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    Solar System GK Notes in PDF

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    Pintu Kumar
    The solar system consists of the Sun and eight planets that revolve around it, along with asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies. The Sun is at the center and made up primarily of hydrogen and helium. The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The planets can be divided into inner terrestrial planets and outer gas giants. Other components include Pluto (now classified as a dwarf planet), asteroids found between Mars and Jupiter, meteors formed from asteroid collisions, and comets with icy cores and tails.

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    Solar System GK Notes in PDF

    Uploaded by

    Pintu Kumar
    1K views7 pages
    The solar system consists of the Sun and eight planets that revolve around it, along with asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies. The Sun is at the center and made up primarily of hydrogen and helium. The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The planets can be divided into inner terrestrial planets and outer gas giants. Other components include Pluto (now classified as a dwarf planet), asteroids found between Mars and Jupiter, meteors formed from asteroid collisions, and comets with icy cores and tails.

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    The solar system consists of the Sun and eight planets that revolve around it, along with asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies. The Sun is at the center and made up primarily of hydrogen and helium. The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The planets can be divided into inner terrestrial planets and outer gas giants. Other components include Pluto (now classified as a dwarf planet), asteroids found between Mars and Jupiter, meteors formed from asteroid collisions, and comets with icy cores and tails.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views7 pages

    Solar System GK Notes in PDF

    Uploaded by

    Pintu Kumar
    The solar system consists of the Sun and eight planets that revolve around it, along with asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies. The Sun is at the center and made up primarily of hydrogen and helium. The eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The planets can be divided into inner terrestrial planets and outer gas giants. Other components include Pluto (now classified as a dwarf planet), asteroids found between Mars and Jupiter, meteors formed from asteroid collisions, and comets with icy cores and tails.

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    Solar System GK Notes in PDF

    Our little corner of the Universe is called the solar system. Questions on the Solar System funnily turn up
    in both Geography and Science. You can find a few questions on the Solar System in many competitive
    recruitment exams like Railways RRB, SSC CGL, SBI PO, SBI Clerk, IBPS Clerk, and IBPS PO. So understand
    the basics of the Solar System in these GK Notes. You can download this Solar System article for revision
    later.

    The Solar System


    The solar system consists of the Sun and its eight main planets, their satellites, asteroids, comets,
    meteors and other dwarf planets. The Sun is at the one of the two centers of the Solar system and the
    planets revolving around it in elliptical orbits. Let us take a look at some quick facts about the Solar
    System:

    The closest planet to Sun is Mercury and the farthest is Neptune.

    Pluto is a dwarf planet relegated from its status as the ninth planet.

    The eight planets of the solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
    Neptune.

    You can remember the order using the mnemonic: My Very Energetic Mother Just Showed Us
    Night-sky.

    Image source: NASA

    The Sun
    The Sun is the primary source of energy for life on Earth. It is the closest star to the Earth, about 150
    million kilometers from earth. The temperature of the Suns visible surface (photosphere) is about 6000
    degree Celsius. However, the outer layer of Suns atmosphere, known as the Corona, is, on an average,
    about 2 million degree Celsius. The core of the sun is the center, and is about 15 million degree Celsius.
    The Sun is made up of 73% hydrogen and 25% helium. It also has trace amounts of oxygen, carbon, iron
    and other elements. It is classified as a G-Type Main Sequence Star. It is about 4.6 billion years old and
    will continue to shine for another 5 billion years. After that it will grow into a Red Giant and then finally
    end its life as a white dwarf.

    Image source: http://www.wikipedia.com

    The Planets
    There are a total eight planets in the solar system

    The planets are divided in the two groups - Inner planets and Outer planets.
    Inner planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. These are also known as terrestrial planets or rocky
    planets. These are denser and have a shorter periods of revolution.
    Outer planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. These are also known as Gas Giants or Gaseous
    planets. They are big in size and have a longer periods of revolution.
    Jupiter is the biggest planet in the Solar System and Mercury is the smallest.

    Mercury

    Closest planet to the Sun.


    Orbits the Sun the quickest.
    No significant atmosphere.
    Rotation period is longer than its orbital (revolution) period.
    No natural satellites (moons).
    Spacecrafts to Mercury: Mariner 10, MESSENGER, BepiColombo (upcoming).
    Can be seen from the earth only before sunrise and after sunset.

    Venus

    Known as Earths twin.


    Longest rotation period of any planet.
    Rotation period is longer than its orbital (revolution) period.
    Hottest planet in the solar system.
    Dense atmosphere of gases and chemicals including sulphuric acid clouds.
    Revolves around the sun in clockwise manner while most others are revolving in anti-clockwise.
    Second brightest natural object in the night sky (after Moon).
    Can be seen from the earth only before sunrise (Morning Star) and after sunset (Evening Star).
    No natural satellites (moons).
    First planet visited by a spacecraft.
    Spacecrafts to Venus: Mariner 2, Venera 7, Magellan etc.

    Earth

    Only planet in the solar system to be known to support life.


    Has water in all three states liquid, solid and gas.
    Gasses present in the earths atmosphere are Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide etc
    It takes 23 hour 56 minutes 46 seconds to rotate around its axis.
    It takes 365.26 days to revolve around the Sun.
    The Ozone layer present in the Earths atmosphere protects it from the ultra violet rays.
    Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth.

    Mars

    Known as the Red Planet due to presence of iron-rich red soil.


    Despite its red colour, it is cold because it has lost most of its atmosphere.
    Phobos and Deimos are the two moons of Mars.
    Has polar ice caps and traces of sub-terrestrial liquid water has been found.
    Has the largest known volcano (and second tallest mountain) in the solar system Mons Olympus.
    Spacecrafts to Mars: Mariner 4, 2001 Mars Odyssey, Mars Orbiter Mission (India), MAVEN etc.
    Rovers on Mars: Opportunity, Curiosity, Spirit (decommissioned).

    Jupiter

    Largest planet of the solar system.


    Has two and a half times the mass of all other planets put together.
    Has the shortest rotation period.
    A gas giant, primarily composed of hydrogen and helium with no discernible solid surface.
    Has a giant storm (three times the diameter of earth) since 1831 called the Great Red Spot.
    Has a faint ring around it.
    Has 67 moons.
    4 largest moons discovered by Galileo Ganymede (largest moon in the solar system bigger than
    Mercury), Callisto, Io (volcanic), Europa (has water-ice).
    Missions to Jupiter: Galileo, Juno (upcoming).

    Saturn

    Second largest planet in the Solar system.


    Its density is less than the water.
    Has a band of concentric rings revolving around it made up of tiny rocks and pieces of ice.
    Has 62 moons.
    Moons of Saturn: Titan is the largest (has a major atmosphere, complex organic chemistry and ICE
    VOLCANOES), Rhea (may have its own ring system), Enceladus.
    Missions to Saturn: Cassini-Huygens.

    Uranus

    Discovered by Sir William Herschel.


    Blue-green (cyan) in colour.
    Third biggest planet of the solar system.
    Composed of Hydrogen, Helium, Water, Ammonia, Methane.
    It is tilted sideways so that its poles lie where most other planets have their equators.
    Has faint rings.
    Has 27 known moons (5 main Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon).
    Spacecraft Flyby: Voyager 2.

    Neptune

    Discovered by mathematical predictions and disturbances in Uranus orbit.


    First proposed by Alexis Bouvard, and first observed by Johann Galle.
    Farthest planet from the Sun.
    Primarily composed of hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, water, ammonia, methane.
    Is blue in colour because of methane.
    Has a storm called Great Dark Spot.
    Has 14 known moons (Triton largest)
    Spacecraft Flyby: Voyager 2.

    Pluto

    Used to be the ninth planet.


    Demoted to status of Dwarf Planet.
    Icy and cold.
    Has five moons Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, Hydra.

    Asteroids

    Almost like planets but smaller in size.


    Not spherical in appearance.
    Revolve around the Sun.
    Most of them are found in a belt between Mars and Jupiter.
    The largest asteroid in the Asteroid Belt is Ceres.

    Meteorites

    Meteoroids are formed due to the collisions between asteroids.


    They are fragments of rocks floating about in space.
    Sometimes they come across earth and fall into the earths atmosphere. Thats when they become
    meteors or shooting stars.
    Most of these meteors cant reach earths surface and burn up in the atmosphere due to the friction
    with air.
    The meteors that do reach the earths surface are known as meteorites.

    Comets

    Tiny icy and rocky bodies that travel in highly elliptical orbits around the sun.
    When they pass close to the sun, they water and gases heat up.
    This leads to the formation of a tail behind the rocky core in the direction opposite to the sun.
    Most famous comet is Halleys Comet which reappears every 75-76 years.
    Last appeared: 1986. Next appearance: 2061.

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