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Logical Link Control

The document discusses the logical link control layer which provides multiplexing and allows different network protocols to coexist on the same network. It describes how LLC works and provides flow control and error management. Examples of how LLC is used in different network standards and technologies are also provided.

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Biswajit Mohanty
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65 views

Logical Link Control

The document discusses the logical link control layer which provides multiplexing and allows different network protocols to coexist on the same network. It describes how LLC works and provides flow control and error management. Examples of how LLC is used in different network standards and technologies are also provided.

Uploaded by

Biswajit Mohanty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7/31/2016

LogicallinkcontrolWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Logicallinkcontrol
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

IntheIEEE802referencemodelofcomputernetworking,thelogicallinkcontrol(LLC)datacommunication
protocollayeristheuppersublayerofthedatalinklayer(layer2)ofthesevenlayerOSImodel.TheLLCsublayer
providesmultiplexingmechanismsthatmakeitpossibleforseveralnetworkprotocols(IP,IPX,Decnetand
Appletalk)tocoexistwithinamultipointnetworkandtobetransportedoverthesamenetworkmedium.Itcanalso
provideflowcontrolandautomaticrepeatrequest(ARQ)errormanagementmechanisms.
TheLLCsublayeractsasaninterfacebetweenthemediaaccesscontrol(MAC)sublayerandthenetworklayer.

Contents
1 Operation
2 Applicationexamples
2.1 X.25andLAPB
2.2 Localareanetwork(LAN)andmetropolitanareanetwork(MAN)protocols
2.2.1 Ethernet
2.2.2 WirelessLAN
2.3 HDLC
2.4 PPPandmodems
2.5 Cellularsystems
2.6 Powerlines
3 Seealso

Operation
TheLLCsublayerisprimarilyconcernedwith:
MultiplexingprotocolstransmittedovertheMAClayer(whentransmitting)anddecodingthem(when
receiving).
Providingnodetonodeflowanderrorcontrol
Intoday'snetworks,flowcontrolanderrormanagementistypicallytakencareofbyatransportlayerprotocol
suchasTCP,orbysomeapplicationlayerprotocol,inanendtoendfashion,i.e.retransmissionisdonefrom
sourcetoenddestination.ThisimpliesthattheneedforLLCsublayerflowcontrolanderrormanagementhas
reduced.LLCisconsequentlyonlyamultiplexingfeatureintoday'slinklayerprotocols.AnLLCheadertellsthe
datalinklayerwhattodowithapacketonceaframeisreceived.Itworkslikethis:Ahostwillreceiveaframeand
lookintheLLCheadertofindouttowhatprotocolstackthepacketisdestinedforexample,theIPprotocolat
thenetworklayerorIPX.However,todaymostnonIPnetworkprotocolsareabandoned.

Applicationexamples
X.25andLAPB

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7/31/2016

LogicallinkcontrolWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

AnLLCsublayerwasakeycomponentinearlypacketswitchingnetworkssuchasX.25networkswiththeLAPB
datalinklayerprotocol,whereflowcontrolanderrormanagementwerecarriedoutinanodetonodefashion,
meaningthatifanerrorwasdetectedinaframe,theframewasretransmittedfromoneswitchtonextinstead.This
extensivehandshakingbetweenthenodesmadethenetworksslow.

Localareanetwork(LAN)andmetropolitanareanetwork(MAN)protocols
TheIEEE802.2standardspecifiestheLLCsublayerforallIEEE802localareanetworks,suchasIEEE
802.3/Ethernet(iftheEtherTypefieldisnotused),IEEE802.5,andIEEE802.11.IEEE802.2isalsousedinsome
nonIEEE802networkssuchasFDDI.
Ethernet
Sincebiterrorsareveryrareinwirednetworks,Ethernetdoesnotprovideflowcontrolorautomaticrepeatrequest
(ARQ),meaningthatincorrectpacketsaredetectedbutonlycancelled,notretransmitted(exceptincaseof
collisionsdetectedbytheCSMA/CDMAClayerprotocol).Instead,retransmissionsrelyonhigherlayerprotocols.
AstheEtherTypeinanEthernetframeusingEthernetIIframingisusedtomultiplexdifferentprotocolsontopof
theEthernetMACheaderitcanbeseenasanLLCidentifier.However,EthernetframeslackinganEtherTypehave
noLLCidentifierintheEthernetheader,and,instead,useanIEEE802.2LLCheaderaftertheEthernetheaderto
providetheprotocolmultiplexingfunction.
WirelessLAN
Inwirelesscommunications,biterrorsareverycommon.InwirelessnetworkssuchasIEEE802.11,flowcontrol
anderrormanagementispartoftheCSMA/CAMACprotocol,andnotpartoftheLLClayer.TheLLCsublayer
followstheIEEE802.2standard.

HDLC
SomenonIEEE802protocolscanbethoughtofasbeingsplitintoMACandLLClayers.Forexample,while
HDLCspecifiesbothMACfunctions(framingofpackets)andLLCfunctions(protocolmultiplexing,flowcontrol,
detection,anderrorcontrolthrougharetransmissionofdroppedpacketswhenindicated),someprotocolssuchas
CiscoHDLCcanuseHDLClikepacketframingandtheirownLLCprotocol.

PPPandmodems
Overtelephonenetworkmodems,PPPlinklayerprotocolscanbeconsideredasaLLCprotocol,providing
multiplexing,butitdoesnotprovideflowcontrolanderrormanagement.Inatelephonenetwork,biterrorsmight
becommon,meaningthaterrormanagementiscrucial,butthatistodayprovidedbymodernprotocols.Today's
modemprotocolshaveinheritedLLCfeaturesfromtheolderLAPMlinklayerprotocol,madeformodem
communicationinoldX.25networks.

Cellularsystems
TheGPRSLLClayeralsodoescipheringanddecipheringofSNPDU(SNDCP)packets.

Powerlines

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LogicallinkcontrolWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

AnotherexampleofadatalinklayerwhichissplitbetweenLLC(forflowanderrorcontrol)andMAC(for
multipleaccess)istheITUTG.hnstandard,whichprovideshighspeedlocalareanetworkingoverexistinghome
wiring(powerlines,phonelinesandcoaxialcables).

Seealso
VirtualCircuitMultiplexing(VCMUX)
SubnetworkAccessProtocol(SNAP)
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