Corrosion Resistance Performance of Fly Ash Blended Cement Concretes
Corrosion Resistance Performance of Fly Ash Blended Cement Concretes
Corrosion Resistance Performance of Fly Ash Blended Cement Concretes
ISSN: 2319-1163
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engg., GVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatanam, India, [email protected]
2
Director General, GVP-SIRC, GVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatanam, India, [email protected]
3
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vasavi College of Engineering, Hyderabad, India
4
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SITAM, Vizianagaram, India, [email protected]
Abstract
Durability of reinforced concrete with respect to corrosion of reinforcement is one of the major aspects to be considered in the
management of civil infrastructure systems. An accelerated laboratory test method developed at SERC where the concrete specimen
containing rebar is subjected to polarization under a constant voltage in a sodium chloride solution. It is found that the current
response with time follows that of a typical service life model indicating depassivation and corrosion propagation.
Index terms- Materials, cement, super plasticizer, workability, compressive strength etc.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------INTRODUCTION
One of the major problems of durability of reinforced concrete
is the rebar corrosion. Rebar corrosion occurs when the
concrete fails to give adequate protection to the embedded
steel. The problem gets compounded since the rebar corrosion
damages the surrounding concrete during the process of
corrosion reaction. It is a common opinion that rebar corrosion
takes place mainly because of the failure of concrete to protect
if from aggressive environment. The protection methods
include, coating of steel, larger cover thickness, better quality
concrete, corrosion inhibitors, and cathodic protection.
Portland cement concrete has been the construction material
par excellence for decades for its mechanical strength and cost
effectiveness, not to mention its properties in general that
make it particularly well suited to building. Nonetheless, the
destruction of natural quarries entailed in obtaining the prime
materials involved, the energy intensity of Portland cement
manufacture and the environmental impact of gas emissions
(essentially Co2 and Nox), etc., have prompted a search for
alternative materials. Moreover, the use of conventional
concrete is notoriously subject to durability issues, foremost
among which are the problems generated by curing at high
temperatures (construction during the summer months,
thermal treatment during precasting, etc.,) or expansive
reactions (aggregate alkali reaction, formation of thaumasite,
etc.). etc.
The service life of a reinforced concrete member with regard
to corrosion can be modeled in a simple way as shown in
fig.1. This model consists essentially two parts one the
initiation period and the other the propagation period.
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
To increase the quality of concrete, cement is the main
parameter in terms of strength and resistance. The
experimental programme was divided into the following three
phases.
Identification of best cement
Fly ash
Tests on hardened concrete
Cement
In a first approach Grade 53 cements of different brands
(namely C-1, C-11, C-111, C-IV and C-V) were tested as per
IS: 4031-1968. The strength development was slightly lower
as even required by IS:12269-1987. Beside compressive
strength the hardening behavior and speed were investigated
by measuring the heat development of a cement paste in a
thermos container, which enabled semi-adiabatic conditions.
For the test a cement paste consisting of 200gms cement and
70ml water was mixed in a plastic beaker. Immediately after
mixing, the beaker was placed in a thermos container and
equipped with a thermo-wire. The temperature gain was
recorded over about 22hrs. The heat generation of different
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448
Temperatur
e, C
Fly ash
Fly ash from the nearby thermal power plant was collected
and was replaced with the cement at the time of making the
concrete in different percentage of replacements. The
Chemical composition and specific surface area of cement and
fly ash are shown in Table 1.
SC II (
53-S)
C Grad
- Ii e 53
C - Grad
IV e 53
C Grad
- V e 53
SC I
(53-S)
Aggregates
ISSN: 2319-1163
6 7 8
4 5
9 1 1 1 1 1
0 1 Time,
2 3 4
Elapsed
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
1
2
2
Cement
Fly ash
L.O.I
1.48
1.80
IR
0.55
0.40
SiO2
19.92
51.51
Al2O3
6.44
27.47
Fe2o3
1.16
7.23
CaO
63,28
4.39
MgO
0.63
1.86
SO3
1.09
0.15
K2O
3.46
Na2O
0.70
545
360
hours
Specific Surface
(m2/kg)
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
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449
ISSN: 2319-1163
As the time goes, the current may increase only slightly and
will remain fairly constant at a low level depending on the
dosage of fly ash content.
This is an indication that the dosage of fly ash increases the
migration of chloride ions even under an externally applied
electrical field. It is generally experienced that the polarisation
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450
ISSN: 2319-1163
Specimen Details
The specimen consists of concrete cylinders of size 75 mm dia
x 150 mm in height with a 16mm rebar embedded centrally.
The positioning of the steel rebar gave an equal cover
thickness of 29.5 mm all-round and also at bottom of cylinder.
Fig.3. shows the schematic view of the test specimen for 75
mm x 150 m cylinder. Inside the cylinder, a length of 91.0mm
of embedded rebar was exposed and the remaining length was
well protected by a plastic tube and sealed with epoxy. In the
protruded length, a small portion was used to connect the lead
wire for electrical connection. The mix details are given in
table 2. Companion cube specimens of size 150mm were also
cast for the determination of its 28 days compressive strength.
The specimens were taken out after 28 days curing in
saturated calcium hydroxide solution and kept in the open
atmosphere for 3 hours. These specimens were used for the
accelerated corrosion test. Fig.4 shows the specimens ready
for testing and Fig.5 shows the polarisation experiment in
progress.
Graphs were drawn for current in mA Vs time in days for
different specimens.
Material
Content
Cement
384 kg/m
Sand 0/2mm
572 kg/m
Aggregates 5/10mm
441 kg/m
Aggregates 10/20mm
841 kg/m
Water
192 kg/m
w/c-Ratio
0.50
Type of
Concrete
7 Days
Comp.
Strength
28 Days
Comp.
Strength
90 Days
Comp.
Strength
15
27.2
29.3
9.11
23.52
29
10.28
29
30.13
7.66
24
31.11
7.33
25.3
26.55
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451
Type of
Concrete
7 Days
Comp.
Strength
28 Days
Comp.
Strength
90 Days
Comp.
Strength
10
9
8
7
CURRENT IN mA
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6
5
4
3
14.20
24.17
25.14
11.11
21.34
26.29
7.56
22.68
25.73
6.97
23.14
26.00
5.34
23.87
22.88
B
C
D
E
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fig 6 and 7 shows the current Vs time plots for different of
grades of concrete.
The change of slope at two locations of the specimens for
different grades of concrete gives the initiation time and the
time for cracking.
From fig. 6 it can be seen that the time for depassivation (i.e.,
the initiation time) for 30% replacement of cement with fly
ash of M25 grade is 54 days compared with other % of
replacements.
From fig. 7 it can be seen that the time for depassivation (i.e.,
the initiation time) for 30% replacement of cement with fly
ash of M30 grade is 63 days compared with other % of
replacements.
2
1
0
0
50
100
TIME IN DAYS
0% FLYASH
M30
CURRENT IN mA
CURRENT
VALUES IN mA
0% FLYASH
M25
CURRENT
VALUES IN mA
10% FLYASH
M25
CURRENT
VALUES IN mA
20% FLYASH
M25
CURRENT
VALUES IN mA
30% FLYASH
M25
CURRENT
VALUES IN mA
40% FLYASH
M25
10% FLYASH
M30
20% FLYASH
M30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
30% FLYASH
M30
TIME IN DAYS
40% FLYASH
M30
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ISSN: 2319-1163
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Authors thank to the Management of GVP College of
Engineering for providing facilities and funding to carryout
this research work in Structural Engineering Laboratory.
REFERENCES
CONCLUSIONS
From the graphs it was observed that with increase in the
percentage of replacement of fly ash in a grade of concrete,
the initiation time of corrosion increase. Also the initiation
time increases with the increase in grade of concrete.
From the graphs the initiation time for controlled concrete is
very less compared with fly ash blended concretes.
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ISSN: 2319-1163
BIOGRAPHIES:
M. Kishore Kumar obtained his master
degree in Structural Engineering from
PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore.
He has been working as an Associate
Professor at the department of Civil
Engineering in GVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam.
His areas of interest are durability of reinforced concrete
structures, corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures
including prediction of residual and service life.
P. Srinivasa. Rao, eminent Structural
Engineer and renowned professor of
Structural Engineering,
retired from
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai.
He obtained B.Tech (Hons) in Civil
Engg., & M.Tech. in Structural Engg.,
from IIT, Kharagpur and Doctorate from
Technical University, Munich, Germany
in 1965. He was currently the Director General, GVP-SIRC at
GVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam. He has guided
18 candidates towards the Ph.D. degree in Civil Engineering.
His areas of interest are Tall structures, Prestressed concrete
structures, Design of Shell and folded plate structures,
Durability of reinforced concrete structures.
B. L. P. Swamy obtained his Doctorate from Indian Institute
of Technology, Delhi. He has been working as a Professor at
the department of Civil Engineering in Vasavi College of
Engineering, Hyderabad. His areas of interest are durability of
reinforced concrete structures, corrosion of reinforcement in
concrete structures and assessment of distress and repair of
concrete structures.
Ch. Chandra Mouli obtained his master
degree in Infrastructural Engineering and
Management from GVP College of
Engineering, Visakhapatnam. He has been
working as an Assistant Professor at the
department of Civil Engineering in
SITAM, Vizianagaram. His area of
interest are corrosion of reinforcement in
concrete structures and durability of Reinforced concrete
structures
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