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Classification of Adaptive Control Techniques

Adaptive control is a method used by controllers to adapt to controlled systems with uncertain or time-varying parameters. It differs from robust control in that it does not require prior information about parameter bounds. There are two main types of adaptive control: feedback and feedforward. Direct methods use estimated parameters directly in control, while indirect methods use estimates to calculate controller parameters. Feedback adaptive control techniques include dual controllers, model reference adaptive controllers (MRAC), and model identification adaptive controllers (MIAC). MRAC incorporate a reference model and gradient optimization MRAC use rules to adjust parameters. Typical applications of adaptive control are self-tuning fixed linear controllers, adaptive control of nonlinear systems, and adaptive multivariable control.

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84 views4 pages

Classification of Adaptive Control Techniques

Adaptive control is a method used by controllers to adapt to controlled systems with uncertain or time-varying parameters. It differs from robust control in that it does not require prior information about parameter bounds. There are two main types of adaptive control: feedback and feedforward. Direct methods use estimated parameters directly in control, while indirect methods use estimates to calculate controller parameters. Feedback adaptive control techniques include dual controllers, model reference adaptive controllers (MRAC), and model identification adaptive controllers (MIAC). MRAC incorporate a reference model and gradient optimization MRAC use rules to adjust parameters. Typical applications of adaptive control are self-tuning fixed linear controllers, adaptive control of nonlinear systems, and adaptive multivariable control.

Uploaded by

Umesh Ahirrao
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Adaptive Control is the control method used by a controller which must adapt to a controlled

system with parameters which vary, or are initially uncertain. For example, as an aircraft flies, its
mass will slowly decrease as a result of fuel consumption; a control law is needed that adapts
itself to such changing conditions. Adaptive control is different from robust control in that it does
not need a priori information about the bounds on these uncertain or time-varying parameters;
robust control guarantees that if the changes are within given bounds the control law need not
be changed, while adaptive control is concerned with control law changes themselves.

Classification of adaptive control techniques


In general one should distinguish between:
1. Feedforward Adaptive Control
2. Feedback Adaptive Control
as well as between
1. Direct Methods and
2. Indirect Methods
Direct methods are ones wherein the estimated parameters are those directly used in the
adaptive controller. In contrast, indirect methods are those in which the estimated parameters
are used to calculate required controller parameters[1]
There are several broad categories of feedback adaptive control (classification can vary):
Dual Adaptive Controllers [based on Dual control theory]

Optimal Dual Controllers [difficult to design]

Suboptimal Dual Controllers


Nondual Adaptive Controllers

Adaptive Pole Placement

Extremum Seeking Controllers

Iterative learning control

Gain scheduling

Model Reference Adaptive Controllers (MRACs) [incorporate a reference

model defining desired closed loop performance]

MRAC

MIAC

Gradient Optimization MRACs [use local rule for adjusting params when

performance differs from reference. Ex.: "MIT rule".]


Stability Optimized MRACs

Model Identification Adaptive Controllers (MIACs) [perform System

identificationwhile the system is running]


Cautious Adaptive Controllers [use current SI to modify control law,

allowing for SI uncertainty]


Certainty Equivalent Adaptive Controllers [take current SI to be the true

system, assume no uncertainty]

Nonparametric Adaptive Controllers

Parametric Adaptive Controllers

Explicit Parameter Adaptive Controllers

Implicit Parameter Adaptive Controllers

Some special topics in adaptive control can be introduced as well:


1. Adaptive Control Based on Discrete-Time Process Identification
2. Adaptive Control Based on the Model Reference Technique
3. Adaptive Control based on Continuous-Time Process Models
4. Adaptive Control of Multivariable Processes
5. Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Processes
[edit]Applications
When designing adaptive control systems, special consideration is necessary
of convergence and robustness issues. Lyapunov stability is typically used to derive control
adaptation laws and show convergence.
Typical applications of adaptive control are (in general):

Self-tuning of subsequently fixed linear controllers during the implementation phase for
one operating point;

Self-tuning of subsequently fixed robust controllers during the implementation phase for
whole range of operating points;

Self-tuning of fixed controllers on request if the process behaviour changes due to


ageing, drift, wear etc.;

Adaptive control of linear controllers for nonlinear or time-varying processes;

Adaptive control or self-tuning control of nonlinear controllers for nonlinear processes;

Adaptive control or self-tuning control of multivariable controllers for multivariable


processes (MIMO systems);

Usually these methods adapt the controllers to both the process statics and dynamics. In
special cases the adaptation can be limited to the static behavior alone, leading to adaptive
control based on characteristic curves for the steady-states or to extremum value control,
optimizing the steady state. Hence, there are several ways to apply adaptive control algorithms.

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