1.

INTRODUCTION
A fixture is a device for locating, holding and supporting a work piece during manufacturing
operation. Fixtures are essential elements of production processes as they are required in most of
the automated manufacturing, inspection, and assembly operations. Fixtures must correctly locate
a work piece in a given orientation with respect to a cutting tool or measuring device, or with
respect to another component, as for instance in assembly or welding. Such location must be
invariant in the sense that the devices must clamp and secure the work piece in that location for
the particular processing operation. Fixtures are normally designed for a definite operation to
process a specific work piece and are designed and manufactured individually. Fixtures are widely
used in large batch production to ensure the easy setup and achieving the desired accuracy. Fixtures
vary in design from relatively simple tools to expensive complicated devices. Fixtures also help to
simplify metalworking operations performed on special equipment. It can be used in a variety of
machine tools such as Lathe, Milling, Grinding, etc., though the milling fixtures are the most
widely used in view of the complex requirements for the milling operation. Fixture design has
received considerable attention in recent years.
During manufacturing operations such as machining, inspection and assembly, Fixtures
provide a means to reference and align the cutting tool to the work piece but they do not guide the
tool. Fixtures that have the added function of guiding the tool during manufacturing processes are
called jigs. Fixtures have direct impact upon product quality, productivity and cost. Fixture devices
includes Various standard clamps, chucks, and vises, Metal plates containing dowel and/or tapped
locating holes or key slots and dedicated fixtures with specific design and build requirements.
For Complex part; Locators, Clamps, Supports and tooling parameters are key
concepts while making the design of fixture. Preliminary analysis may take from a few hours up
to several days for complicated fixture designs.
1.1 Types of Fixtures
Generally Fixtures are categorized into five groups:

Plate Fixtures
Angle Plate Fixtures
Vise-Jaw Fixtures
Indexing Fixtures
Multi-Part or Multi-Station Fixtures

1.1.1 Plate Fixtures

Plate fixtures are constructed from a plate with a variety of locators, supports and clamps. They
are the most common type of fixture because their versatility makes them adaptable to a wide
range of machine tools. They are made from many different kinds of materials, which are governed
only by the part being machined and the process being performed.
1.1.2 Vise-Jaw Fixtures
Vise-jaw fixtures are modified inserts for vises designed to accommodate a particular work piece.
These fixtures are the least expensive and simplest to modify. The only limitations to these types
of fixtures are size of the part and capacities of available vises.
1

1.1.3 Indexing Fixtures

Indexing fixtures are used to reference work pieces that need machining details set at prescribed
spacing. Indexing fixtures must have a positive means to accurately locate and maintain the
indexed position of the part.
1.1.4 Multi-Part or Multi-Station Fixtures
Multi-part or multi-station fixtures are normally used for either machining multiple parts in a
single setup, or machining individual parts in sequence with the performing different operations
at each station.
1.1.5 Milling Fixtures
Milling fixtures are the most common type of fixture. It includes standard vises and clamps.
However, as the work piece size, shape and complexity becomes more sophisticated so does the
fixture. Tombstones, which are commonly used on horizontal machining centers, come in a wide
variety of configurations to hold multiple parts on up to four sides of the fixture. The t-slots of the
machine table are standardized in size and spacing and are the primary used for holding work and
fixture devices for machining. Fixtures are typically mounted to the table with a variety of
accessories like clamps, jacks, t-slot bolts, straps and nuts.
1.1.6 Lathe Fixtures
The same basic design principles that apply to milling fixtures also apply to lathe, or turning,
fixtures, with one major difference. In most milling operations, the cutting tool rotates during
machining, while with turning the part rotates. This situation creates another condition the tool
designer must deal with - centrifugal, or rotational, force. Work holding devices include two to six
jaw chucks and collets of varying shapes and diameters. Work may also be held between the head
and tail stock of the lathe or between centers.
1.1.7 Grinding Fixtures
Grinding fixtures are comes with the family of fixtures rather than a single form. The two major
types of grinding fixtures are available for surface grinding and cylindrical grinding. The magnetic
table is the preferred work holding device on surface grinders. Cylindrical grinding is usually a
secondary operation after turning. Often the same center holes used for between centers turning
may be used for grinding the part. In this case, the friction is more as compared to other processes,
so fixture design must allow for coolant flow and swarf removal. If not built into the grinding
machine itself, the fixture design should include wheel dressing capability as well.
1.1.8 Broaching Fixtures
Broaching fixtures hold and locate the part in relation to the broaching tool. Internal and external
broaching are available with the different approaches to their respective designs. Internal
broaching requires less clamping because the process tends to keep the part firmly seated on the
fixture whereas external broaching requires resistance to both pull and push forces that are exerted
on the part, requiring more sophisticated fixtures.

Fixture design plays an important role at the setup planning phase. Proper fixture design
is crucial for developing product quality in different terms of accuracy, surface finish and precision
of the machined parts In existing design the fixture set up is done manually, so the aim of this
project is to replace with hydraulic fixture to save time for loading and unloading of component.
Hydraulic fixture provides the manufacturer for flexibility in holding forces and to optimize design
for machine operation as well as process functional ability.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
A research has been done in the past to solve the problems. In the paper of modular fixture
machining process a model of modular fixture setup relative to cutting forces is proposed, planned
and assembled. Positioning is discussed and the best solution is offered. Tool movements influence
the final quality of work piece, and fixture influences tool movements. An example is presented as
a possible solution. Modular elements make jigs and fixtures elements interchangeable and
reusable, their design then becomes a task of selecting and assembling the proper elements
together. Primary criterion used for grouping the manufacturing features to form setups is usually
tool approach direction. For load/unload, for pin placements etc. tool carries the main forces that
later form the final shape of the work-piece.
The paper of machining fixture design presents development of an expert system for
machining fixture design. System provides new fixture construction design for specified input
parameters on the basis of adequate production guidelines. Paper provides applied methodology,
basic structure, specific systems, segments review, and example of systems implementation in
industrial production. In closing, there are conclusions, developed systems advantages and
disadvantages, and directions for future research.
Iain Boyle , Yiming Rong and David C.Brown has stated that modern market consumers demands
for variety. For giving variety to consumers, manufactures need more practices about the
flexibility. For sufficient flexibility in manufacturing, rapid product development is required. With
the fixtures, this development can fulfills with the use of computer aided fixture design (CAFD)
tools and approaches. The authors have reviewed over seventy-five tools and approaches with the
consideration of fixture. As per authors thinking, there are primarily two research issues required
for further effort. First is, Current CAFD research is segment in nature and it used to provide more
cohesive fixture design. Second is, a greater focus is required while the detailed design of
supporting fixtures
Nicholas Amaral [6] develop a method for modeling workpiece boundary conditions and applied
loads during a machining process, optimize support locations, using finite element analysis (FEA)
and analyses modular fixture tool contact area deformation. The workpiece boundary conditions
are defined by locators and clamps. To constrain using linear spring-gap elements the locators are
placed in a 3-2-1 fixture configuration and modeled using all degrees of freedom of the workpiece.
To model cutting forces during drilling and milling machining operations, the workpiece is loaded.
Fixture design integrity is verified. To develop an algorithm to automatically optimize fixture
support and clamp locations. To minimize deformation in workpiece, subsequently increasing
machining accuracy ANSYS parametric design language code is used. Unnecessary and
uneconomical trial and error experimentation on the shop floor is eliminated by implementing
FEA in a computer-aided-fixture-design environment.

To reduce the lead-time and cost of product development in fixture design field,
automation and computerization of fixture design are required. Therefore, CAFD has been
developed and used as a part of computer aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) integration
[4]. Even though several innovative CAFD approaches have been employed, fixture design still
remains a central bottleneck in improving of current manufacturing process [2]. Various
approaches have been attempted in fixture design, i.e. Case Based Reasoning (CBR), Rule-based
expert system, Genetic Algorithm (GA), Multi-agent Approach, Machine Learning, Geometric
Analysis, etc.[5].
Fixture design is mostly based on experience, capability and knowledge of fixture design
engineers and there is not any throughout theoretical method to support the whole process. On the
other hand, the industrial environment still seeks automated fixture design systems. According to
these reasons, intelligent optimization techniques, which are theoretical and numerical based such
as GA and Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA), combined with Finite Element Method (FEM) have
been employed in CAFD field. They have been mostly used to automate some micro steps of
fixture design. And finally, these micro-steps can be integrated with each other or with the other
existing methods to arrive at automated fixture design systems. Based on this industrial demand,
we try to clarify applications, position, strengths and weaknesses of these techniques in fixture
design systems in this paper.
This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes significances of CAFD and
requirements. Section 3 is to classify fixture design systems based on degree of automations and
some of significant works for clearness.
Next section is devoted to optimization techniques regarding criteria, applications and
so on. Final section contains some conclusions about gaps as well as some future trends in fixture
design field and specifically in optimization techniques based methods. The value of this paper is
to provide an in-depth review and critique of current optimization approaches in CAFD. Besides,
it clarifies the classification of fixture design systems based on degree of automation, which can
give a better understanding of fixture design studies a well as future trends in this field.

3. Description
Steps of fixture design
Successful fixture designs begin with a logical and systematic plan. With a complete
analysis of the fixture's functional requirements, very few design problems occur. When they do,
chances are some design requirements were forgotten or underestimated. The workpiece,
processing, tooling and available machine tools may affect the extent of planning needed.
Preliminary analysis may take from a few hours up to several days for more complicated fixture
designs. Fixture design is a fivestep problem-solving process. The following is a detailed analysis
of each step.
Step 1: Design Requirements
To initiate the fixture-design process, clearly state the problem to be solved or needs to be met.
State these requirements as broadly as possible, but specifically enough to define the scope of the
design project. The designer should ask some basic questions: Is the new tooling required for firsttime production or to improve existing production?
Step 2: Gather/Analyze Information
Collect all relevant data and assemble it for evaluation. The main sources of information are the
part print, process sheets, and machine specifications. Make sure that part documents and records
are current. For example, verify that the shop print is the current revision, and the processing
information is up-to-date. Check with the design department for pending part revisions. An
important part of the evaluation process is note taking. Complete, accurate notes allow designers
to record important information. With these notes, they should be able to fill in all items on the
"Checklist for Design Considerations." All ideas, thoughts, observations, and any other data about
the part or fixture are then available for later reference. It is always better to have too many ideas
about a particular design than too few. Four categories of design considerations need to be taken
into account at this time: workpiece specifications, operation variables, availability of equipment,
and personnel. These categories, while separately covered here, are actually interdependent. Each
is an integral part of the evaluation phase and must be thoroughly thought out before beginning
the fixture design.
Step 3: Develop Several Options
This phase of the fixture-design process requires the most creativity. A typical workpiece can be
located and clamped several different ways. The natural tendency is to think of one solution, then
develop and refine it while blocking out other, perhaps better solutions. A designer should
brainstorm for several good tooling alternatives, not just choose one path right away. During this
phase, the designer's goal should be adding options, not discarding them. In the interest of
economy, alternative designs should be developed only far enough to make sure they are feasible
and to do a cost estimate. The designer usually starts with at least three options: permanent,
modular, and general-purpose workholding. Each of these options has many clamping and locating
options of its own. The more standard locating and clamping devices that a designer is familiar
with, the more creative he can be. Areas for locating a part include flat exterior surfaces (machined
and unmachined), cylindrical and curved exterior surfaces. The exact procedure used to construct
the preliminary design sketches is not as important as the items sketched. Generally, the
preliminary sketch should start should start with the part to be fixtured.
6

The required locating and supporting elements, including a base, should be the next items added.
Then sketch the clamping devices. Finally, add the machine tool and cutting tools. Sketching these
items together helps identify any problem areas in the design of the complete fixture.
Step 4: Choose the Best Option
The total cost to manufacture a part is the sum of per-piece run cost, setup cost, and tooling cost.
Expressed as a formula:

These variables are described below with sample values from three tooling options: a modular
fixture, a permanent fixture, and a hydraulically powered permanent fixture.
Step 5: Implement the Design
The final phase of the fixture-design process consists of turning the chosen design approach into
reality. Final details are decided, final drawings are made, and the tooling is built and tested. The
following guidelines should be considered during the final-design process to make the fixture less
costly while improving its efficiency. These rules are a mix of practical considerations, sound
design practices, and common sense [9].
I. Use standard components:
The economies of standard parts apply to tooling components as well as to manufactured products.
Standard, readily available components include clamps, locators, supports, studs, nuts, pins and a
host of other elements. Most designers would never think of having the shop make cap screws,
bolts or nuts for a fixture. Likewise, no standard tooling components should be made in-house.
The first rule of economic design is: Never build any component you can buy. Commercially
available tooling components are manufactured in large quantities for much greater economy. In
most cases, the cost of buying a component is less than 20% of the cost of making it.
Labor is usually the greatest cost element in the building of any fixture. Standard tooling
components are one way to cut labor costs. Browse through catalogs and magazines to find new
products and application ideas to make designs simpler and less expensive.
II.
Use prefinished materials:
Prefinished and preformed materials should be used where possible to lower costs and simplify
construction. These materials include precision-ground flat stock, drill rod, structural sections, cast
tooling sections, precast tooling bodies, tooling plates, and other standard preformed materials.
Including these materials in a design both reduces the design time and lowers the labor cost.
III.
Eliminate finishing operations:
Finishing operations should never be performed for cosmetic purposes. Making a fixture look
better often can double its cost. Here are a few suggestions to keep in mind with regard to finishing
operations.

IV.
Keep tolerances as liberal as possible:
The most cost-effective tooling tolerance for a locator is approximately 30% to 50% of the
workpiece's tolerance. Tighter tolerances normally add extra cost to the tooling with little benefit
to the process. Where necessary, tighter tolerances can be used, but tighter tolerances do not
necessarily result in a better fixture, only a more expensive one.
IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS WHILE DESIGNING FIXTURES.
Designing of jigs and fixtures depends upon so many factors. These factors are analyzed to get
design inputs for fixtures. The list of such factors is mentioned below :
a.

Study of workpiece and finished component size and geometry.

b. Type
c.

and capacity of the machine, its extent of automation.

Provision of locating devices in the machine.

d. Available

clamping arrangements in the machine.

e.

Available indexing devices, their accuracy.

f.

Evaluation of variability in the performance results of the machine.

g. Rigidity and
h. Study of
i.

of the machine tool under consideration.

ejecting devices, safety devices, etc.

Required level of the accuracy in the work and quality to be produced.

MEANING OF LOCATION
The location refers to the establishment of a desired relationship between the workpiece and
the jigs or fixture correctness of location directly influences the accuracy of the finished product.
The jigs and fixtures are desired so that all undesirable movements of the workpiece can be
restricted. Determination of the locating points and clamping of the workpiece serve to restrict
movements of the component in any direction, while setting it in a particular pre-decided position
relative to the jig. Before deciding the locating points it is advisable to find out the all possible
degrees of freedom of the workpiece. Then some of the degrees of freedom or all of them are
restrained by making suitable arrangements. These arrangements are called locators. These are
described in details below[11]:
PRINCIPLES OF LOCATIONS:
The principle of location is being discussed here with the help of a most popular example which
is available in any of the book covering jigs and fixtures. It is important that one should understand
the problem first. Any rectangular body many have three axis along x-axis, y-axis and z-axis. It
can more along any of these axes or any of its movement can be released to these three axes. At
the same time the body can also rotate about these axes too. So total degree of freedom of the body
along which it can move is six. For processing the body it is required to restrain all the degree of
8

freedom (DOF) by arranging suitable locating points and then clamping it in a fixed and required
position. The basic principle used to locate the points is desirable below. Six Points Location of a
Rectangular Block. It is made to rest on several points on the jig body. Provide a rest to workpiece
on three points on the bottom x-y surface. This will stop the movement along z-axis, rotation with
respect to x-axis and y-axis. Supporting it on the three points is considered as better support then
one point or two points. Rest the workpiece on two points of side surface (x-z), this will fix the
movement of workpiece along y-axis and rotation with respect to z-axis. Provide a support at one
point of the adjacent surface (y-z) that will fix other remaining free movements. This principle of
location of fixing points on the workpiece is also named as 3-2-1 principle of fixture design as
numbers of points selected at different faces of the workpiece are 3, 2 and 1 respectively. If the
operation to be done on the cylindrical object requires restriction of the above mentioned free
movements also than some more locating provisions must also be incorporated in addition to use
of the Vee block. Guohua Qin[1] focuses on the fixture clamping sequence. It consists of two parts:
For the first time he evaluated varying contact forces and workpiece position errors in
each clamping step by solving a nonlinear mathematical programming problem. This is done by
minimizing the total complementary energy of the workpiece-fixture system. The prediction
proves to be rigorous and reasonable after comparing with experimental data and referenced
results.
The optimal clamping sequence is identified based on the deflections of the workpiece
and minimum position error. Finally, To predict the contact forces and to optimize the clamping
sequence three examples are discussed.

Fig. 1 Scheme of 3-2-1 fixture setup [1].

First mathematical modeling for clamping sequence is done then he determined the contact forces
in clamping sequence as shown in fig. 1. After that he optimized of clamping sequence for higher
stiffness workpiece and low stiffness workpiece. He found that with the use of optimal clamping
sequence, good agreements are achieved between predicted results and experimental data and the
workpiece machining quality can be improved .

For a fixture designer, the major portion of design time is spent deciding how to locate the work
piece in the fixture. You know that any free body has a total of twelve degrees of freedom as
below:
6 translational degrees of freedom: +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z
And 6 rotational degrees of freedom:
- Clockwise

around X axis (CROT-X)

- Anticlockwise around
- Anticlockwise around
- Clockwise

X axis (ACROT-X) - Clockwise around Y axis (CROT-Y)

Y axis (ACROT-Y)

around Z axis (CROT-Z)

- Anticlockwise around

Z axis (ACROT-Z)

You must fix all the 12 degrees of freedom except the three transitional degrees of freedom (-X, Y and -Z) in order to locate the work piece in the fixture. So, 9 degrees of freedom of the work
piece need to be fixed. But, how? By using the 3-2-1 method as shown below in fig. 2 :

Fig. 2 Available Degree of Freedom of Rectangular Block[11]

Now, rest the work piece at two points of side surface (XZ), and you will be able to fix the +Y and
ACROT-Z degrees of freedom. Now, rest the work piece at one point of the adjacent surface
(YZ), and you will be able to fix the +X and CROT-Z degrees of freedom. So, you can
successfully fixate 9 required degrees of freedom by using the 3-2-1 principle of fixture design.

10

4. PROBLEM FORMULATION
The major reasons for low production of the components are as follows:

Improper holding of component in the lathe fixture is a major cause of rejection.

Low production due to high ideal time (i.e. job setting time, tool changing time).

ANALYSIS FOR FIXTURE DESIGN

C.R. Gagg[1] concluded that manufacturing necessitates the transformation of raw materials from
their initial form into finished, functional products. This change was achieved by a variety of
processes, each of which was designed to perform a specific function in the transformation process.
Pankaj Jalote[2] described the whenwhohow approach for analyzing defect data to gain a better
understanding of the quality control process and identify improvement opportunities. J. Zackrisson
[3] focused on the effectiveness of the on-line quality control in the low scale industries. The basis
of the study was manufacturing process of trams. The result indicates that the quality control
program demands a solid base to be effective from the beginning of its implementation. Michael
Yu Wang [4] presented an analysis describing the impact of localization source errors on the
potential datum-related geometric errors of machined features. A. Y. C. Nee and A. Senthil Kumar
[5] determined that automation of the fixture design process can be accomplished with the use of
solid modeler, an object/ rule based expert system and a feature recognizer coupled with external
analysis routines. X Dong et al. [6] investigated the use of features in the domain of fixture design.
They developed a method to describe a machined part, intermediate work piece geometry and
material properties, machined features and their intermediate states. Hiroshi Sakural [7] developed
an automatic setup planning and fixture design system. Algorithmic and heuristic methods were
developed to synthesize and analyze setup plan and fixture configurations. E.C. DeMeter [8] used
total restraint analysis to evaluate the ability of a machining fixture to restrain work piece motion.
He explained how to apply restrain analysis to a fixture which relies on frictionless or frictional
surface contact Shyr-Long Jeng et al. [9] described the minimum clamping forces that keep the
work piece stable during the metal cutting process. Ajay Joneja and Tien-Chien Chang [10]
developed a system that attempted to perform setup planning, fixture planning, unit design and
verification. Verification is limited to ensuring that stability of the work piece is achieved. Y.F.
Wang et al. [11] Developed an intelligent fixturing system (IFS) for machining and presented the
concept, architecture, control scheme, models and methodologies for IFS. A. Senthil Kumar et al.
[12] Used a GA/neural network approach to conceptually design complete fixture units. S.
Kashyap and W.R. DeVries [13] concerned with minimizing deformation of the work piece due
to machining loads about fixturing support positions, especially in thin castings. Kulankara
Krishnakumar and Shreyes N. Melkote [14] employed a GA approach to determine an optimal
fixture plan layout i.e. the optimal locating and clamping points such that the deformation
as a result of clamping and machining forces was minimized. A. Senthil Kumar et al. [15]
Discussed a methodology to capture fixture design rules using the induction process.

11

CONCLUSION OF ANALYSIS
From the present analysis, it can be concluded that process changes could result in great
improvements in quality and productivity. Fixture forms an important factor in traditional and
modern manufacturing systems since fixture design directly affects manufacturing quality and
productivity. Traditionally, fixtures were designed by trial and error, which was expensive and
time consuming. But now, research in flexible fixture and Computer-Aided-FixtureDesign
(CAFD) has significantly reduced manufacturing lead-time and cost. Typically, fixture design
involves the identification of clamp, locator, support points and the selection of corresponding
fixture elements for their respective functions. Fixture design configuration can be separated into
three phases:
Description of design requirements
Fixture analysis

Fixture synthesis

12

5. METHODOLOGY
The methodology adopted for present work was as follows:
Studying the existing manufacturing process of Aluminum Mixing Tube
Study of Existing fixture
Fixture Modification
5.1 Existing Manufacturing Process:

OPERATION
NO.
1

DESCRIPTION

Facing, Outer Diameter

Facing Inner Diameter

Outer Turning

Unclamping

Polishing Outer Face

Setting of work piece on fixture

5.2 Study of Existing Fixture

The Company was using a three jaw chuck as a fixture. This fixture was very simple and any lay
man can operate this fixture. Also the repair was very less. Only disadvantage of this fixture for
aluminum mixing tube was that the clamping of the component on this fixture was through jaws
of the universal chuck and a leveling bolt i.e. fastened into the chuck for leveling. It was a time
consumable process as it took more time for clamping and unclamping

13

.
Fig 3: Three jaw chuck

5.3 Fixture Modification

A careful study of cause and effect diagram reveals that the main cause of low production was
high setting up time of aluminum mixing tube on lathe machine and high tool changing time during
machining operations. If the machining is done on drilling machine instead of lathe by using a
modified fixture and tool, then the production time can be minimized. To overcome this problem,
it was decided to revise the manufacturing process. If facing and turning operation is done
simultaneously and the clamping of the component is to be changed from the previous clamping
method where it was held through a universal jaw chuck to a new clamping device then production
time can be minimized. Hence a need of modification in tool and fixture is required in existing
fixture.
5.3.1 Fixture Design
A fixture is a device used for rapidly and accurately position (or locate as is the more commonly
used term) the work piece, and support and secure it adequately such that all parts that are produced
using this fixture will be within the design specifications for that part. The basic principles of
fixture design can be categorized under six broad headings [16]:

Handling and fixing

Location
Clamping
Clearance
Stability and rigidity

Ease of construction and design

14

PRINCIPLES OF LOCATIONS

Fig 4:Six Degrees of Freedom Work piece Constrained by Three Pins

Fig 5: Work piece Constrained by five Pins

Fig 6: 3-2-1 Location Principle

MODIFIED MANUFACTURING PROCESS:

OPERATION NO.

DESCRIPTION

Setting of work piece on fixture

Facing, Turning

Unclamping

Polishing Outer Face

Inspection of Face

15

Fig 7: Modified Fixture

Fig 8: Modified Tool

BENEFITS OF USING DRILLING MACHINE

Earlier all the machining work was done on conventional lathe in which the machining cost, tool
cost, machine ideal time and the rejection rate was high , but the rejections, clamping and
unclamping time, machining time on drilling machine is very less as compared to lathe.
Production Trial
Fig 9: Production before modification

Fig 10: Production after modification

565
0

5200
5000
4800
4600
4400
4200
4000
3800

Nos of pieces
produced

555
0
545
0
535
0

16

Nos of pieces
produced

Fig 11: Defective components before modification

Fig 12: Defective components after modification

Defective
Components

440
420
400
380
360
340

300
200
100
0

Fig 13: COMPARISON OF PRODUCTIVITY

700
0
600
0
500
0
400
0
300
0
200
0
100
0
0

No. of pieces
earli
produced
er
No. of pieces
after
produced
modification

It shows the comparison of existing and modified process. It is clear from that when existing
process was used, average defective components were 8.4% and by using modified process,
defective components variation reduced to 33.1%. This resulted in average 5.1% reduction of
defective components.

17

6. SUMMARY
The efficiency and reliability of the fixture design has enhanced by the system and the result of
the fixture design has made more reasonable. To reduce cycle time required for loading and
unloading of part, this approach is useful. If modern CAE, CAD are used in designing the systems
then significant improvement can be assured. To fulfill the multifunctional and high performance
fixturing requirements optimum design approach can be used to provide comprehensive analyses
and determine an overall optimal design. Fixture layout and dynamic clamping forces optimization
method based on optimal fixture layout could minimize the deformation and uniform the
deformation most effectively .The proposed fixture will fulfilled researcher production target and
enhanced the efficiency, Hydraulic fixture reduces operation time and increases productivity, high
quality of operation, reduce accidents.

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7. REFERENCES:
1. Guohua Qin, Weihong, Zhang Min Wan Analysis and Optimal Design of Fixture
Clamping Sequence ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, 2006.
2. Michael Stampfer Automated setup and fixture planning system for box-shaped Parts
International Journal of Advance Manufacturing Technology 45:540552 DOI
10.1007/s00170-009-1983-1, 2008.
3. Djordje Vukelic, Uros Zuperl & Janko Hodolic Complex system for fixture selection,
modification, and design Int J Adv Manuf Technol 45:731748 DOI 10.1007/s00170009-2014-y, 2009.
4. Weifang Chen ,Lijun Ni & Jianbin Xue Deformation control through fixture layout design
and clamping force optimization Int J Adv Manuf Technol 38:860867 DOI
10.1007/s00170-007-1153-2,2008
5. J. Cecil A Clamping Design Approach for Automated Fixture Design Int J Adv Manuf
Technol 18:784789,2008
6. Nicholas Amaral Joseph J. Rencis Yiming (Kevin) Rong Development of a finite
element analysis tool for fixture design integrity verification and optimization Int J Adv
Manuf Technol 25: 409419, 2005
7. Y. Wang, X. Chen. N, Gindy Surface error decomposition for fixture development Int J
Adv Manuf Technol DOI 10.1007/s00170-005-0270-z, 2007
8. Shrikant.V.Peshatwar, L.P Raut Design and development of Fixture for eccentric shaft:
A Review International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN:
2248-9622 Vol. 3, Issue 1, February 2013.

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