex functions f (z)? Defend your answer.
(a) arg(z)

(c) cos(arg(z)) + i sin(arg(z))

(b) z 1/2

(d) Re(z)

33. Find the natural domain and the range of each of the following complex functions.
(a) arg(z1 z2 ) = arg(z1 ) + arg(z2 )
(b) arg(z2 /z1 ) = arg(z2 ) arg(z1 ).
(c) arg(z2 /z1 ) = arg(z2 ) arg(z1 ).

34. Discuss: Do the following define complex functions f (z)? Defend your answer.
35. Discuss: Do the following define complex functions f (z)? Defend your answer.
36. Find the natural domain and the range of each of the following complex functions.
(a) arg(z1 z2 ) = arg(z1 ) + arg(z2 )
(b) arg(z2 /z1 ) = arg(z2 ) arg(z1 ).
37. Discuss: Do the following define complex functions f (z)? Defend your answer.
(a) arg(z)

(c) cos(arg(z)) + i sin(arg(z))

(b) z 1/2

(d) Re(z)

38. Discuss: Do the following define complex functions f (z)? Defend your answer.

Answers 2.1
1.(a) 6i
1.(b) 2
1.(c) 39 28i
2.(a)
2.(b)
2.(c)
3.(a) 0
3.(b) loge 4 +
3.(c)

i
2

loge 2 + i
2
4

4.(a)
4.(b)
4.(c)
5.(a)
5.(b)
5.(c)
6.(a)
6.(b)

6.(c) 3 i
7.(a) 3 + i
7.(b) 2

7.(c) 5 + 45 i
8.(a)
8.(b)
8.(c)
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
3

17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24. z = 0, z = 2

25.
26.
27.(a)
27.(b)
27.(c)
27.(d)
27.(e)
27.(f )
28.(a)
28.(b)
28.(c)
29.(a)
29.(b)
29.(c)
30.
31.
32.(a)
32.(b)
32.(c)
32.(d)
33.(a)
33.(b)
33.(c)
34.
35.
36.(a)

36.(b)
37.(a)
37.(b)
37.(c)
37.(d)
38.

Worked Solutions 2.1

1.(a) For f (z) = z 2 z 2i, where z = 2i, we have ...
f (2i) = (2i)2 (2i) 2i
= (4)(2i) 2i
= 8i 2i = 6i

1.(b)
1.(c)
2.(a)
2.(b)
2.(c)
3.(a) For f (z) = loge |z| + iArg(z), where z = 1, we have ...
f (1) = loge |1| + iArg(1)
= loge 1 + i(0)
=0+0=0
3.(b) For f (z) = loge |z| + iArg(z), where z = 4i, we have ...
f (4i) = loge |4i| + iArg(4i)

= loge 4 + i
2

= loge 4 + i
2
3.(c) For f (z) = loge |z| + iArg(z), where z = 1 + i, we have ...
f (1 + i) = loge |1 + i| + iArg(1 + i)


= loge 2 + i
4 
= loge 21/2 + i
4
1

= loge 2 + i
2
4
4.(a)
4.(b)
4.(c)
5.(a)
5.(b)
5.(c)
6.(a)
6.(b)

6.(c) For f (z) = ez , where z = loge 2

5
6 i,

we let x = loge 2 and y = 5

6 . Then for
ez = ex (cos y + i sin y)

we have
f (loge 2

5
6 i)




= eloge 2 cos 5
+ i sin
6
i
h


= 2 23 + i 21

= 3i

5
6



7.(a)
y
For f (z) = r + i cos2 , where z = 3, we have,
by inspection, r = 3 and = 0. Then
f (3) = 3 + i cos2 (1)
2

= 3 + i (cos (1))

z=3

= 3 + i(1)2
=3+i

7.(b)
y
For f (z) = r + i cos2 , where z = 2i, we
have, by inspection, r = 2 and = 2 . Then


f (2i) = 2 + i cos2 2


2
= 2 + i cos 2

= 2 + i(0)2
=2

z = 2i

7.(c)
y

For f (z) = r + i cos2 , where

z = 2 i, we
have, by inspection, r = 5 and = 6 .
Then

f (2 i) = 5 + i cos2 6

2
= 5 + i cos 6

= 5 + i( 25 )2

= 5 + i( 2 5 5 )2

= 5 + 45 i

x
z =2i

8.(a)
8.(b)
8.(c)

9.
f (z) = 6z 5 + 9i

= 6(x + iy) 5 + 9i
= 6x + 6iy 5 + 9i

= 6x 5 + (6y + 9)i
So, u(x, y) = 6x 5 and v(x, y) = 6y + 9.
10.
11.
f (z) = z 3 2z + 6

= (x + iy)3 2(x + iy) + 6

= (x + iy)(x + iy)(x + iy) 2x 2iy + 6

= (x2 + 2ixy y 2 )(x + iy) 2x 2iy + 6

= x3 + ix2 y + 2ix2 y 2xy 2 xy 2 iy 3 2x 2iy + 6

= x3 + 3ix2 y 3xy 2 iy 3 2x 2iy + 6

= x3 + 3xy 2 2x + 6 + (3x2 y y 3 2y)i

So, u(x, y) = x3 + 3xy 2 2x + 6 and v(x, y) = 3x2 y y 3 2y.
12.
13.
f (z) =
=
=
=
=
=

So, u(x, y) =

z
z+1
x iy
x + iy + 1
(x + 1) iy
x iy

(x + 1) + iy (x + 1) iy
x(x + 1) ixy iy(x + 1) y 2
(x + 1)2 (x + 1)iy + iy(x + 1) + y 2
x2 + x ixy ixy iy y 2
(x + 1)2 + y 2
x2 + x y 2 (2xy + y)i
(x + 1)2 + y 2

x2 + x y 2
(2xy + y)
and v(x, y) =
.
2
2
(x + 1) + y
(x + 1)2 + y 2

14.
15.
f (z) = e2z+i
= e2(x+iy)+i
= e[2x+(2y+1)i]
= e2x [cos(2y + 1) + i sin(2y + 1)]
So, u(x, y) = e2x cos(2y + 1) and v(x, y) = e2x sin(2y + 1).
16.
8

17. For f (z) = z, we first note that we can write

z = r(cos + i sin )
= (r cos ) + i(r sin )
Then z = (r cos ) i(r sin ). Therefore, u(r, ) = r cos and v(r, ) = r sin .
18. For f (z) = |z|, we first note that z = r cos + ir sin . Then
p
|z| = (r cos )2 + (r sin )2
p
= r2 cos2 + r2 sin2
q
= r2 (cos2 + sin2 )

= r2 1 = r
Therefore, u(r, ) = r and v(r, ) = 0.
19. For z = r(cos + i sin ), then by de Moivres formula we have z 4 = r4 (cos 4 + i sin 4). Therefore,
u(r, ) = r4 cos 4 and v(r, ) = r4 sin 4.
20.
f (z) = z +

1
z

1
rei
1
= rei + ei
r
= rei +

By Eulers formula, we have ...

1
f (z) = r(cos + i sin ) + (cos i sin )
r 



1
1
= cos r +
+ i sin r
r
r

1
Thus u(r, ) = cos r +
r


1
and v(r, ) = sin r
.
r

21.
f (z) = ez
= ex+iy
= ex eiy

= ex (cos y + i sin y)
= ex cos y + iex sin y

(using Eulers formula for eiy )

Thus, in terms of x and y, we have u(x, y) = ex cos y and v(x, y) = ex sin y. Now, since x =
r cos and y = r sin , then in terms of r and , we have u(r, ) = er cos cos(r sin ) and v(r, ) =
er cos sin(r sin ).
22.
23.

24. Essentially, were looking for values of z that make the denominator z 3 + 4z 2 + z equal 0. That is,
we want to solve
z 3 + 4z 2 + z = 0
for z. This equation then can be factored as
z(z 2 + 4z + 1) = 0,
which immediately gives z = 0 as one such value.
We now look at the remaining quadratic polynomial equation z 2 + 4z + 1 = 0. Then from formula
(6) in Section 1.6, where a = 1, b = 4, and c = 1, we have

1/2
4 + (4)2 4(1)(1)
4 + (12)1/2
4 + 2(3)1/2
=
=
= 2 + (3)1/2
z=
2(1)
2
2

To compute (3)1/2 we use (4) of Section 1.4 with r = 3, = 0, and n = 2, k = 0, k = 1. The two
square roots are:

0 = 3 (cos 0 + i sin 0) = 3 (1 + 0i) = 3

and

3 (cos + i sin ) = 3 (1 + 0i) = 3

Thus, our additional values for z are z = 2 + 3 and z = 2 3.

1 =

25.
26.
27.(a)
27.(b)
27.(c)
27.(d)
27.(e)
27.(f )
28.(a)
28.(b)
28.(c)
29.(a)
29.(b)
29.(c)
30.
31.
32.(a)
32.(b)
32.(c)
32.(d)
33.(a)
10

33.(b)
33.(c)
34.
35.
36.(a)
36.(b)
37.(a)
37.(b)
37.(c)
37.(d)
38.

11