Cryptography or Cryptology (From: - Logia
Cryptography or Cryptology (From: - Logia
"writing", or - -logia, "study", respectively[1]) is the practice and study of techniques for secure
communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries.[2]More generally, cryptography is
about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading
private messages;[3] various aspects in information security such as data confidentiality, data
integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation[4] are central to modern cryptography. Modern
cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science,
andelectrical engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords,
and electronic commerce.
Cryptography prior to the modern age was effectively synonymous with encryption, the conversion of
information from a readable state to apparent nonsense. The originator of an encrypted message
(Alice) shared the decoding technique needed to recover the original information only with intended
recipients (Bob), thereby precluding unwanted persons (Eve) from doing the same. The
cryptography literature often uses Alice ("A") for the sender, Bob ("B") for the intended recipient, and
Eve ("eavesdropper") for the adversary.[5] Since the development of rotor cipher machines in World
War I and the advent of computers in World War II, the methods used to carry out cryptology have
become increasingly complex and its application more widespread.