Chapter 6

6
Inductance, Capacitance, and

Mutual Inductance
Assessment Problems
AP 6.1 [a] ig = 8e300t 8e1200tA
v=L
dig
= 9.6e300t + 38.4e1200tV,
dt
t > 0+
v(0+ ) = 9.6 + 38.4 = 28.8 V

[b] v = 0 when 38.4e1200t = 9.6e300t
or t = (ln 4)/900 = 1.54 ms
[c] p = vi = 384e1500t 76.8e600t 307.2e2400t W

dp
= 0 when e1800t 12.5e900t + 16 = 0
[d]
dt
Let x = e900t and solve the quadratic x2 12.5x + 16 = 0
x = 1.44766,
t=
ln 1.45
= 411.05 s
900
x = 11.0523,
t=
ln 11.05
= 2.67 ms
900
p is maximum at t = 411.05 s
[e] pmax = 384e1.5(0.41105) 76.8e0.6(0.41105) 307.2e2.4(0.41105) = 32.72 W
[f] W is max when i is max, i is max when di/dt is zero.
When di/dt = 0, v = 0, therefore t = 1.54 ms.
[g] imax = 8[e0.3(1.54) e1.2(1.54)] = 3.78 A
wmax = (1/2)(4 103 )(3.78)2 = 28.6 mJ
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62
CHAPTER 6. Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance
AP 6.2 [a] i = C
dv
d
= 24 106 [e15,000t sin 30,000t]
dt
dt
= [0.72 cos 30,000t 0.36 sin 30,000t]e15,000t A,
[b] i
ms = 31.66 mA,
80

i(0+ ) = 0.72 A
v
ms = 20.505 V,
80

p = vi = 649.23 mW
[c] w =
1
Cv 2 = 126.13 J
2

1
AP 6.3 [a] v =
C

Z
i dx + v(0 )
1
0.6 106
3 cos 50,000x dx = 100 sin 50,000t V
[b] p(t) = vi = [300 cos 50,000t] sin 50,000t

= 150 sin 100,000t W,
[c] w(max) =
p(max) = 150 W
1
2
Cvmax
= 0.30(100)2 = 3000 J = 3 mJ
2

60(240)
= 48 mH
300
[b] i(0+ ) = 3 + 5 = 2 A
Z
125 t
[c] i =
(0.03e5x ) dx 2 = 0.125e5t 2.125 A
6 0+
Z
50 t
[d] i1 =
(0.03e5x ) dx + 3 = 0.1e5t + 2.9 A
+
3 0
AP 6.4 [a] Leq =
i2 =
25
6
0+
(0.03e5x ) dx 5 = 0.025e5t 5.025 A
i1 + i2 = i
AP 6.5 v1 = 0.5 106
240 106 e10x dx 10 = 12e10t + 2 V
0+
v2 = 0.125 106
v1() = 2 V,
0+
240 106 e10x dx 5 = 3e10t 2 V
v2 () = 2 V
1
1
W = (2)(4) + (8)(4) 106 = 20 J
2
2

obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic,
Problems
63
AP 6.6 [a] Summing the voltages around mesh 1 yields

di1
d(i2 + ig )
+8
+ 20(i1 i2 ) + 5(i1 + ig ) = 0
dt
dt
or
4
di2
dig
di1
+ 25i1 + 8
20i2 = 5ig + 8
4
dt
dt
dt
Summing the voltages around mesh 2 yields

16
di1
d(i2 + ig )
+8
+ 20(i2 i1) + 780i2 = 0
dt
dt
or
di1
di2
dig
8
20i1 + 16
+ 800i2 = 16
dt
dt
dt
[b] From the solutions given in part (b)
i1 (0) = 0.4 11.6 + 12 = 0;
i2 (0) = 0.01 0.99 + 1 = 0
These values agree with zero initial energy in the circuit. At infinity,
i1 () = 0.4A;
i2() = 0.01A
When t = the circuit reduces to
7.8
7.8
7.8
+
= 0.4A; i2() =
= 0.01A
20
780
780
From the solutions for i1 and i2 we have
.. i1() =
di1
= 46.40e4t 60e5t
dt
di2
= 3.96e4t 5e5t
dt
Also,
dig
= 7.84e4t
dt
Thus
di1
4
= 185.60e4t 240e5t
dt
25i1 = 10 290e4t + 300e5t
64
di2
= 31.68e4t 40e5t
dt
20i2 = 0.20 19.80e4t + 20e5t

5ig = 9.8 9.8e4t
8
dig
= 62.72e4t
dt
Test:
185.60e4t 240e5t 10 290e4t + 300e5t + 31.68e4t 40e5t
?
+0.20 + 19.80e4t 20e5t = [9.8 9.8e4t + 62.72e4t ]

9.8 + (300 240 40 20)e5t
?
+(185.60 290 + 31.68 + 19.80)e4t = (9.8 + 52.92e4t )

?
9.8 + 0e5t + (237.08 290)e4t = 9.8 52.92e4t

9.8 52.92e4t = 9.8 52.92e4t
(OK)
Also,
8
di1
= 371.20e4t 480e5t
dt
20i1 = 8 232e4t + 240e5t

16
di2
= 63.36e4t 80e5t
dt
800i2 = 8 792e4t + 800e5t

16
dig
= 125.44e4t
dt
Test:
371.20e4t 480e5t + 8 + 232e4t 240e5t + 63.36e4t 80e5t
?
8 792e4t + 800e5t = 125.44e4t

(8 8) + (800 480 240 80)e5t
?
+(371.20 + 232 + 63.36 792)e4t = 125.44e4t

?
(800 800)e5t + (666.56 792)e4t = 125.44e4t

125.44e4t = 125.44e4t
(OK)
Problems
65
Problems
P 6.1
0 t 2s :
103
iL =
2.5
3 4x
3 10 e
= 0.3e4t + 1.3 A,

e4x t
dx + 1 = 1.2
+1
4 0
0 t 2s
iL (2) = 0.3e8 + 1.3 = 1.3 A

t 2s :
103
iL =
2.5
3 4(x2)
3 10 e
= 0.3e4(t2) + 1 A,
P 6.2
[a] v = L

e4(x2) t
dx + 1.3 = 1.2
+ 1.3
4 2
t 2s
di
dt
= (50 106 )(18)[e10t 10te10t ] = 900e10t (1 10t) V

66

[b] i(200 ms) = 18(0.2)(e2 ) = 487.21 mA
v(200 ms) = 900(e2 )(1 2) = 121.8 V
p(200 ms) = vi = (487.21 103 )(121.8 106 ) = 59.34 W
[c] delivering 59.34 W
[d] i(200 ms) = 487.21 mA
(from part [b])
1
1
w = Li2 = (50 106 )(0.48721)2 = 5.93 J
2
2
[e] The energy is a maximum where the current is a maximum:
diL
= 0 when 1 10t = 0
dt
or
t = 0.1 s
imax = 18(0.1)e1 = 662.18 mA

1
wmax = (50 106 )(0.66218)2 = 10.96 J
2
P 6.3
[a] 0 t 2 ms :
1
i=
L
106
vs dx + i(0) =
200
5000 t
=
x = 25t A
200 0
5 103 dx + 0
2 ms t < :
[b] i = 25t mA,
106
i=
200
0 t 2 ms;
2103
(0) dx + 2 103 = 50 mA
i = 50 mA,
t 2 ms
Problems
P 6.4
[a] i =
t<0
i =
50t A
0 t 5 ms
i =
0.5 50t A
5 t 10 ms
i =
10 ms < t
[b] v = L
di
= 20 103 (50) = 1 V
dt
v = 20 103 (50) = 1 V
67
0 t 5 ms
5 t 10 ms
t<0
1V
0 < t < 5 ms
1 V
5 < t < 10 ms
10 ms < t
p = vi
p =
t<0
p =
(50t)(1) = 50t W
0 < t < 5 ms
p =
(0.5 50t)(1) = 50t 0.5 W
5 < t < 10 ms
p =
10 ms < t
w
w
w
t<0
2

t
x t
(50x) dx = 50 = 25t2 J
0.005
(50x 0.5) dx + 0.625 103
t

25x 0.5x
2
0.005
w
P 6.5
0 < t < 5 ms
+0.625 103
25t2 0.5t + 2.5 103 J
5 < t < 10 ms
10 ms < t
[a] 0 t 1 s :
v = 100t
1
i=
5
x2 t
100x dx + 0 = 20
2 0

i = 10t2 A
68

1s t 3s :
v = 100t 200
i(1) = 10 A
. . i =
=
1
5
20
(100x 200) dx 10
t
1
(x 2) dx 10
= 10t2 40t + 20 A
3s t 5s :
v = 100 V
i(3) = 90 120 + 20 = 10 A
i =
=
1
5
t
3
(100) dx 10
20(t 3) 10
= 20t 70 A
5s t 6s :
v = 600t 100
i(5) = 100 70 = 30 A
i =
1
5
t
5
(600x 100) dx + 30
20
120t 600 10t2 + 250 + 30
=
t 6s :
(6 x) dx + 30
10t2 + 120t 320 A
v=0
i(6) = 720 360 320 = 40 A
i =
=
1
5
t
6
0 dx + 40
40 A
Problems
69
[b] v = 0 at t = 2 s and t = 6 s
i(2) = 10(4) 40(2) + 20 = 20 A
i(6) = 40 A
[c]
P 6.6
[a] i(0) = A1 + A2 = 0.04

di
= 10,000A1 e10,000t 40,000A2 e40,000t
dt
v = 200A1 e10,000t 800A2 e40,000t V
v(0) = 200A1 800A2 = 28
Solving, A1 = 0.1
and A2 = 0.06
Thus,
i1 = (100e10,000t 60e40,000t) mA
v = 20e10,000t + 48e40,000t V,
t0
t0
[b] i = 0 when 100e10,000t = 60e40,000t

Therefore
e30,000t = 0.6 so t = 17.03 s
which is not possible!
v = 0 when 20e10,000t = 48e40,000t

Therefore
e30,000t = 2.4 so t = 29.18 s
Thus the power is zero at t = 29.18 s.
610
P 6.7

[a] From Problem 6.6 we have
i = A1 e10,000t + A2e40,000t A
v = 20A1 e10,000t + 48A2 e40,000t V
i(0) = A1 + A2 = 0.04
v(0) = 200A1 800A2 = 68
Solving,
Thus,
A1 = 0.06;
A2 = 0.1
i = 60e10,000t + 100e40,000t mA t 0
v = 12e10,000t 80e40,000t V t 0
[b] i = 0 when 60e10,000t = 100e40,000t
.. e30,000t = 5/3 so t = 17.03 s
Thus,
i > 0 for 0 t 17.03 s
and
i < 0 for 17.03 s t <
v = 0 when 12e10,000t = 80e40,000t

.. e30,000t = 20/3 so t = 63.24 s
Thus,
v < 0 for 0 t 63.24 s
and
v > 0 for 63.24 s t <
and
63.24 s t <
Therefore,
p < 0 for
0 t 17.03 s
(inductor delivers energy)

p > 0 for
17.03 s t 63.24 s
(inductor stores energy)
[c] The energy stored at t = 0 is

1
1
w(0) = L[i(0)]2 = (0.02)(0.04)2 = 16 J
2
2
p = vi = 6e50,000t 8e80,000t 0.72e20,000t W
For t > 0:
w=
6e50,000t dt
8e80,000t dt
0.72e20,000t dt
6e50,000t 8e80,000t 0.72e20,000t

=
50,000 0
80,000 0
20,000 0

Problems
611
= (1.2 1 0.36) 104

= 16 J
Thus, the energy stored equals the energy extracted.
P 6.8
[a] v = L
di
dt
v = 25 103
d
[10 cos 400t + 5 sin 400t]e200t
dt
= 25 103 (200e200t [10 cos 400t + 5 sin 400t]

+e200t[4000 sin 400t + 2000 cos 400t])
v = 25 103 e200t(1000 sin 400t 4000 sin 400t)
= 25 103 e200t(5000 sin 400t)
= 125e200t sin 400t V
dv
= 125(e200t(400) cos 400t 200e200t sin 400t)
dt
= 25,000e200t (2 cos 400t sin 400t) V/s
dv
=0
when
dt
.. tan 400t = 2,
2 cos 400t = sin 400t

400t = 1.11;
t = 2.77 ms
[b] v(2.77 ms) = 125e0.55 sin 1.11 = 64.27 V

P 6.9
[a] i =
=
=
[b]
1000
20
t
0
50 sin 250x dx + 10
cos 250x t
2500
+ 10
250
0

10 cos 250t A
= vi = (50 sin 250t)(10 cos 250t)

= 500 sin 250t cos 250t
p
w
= 250 sin 500t W

1 2
=
Li
2
=
1
(20 103 )(10 cos 250t)2
2
= 1000 cos 2 250t mJ

w
= (500 + 500 cos 500t) mJ
612
[c] Absorbing power:
P 6.10
Delivering power:
2 t 4 ms
0 t 2 ms
6 t 8 ms
4 t 6 ms
i = (B1 cos 4t + B2 sin 4t)et/2

i(0) = B1 = 10 A
di
= (B1 cos 4t + B2 sin 4t)(0.5et/2 ) + et/2(4B1 sin 4t + 4B2 cos 4t)
dt
= [(4B2 0.5B1 ) cos 4t (4B1 + 0.5B2 ) sin 4t]et/2
Problems
v=4
613
di
= [(16B2 2B1 ) cos 4t (16B1 + 2B2 ) sin 4t]et/2
dt
v(0) = 60 = 16B2 2B1 = 16B2 20
.. B2 = 5 A
Thus,
i = (10 cos 4t + 5 sin 4t)et/2, A,
t0
v = (60 cos 4t 170 sin 4t)et/2 V,

i(1) = 26, A;
t0
v(1) = 54.25 V
p(1) = (26)(54.25) = 339.57 W delivering

P 6.11
p = vi = 40t[e10t 10te20t e20t]

W=
p dx =
40x[e10x 10xe20x e20x ] dx = 0.2 J
This is energy stored in the inductor at t = .

P 6.12
[a] v(20 s) =
v(20 s) =
=
v(40 s) =
=
12.5 109 (20 106 )2 = 5 V (end of first interval)

106 (20 106 ) (12.5)(400) 103 10
5 V (start of second interval)
106 (40 106 ) (12.5)(1600) 103 10
10 V (end of second interval)
[b] p(10s) = 62.5 1012 (105 )3 = 62.5 mW,

i(10s) = 50 mA,
v(10 s) = 1.25 V,
p(10 s) = vi = (1.25)(50 m) = 62.5 mW (checks)
p(30 s) = 437.50 mW,
v(30 s) = 8.75 V,
i(30 s) = 0.05 A
p(30 s) = vi = (8.75)(0.05) = 62.5 mW (checks)

[c] w(10 s) = 15.625 1012 (10 106 )4 = 0.15625 J
w = 0.5Cv 2 = 0.5(0.2 106 )(1.25)2 = 0.15625 J
w(30 s) = 7.65625 J
w(30 s) = 0.5(0.2 106 )(8.75)2 = 7.65625 J
614
P 6.13

For 0 t 1.6 s:
iL =
1
5
3 103 dx + 0 = 0.6 103 t
iL (1.6 s) = (0.6 103 )(1.6) = 0.96 mA

Rm = (20)(1000) = 20 k
vm (1.6 s) = (0.96 103 )(20 103 ) = 19.2 V
P 6.14
[a] i =
400 103
t = 80 103 t
6
5 10
i = 400 103
i=
q
0 t 5 s
5 t 20 s
300 103
t 0.5 = 104 t 0.5
30 106
5106
15106
8 104
4 104 (25 1012 ) + 4 106
5 C
[b] v = 4 106
+ 4 10
= 4 106
8 10 t dt +
5106
0.4 dt
6
t2 510
+0.4(10 106 )
2 0
5106
0
20 s t 50 s
8 104 x dx + 4 106
30106
20106
20106
5106
0.4 dx
(104 x 0.5) dx
6
6
2 5106
2 30106
2010
3010
4 x
4 x

8 10
+0.4x
+10
0.5x
2 0
2 20106
5106
20106
"
= 4 106 [4 104 (25 1012 ) + 0.4(15 106 )
+ 5000(900 1012 400 1012 ) 0.5(10 106 )]

= 18 V
v(30 s) = 18 V
Problems
615
[c] v(50 s) = 4 106 [106 + 6 106 + 5000(2500 1012 400 1012 )

0.5(30 106 )]
= 10 V
1
1
w = Cv 2 = (0.25 106 )(10)2 = 12.5 J
2
2
P 6.15
[a]
1
0.5 106
3e
= 100 10
500106
0
2000t
2000
50 103 e2000t dt 20
500106

20

0
= 50(1 e1 ) 20 = 11.61 V
w
1
Cv 2
2
= 12 (0.5)(106 )(11.61)2 = 33.7 J
[b] v() = 50 20 = 30V

1
w() = (0.5 106 )(30)2 = 225 J
2
P 6.16
[a] 0 t 10 s
1
= 10 106
C
C = 0.1 F
v = 10 106
0.05 dx + 15
v = 50 104 t + 15 V
0 t 10 s
v(10 s) = 5 + 15 = 10 V
[b] 10 s t 20 s
6
v = 10 10
10106
v = 106 t V
0.1 dx + 10 = 106 t 10 + 10
10 t 20 s
v(20 s) = 106 (20 106 ) = 20 V

[c] 20 s t 40 s
6
v = 10 10
20106
1.6 dx + 20 = 1.6 106 t 32 + 20
v = 1.6 106 t 12 V,
20 s t 40 s
616

[d] 40 s t <
v(40 s) = 64 12 = 52 V
P 6.17
P 6.18
40 s t <
iC = C(dv/dt)
0 < t < 0.5 :
iC = 20 106 (60)t = 1.2t mA
0.5 < t < 1 :
iC = 20 106 (60)(t 1) = 1.2(t 1) mA
1
1
[a] w(0) = C[v(0)]2 = (0.20) 106 (150)2 = 2.25 mJ
2
2
5000t
[b] v = (A1t + A2)e
v(0) = A2 = 150 V
dv
dt
= 5000e5000t (A1t + A2) + e5000t(A1)

= (5000A1 t 5000A2 + A1 )e5000t
dv
(0) = A1 5000A2
dt
i=C
dv
,
dt
i(0) = C
dv(0)
dt
Problems
617
dv(0)
i(0)
250 103
=
=
= 1250 103
dt
C
0.2 106
. .
.. 1.25 106 = A1 5000(150)
Thus, A1 = 1.25 106 + 75 104 = 2 106
V
s
[c] v = (2 106 t + 150)e5000t
dv
d
= 0.2 106 (2 106 t + 150)e5000t
dt
dt
d
=
[(0.4t + 10 306 )e5000t]
dt
i=C
i
= (0.4t + 30 106 )(5000)e5000t + e5000t(0.4)

= (2000t 150 103 + 0.4)e5000t
= (0.25 2000t)e5000t A,
P 6.19
t0
dv
= 0, t < 0
dt
dv
d
[b] i = C
= 4 106 [100 40e2000t (3 cos 1000t + sin 1000t)]
dt
dt
[a] i = C
= 4 106 [40(2000)e2000t (3 cos 1000t + sin 1000t)

40(1000)e2000t (3 sin 1000t + cos 1000t)]
= 0.32e2000t(3 cos 1000t + sin 1000t) 0.16(3 sin 1000t + cos 1000t)
= 0.8e2000t[cos 1000t + sin 1000t] A,
[c] no,
[d] yes,
t0
v(0 ) = 20 V
v(0+ ) = 100 40(1)(3) = 20 V
i(0 ) = 0 A
i(0+ ) = 0.8 A
[e] v() = 100 V

1
1
w = Cv 2 = (4 106 )(100)2 = 20 mJ
2
2
P 6.20
30k20 = 12 H
80k(8 + 12) = 16 H
60k(14 + 16) = 20 H
15k(20 + 10) = 20 H
Lab = 5 + 10 = 15 H
618
P 6.21

5k(12 + 8) = 4 H
4k4 = 2 H
15k(8 + 2) = 6 H
3k6 = 2 H
6 + 2 = 8H
P 6.22
[a] Combine three 1 mH inductors in series to get a 3 mH equivalent inductor.

[b] Combine two 100 H inductors in parallel to get a 50 H inductor. Then
combine this parallel pair in series with two more 100 H inductors:
100 k100 + 100 + 100 = 50 + 100 + 100 = 250 H
[c] Combine two 100 H inductors in parallel to get a 50 H inductor. Then
combine this parallel pair with a 10 H inductor in series:
100 k100 + 10 = 50 + 10 = 60 H
P 6.23
[a] io(0) = i1 (0) i2(0) = 6 1 = 5 A

[b]
io
1
=
4
t
0
2000e
100x
e100x
dx + 5 = 500
+5
100 0
= 5(e100t 1) + 5 = 5e100t A,
t0
[c]
Problems
va
3.2(500e100t ) = 1600e100t V
vc
va + vb = 1600e100t + 2000e100t
=
=
400e100t V
Z
1 t
400e100x dx 6
1 0
4e100t + 4 6
4e100t 2 A
i1
i1
[d] i2
1
4
t0
619
400e100x dx + 1
= e100t + 2 A,
t0
1
1
1
[e] w(0) = (1)(6)2 + (4)(1)2 + (3.2)(5)2 = 60 J
2
2
2
1
[f] wdel = (4)(5)2 = 50 J
2
[g] wtrapped = 60 50 = 10 J
or
P 6.24
1
1
wtrapped = (1)(2)2 + (4)(2)2 + 10 J (check)
2
2
vb = 2000e100t V
io = 5e100t A
p = 10,000e200t W
w=
4 200x
10 e
wtotal = 50 J
e200x t
dx = 10,000
= 50(1 e200t) W
200 0

80%wtotal = 40 J
Thus,
50 50e200t = 40;
e200t = 5;
.. t = 8.05 ms
620
P 6.25

[a]
3.2
di
= 64e4t
dt
Z
i(t) =
20
t
0
e4x dx 5
e4x t
20
5
4 0

=
i(t) =
[b] 4
di
= 20e4t
dt
so
5e4t A
di1
= 64e4t
dt
Z t
i1 (t) = 16 e4x dx 10
0
=
i1 (t) =
[c] 16
e4x t
16
10
4 0

4e4t 6 A
di2
= 64e4t
dt
Z
i2 (t) =
=
i2 (t) =
di2
= 4e4t
dt
so
t
0
e4x dx + 5
e4x t
4
+5
4 0

e4t + 6 A
[d] p = vi = (64e4t )(5e4t ) = 320e8t W

w
320
40 J
p dt =
320e8t dt
e8t
8 0

1
1
[e] w = (4)(10)2 + (16)(5)2 = 400 J
2
2
[f] wtrapped = winitial wdelivered = 400 40 = 360 J
Problems
1
1
[g] wtrapped = (4)(6)2 + (16)(6)2 = 360 J
2
2
P 6.26
1
1
1
1
=
+
= ;
C1
48 16
12
621
checks
C1 = 12 F
C2 = 3 + 12 = 15 F
1
1
1
1
=
+
= ;
C3
30 15
10
C3 = 10 F
C4 = 10 + 10 = 20 F
1
1
1
1
1
= +
+ = ;
C5
5 20 4
2
C5 = 2 F
Equivalent capacitance is 2 F with an initial voltage drop of +25 V.

P 6.27
1 1
5
+ =
4 6
12
.. Ceq = 2.4 F
1
1
4
+
=
4 12
12
.. Ceq = 3 F
622
1
1
4
+ =
24 8
24
P 6.28
.. Ceq = 6 F
[a] Combine two 220 F capacitors in series to get a 110 F capacitor. Then
combine the series pair in parallel with another 220 F capacitor to get
330 F:
(220 + 220 )k220 = 110 k220 = 330 F
[b] Create a 1500 nF capacitor as follows:
(1 + 1 )k1 = 500 nk1000 n = 1500 nF
Create a second 1500 nF capacitor using the same three resistors. Place
these two 1500 nF in series:
1500 n + 1500 n = 750 nF
[c] Combine two 100 pF capacitors in series to get a 50 pF capacitor. Then
combine the series pair in parallel with another 100 pF capacitor to get
150 pF:
(100 p + 100 p)k100 p = 50 pk100 p = 150 pF
P 6.29
1
1 1
1
10
= + +
=
=2
Ce
1 5 1.25
5
.. C2 = 0.5 F
vb = 20 250 + 30 = 200 V
Problems
623
[a]
vb
=
=
=
[b] va
106
0.5
t
0
5 103 e50x dx 200
e50x t
10,000
200
50 0

200e50t V
106
0.5
t
0
5 103 e50x dx 20
= 20(e50t 1) 20
= 20e50t 40 V
[c] vc
[d] vd
106 Z t
5 103 e50x dx 30
1.25 0
80(e50t 1) 30
80e50t 110 V
6
= 10
5 103 e50x dx + 250
= 100(e50t 1) + 250
= 100e50t + 150 V
CHECK: vb
[e] i1
[f] i2
vc vd va
200e50t V (checks)
d
[100e50t + 150]
dt
0.2 106
0.2 106 (5000e50t )
e50t mA
0.8 106
4e50t mA
d
[100e50t + 150]
dt
624

CHECK: ib = i1 + i2 = 5e50t mA
P 6.30
[a] w(0)
1
(0.2
2
106 )(250)2 + 12 (0.8 106 )(250)2 + 21 (5 106 )(20)2
1
(1.25
2
(OK)
106 )(30)2
32,812.5 J
[b] w() = 21 (5 106 )(40)2 + 12 (1.25 106 )(110)2 + 12 (0.2 106 )(150)2
+ 21 (0.8 106 )(150)2
= 22,812.5 J
1
[c] w = (0.5 106 )(200)2 = 10,000 J
2
CHECK: 32,812.5 22,812.5 = 10,000 J
10,000
100 = 30.48%
[d] % delivered =
32,812.5
[e] w
10(1 e100t) mJ
(0.005e50x )(200e50x ) dx =
.. 102 (1 e100t) = 7.5 103 ;

Thus, t =
P 6.31
t
0
e100x dx
e100t = 0.25
ln 4
= 13.86 ms.
100
[a]
vo
106
1.6
t
0
800 106 e25x dx 20
e25x t
= 500
20
25 0

= 20e25t V,
[b] v1
t0
106
e25x t
(800 106 )
+5
2
25 0
= 16e25t + 21 V,
t0
Problems
[c] v2
25x t
106
6 e
25
(800 10 )
8
25 0
[d] p
4e25t 21 V,
vi = (20e25t)(800 106 )e25t
16 103 e50t
16 103 e50t dt
16 10
t0
3 e
[e] w
625
50t
50
0.32 103 (0 1) = 320 J

106 )(5)2 + 12 (8 106 )(25)2
1
(2
2
2525 J
[f] wtrapped = winitial wdelivered = 2525 320 = 2205 J

[g] wtrapped
1
(2
2
106 )(21)2 + 12 (8 106 )(21)2
= 2205 J
P 6.32
From Figure 6.17(a) we have

v=
1
C1
v=
i dx + v1(0) +
1
1
+
+
C1 C2
Therefore
P 6.33
Z
1
C2
i dx + v2(0) +
t
0
i dx + v1(0) + v2(0) +
1
1
1
=
+
+ ,
Ceq
C1 C2

veq(0) = v1(0) + v2(0) +
From Fig. 6.18(a)

i = C1
dv
dv
dv
+ C2 + = [C1 + C2 + ]
dt
dt
dt
Therefore Ceq = C1 + C2 + . Because the capacitors are in parallel, the

initial voltage on every capacitor must be the same. This initial voltage would
appear on Ceq.
626
P 6.34

dio
dt
= (5){e2000t[8000 sin 4000t + 4000 cos 4000t]

+(2000e2000t )[2 cos 4000t + sin 4000t]}
= e2000t{ 50,000 sin 4000t} V
dio +
(0 ) = (1)[sin(0)] = 0
dt
..
10 103
dio +
(0 ) = 0
dt
so
v2 (0+ ) = 0
v1(0+ ) = 40io (0+ ) + v2(0+ ) = 40(10) = 0 = 400 V

P 6.35
vc
vL
vo
P 6.36
1
0.625 106
Z
150(e16,000t 1) 200(e4000t 1) 50
150e16,000t 200e4000t V
dio
25 103
dt
1.5e16,000x dx
0.5e4000x dx 50
25 103 (24,000e16,000t + 2000e4000t )
600e16,000t + 50e4000t V
vc vL
(150e16,000t 200e4000t ) (600e16,000t + 50e4000t)
750e16,000t 250e4000t V, t > 0
[a] Rearrange by organizing the equations by di1/dt, i1, di2/dt, i2 and transfer
the ig terms to the right hand side of the equations. We get
4
di1
di2
dig
+ 25i1 8
20i2 = 5ig 8
dt
dt
dt
di1
di2
dig
20i1 + 16
+ 80i2 = 16
dt
dt
dt
[b] From the given solutions we have

di1
= 320e5t + 272e4t
dt
di2
= 260e5t 204e4t
dt
Problems
627
Thus,
4
di1
= 1280e5t + 1088e4t
dt
25i1 = 100 + 1600e5t 1700e4t

8
di2
= 2080e5t 1632e4t
dt
20i2 = 20 1040e5t + 1020e4t

5ig = 80 80e5t
8
dig
= 640e5t
dt
Thus,
1280e5t + 1088e4t + 100 + 1600e5t 1700e4t 2080e5t
?
+1632e4t 20 + 1040e5t 1020e4t = 80 80e5t 640e5t

80 + (1088 1700 + 1632 1020)e4t
?
+(1600 1280 2080 + 1040)e5t = 80 720e5t

80 + (2720 2720)e4t + (2640 3360)e5t = 80 720e5t
8
(OK)
di1
= 2560e5t + 2176e4t
dt
20i1 = 80 + 1280e5t 1360e4t

16
di2
= 4160e5t 3264e4t
dt
80i2 = 80 4160e5t + 4080e4t

16
dig
= 1280e5t
dt
2560e5t 2176e4t 80 1280e5t + 1360e4t + 4160e5t 3264e4t

?
+80 4160e5t + 4080e4t = 1280e5t

(80 + 80) + (2560 1280 + 4160 4160)e5t
?
+(1360 2176 3264 + 4080)e4t = 1280e5t

0 + 1280e5t + 0e4t = 1280e5t
P 6.37
(OK)
[a] Yes, using KVL around the lower right loop

vo = v20 + v60 = 20(i2 i1) + 60i2
628

[b] vo
20(1 52e5t + 51e4t 4 64e5t + 68e4t )+

60(1 52e5t + 51e4t )
20(3 116e5t + 119e4t ) + 60 3120e5t + 3060e4t
vo
5440e5t + 5440e4t V
[c] vo
L2
d
d
(15 + 36e5t 51e4t ) + 8 (4 + 64e5t 68e4t )
dt
dt
5t
4t
5t
2880e + 3264e 2560e + 2176e4t
16
P 6.38
d
di1
(ig i2) + M
dt
dt
vo
5440e5t + 5440e4t V
[a] vg
5(ig i1) + 20(i2 i1) + 60i2
5(16 16e5t 4 64e5t + 68e4t )+

20(1 52e5t + 51e4t 4 64e5t + 68e4t )+
60(1 52e5t + 51e4t )
60 + 5780e4t 5840e5t V
[b] vg (0) = 60 + 5780 5840 = 0 V

[c] pdev
vg ig
960 + 92,480e4t 94,400e5t 92,480e9t +

93,440e10t W
[d] pdev () = 960 W

[e] i1() = 4 A;
i2() = 1 A;
ig () = 16 A;
p5 = (16 4)2 (5) = 720 W

p20 = 32 (20) = 180 W
p60 = 12 (60) = 60 W
X
. .
P 6.39
[a] 2
pabs = 720 + 180 + 60 = 960 W

X
pdev =
pabs = 960 W
dig
di2
+ 16
+ 32i2 = 0
dt
dt
16
di2
dig
+ 32i2 = 2
dt
dt
Problems
629
[b] i2 = et e2t A
di2
= et + 2e2t A/s
dt
ig = 8 8et A
dig
= 8et A/s
dt
.. 16et + 32e2t + 32et 32e2t = 16et
[c] v1
dig
di2
2
dt
dt
4(8et ) 2(et + 2e2t )
34et 4e2t V,
t>0
[d] v1(0) = 34 4 = 30 V;
Also
di2
dig
v1(0) = 4 (0) 2 (0)
dt
dt
= 4(8) 2(1 + 2) = 32 2 = 30 V
Yes, the initial value of v1 is consistent with known circuit behavior.
P 6.40
[a] vab = L1
di
di
di
di
di
+ L2 + M + M = (L1 + L2 + 2M)
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
It follows that Lab = (L1 + L2 + 2M)

[b] vab = L1
di
di
di
di
di
M + L2 M = (L1 + L2 2M)
dt
dt
dt
dt
dt
Therefore Lab = (L1 + L2 2M)

P 6.41
[a] vab = L1
0 = L1
d(i1 i2)
di2
+M
dt
dt
d(i2 i1)
di2
d(i1 i2)
di2
M
+M
+ L2
dt
dt
dt
dt
Collecting coefficients of [di1/dt] and [di2/dt], the two mesh-current

equations become
vab = L1
di1
di2
+ (M L1 )
dt
dt
and
di1
di2
+ (L1 + L2 2M)
dt
dt
Solving for [di1/dt] gives
0 = (M L1 )
di1
L1 + L2 2M
=
vab
dt
L1 L2 M 2
630

from which we have
vab =
L1 L2 M 2
L1 + L2 2M
.. Lab =
di1
dt
L1 L2 M 2
L1 + L2 2M
[b] If the magnetic polarity of coil 2 is reversed, the sign of M reverses,

therefore
Lab =
P 6.42
L1 L2 M 2
L1 + L2 + 2M
When the switch is opened the induced voltage is negative at the dotted
terminal. Since the voltmeter kicks upscale, the induced voltage across the
voltmeter must be positive at its positive terminal. Therefore, the voltage is
negative at the negative terminal of the voltmeter.
Thus, the lower terminal of the unmarked coil has the same instantaneous
polarity as the dotted terminal. Therefore, place a dot on the lower terminal
of the unmarked coil.
P 6.43
[a] Dot terminal 1; the flux is up in coil 1-2, and down in coil 3-4. Assign the
current into terminal 4; the flux is down in coil 3-4. Therefore, dot
terminal 4. Hence, 1 and 4 or 2 and 3.
[b] Dot terminal 2; the flux is up in coil 1-2, and right-to-left in coil 3-4.
Assign the current into terminal 4; the flux is right-to-left in coil 3-4.
Therefore, dot terminal 4. Hence, 2 and 4 or 1 and 3.
[c] Dot terminal 2; the flux is up in coil 1-2, and right-to-left in coil 3-4.
Assign the current into terminal 4; the flux is right-to-left in coil 3-4.
Therefore, dot terminal 4. Hence, 2 and 4 or 1 and 3.
[d] Dot terminal 1; the flux is down in coil 1-2, and down in coil 3-4. Assign
the current into terminal 4; the flux is down in coil 3-4. Therefore, dot
terminal 4. Hence, 1 and 4 or 2 and 3.
P 6.44
[a] W = (0.5)L1 i21 + (0.5)L2 i22 + Mi1 i2

q
M = 0.85 (18)(32) = 20.4 mH

W = [9(36) + 16(81) + 20.4(54)] = 2721.6 mJ
[b] W = [324 + 1296 + 1101.6] = 2721.6 mJ
[c] W = [324 + 1296 1101.6] = 518.4 mJ
[d] W = [324 + 1296 1101.6] = 518.4 mJ
Problems
P 6.45
[a] M = 1.0 (18)(32) = 24 mH,
i1 = 6 A
Therefore 16i22 + 144i2 + 324 = 0,

9
Therefore i2 =
2

631
s
2
9
2
i22 + 9i2 + 20.25 = 0
20.25 = 4.5
Therefore i2 = 4.5 A
[b] No, setting W equal to a negative value will make the quantity under the
square root sign negative.
P 6.46
M
22.8
=
= 0.95
L1 L2
576
= 576 = 24 mH
[a] k =
[b] Mmax
[c]
N 2 P1
N1
L1
= 12
=
L2
N2 P2
N2

2
N1 2
60
=
= 6.25
N2
9.6
N1
= 6.25 = 2.5
N2
. .
P 6.47
[a] L1 = N12 P1 ;
P1 =
d11
P11
=
= 0.2;
d21
P21
72 103
= 1152 nWb/A
6.25 104
P21 = 2P11
.. 1152 109 = P11 + P21 = 3P11

P11 = 192 nWb/A;
q
P21 = 960 nWb/A

q
M = k L1 L2 = (2/3) (0.072)(0.0405) = 36 mH
N2 =
M
36 103
=
= 150 turns
N1P21
(250)(960 109 )
L2
40.5 103
=
= 1800 nWb/A
N22
(150)2
[c] P11 = 192 nWb/A [see part (a)]
22
P22
P2 P12
P2
[d]
=
=
=
1
12
P12
P12
P12
[b] P2 =
P21 = P21 = 960 nWb/A;
P2 = 1800 nWb/A
22
1800
=
1 = 0.875
12
960
632
P 6.48

M2
k 2 L1
[a] L2 =
N1
=
N2
[b] P1 =
P1 =
(0.09)2
= 50 mH
(0.75)2 (0.288)
L1
=
L2
288
= 2.4
50
0.288
L1
=
= 0.2 106 Wb/A
2
N1
(1200)2
P2 =
P 6.49
L2
0.05
=
= 0.2 106 Wb/A
2
N2
(500)2
L1
= 2 nWb/A;
N12
P12 = P21 =
P2 =
L2
= 2 nWb/A;
N22
M = k L1 L2 = 180 H
M
= 1.2 nWb/A
N1 N2
P11 = P1 P21 = 0.8 nWb/A

P 6.50
1
P11
P22
P11
[a] 2 = 1 +
1+
= 1+
k
P12
P12
P21
Therefore
P12P21
k2 =
(P21 + P11)(P12 + P22)

P22
1+
P12

Now note that
1 = 11 + 21 = P11N1i1 + P21N1 i1 = N1i1 (P11 + P21)

and similarly
2 = N2 i2 (P22 + P12)
It follows that
(P11 + P21) =
1
N1 i1
and
(P22 + P12) =
2
N2i2
Therefore
(12/N2 i2 )(21/N1 i1 )
1221
k2 =
=
(1 /N1 i1 )(2/N2 i2)
1 2
or
v
!
u
u 21
k=t
12
2
[b] The fractions (21/1 ) and (12/2 ) are by definition less than 1.0,
therefore k < 1.
Problems
P 6.51
633
When the button is not pressed we have
C2
dv
d
= C1 (vs v)
dt
dt
or
(C1 + C2)
dvs
dv
= C1
dt
dt
dv
C1
dvs
=
dt
(C1 + C2) dt
Assuming C1 = C2 = C
dv
dvs
= 0.5
dt
dt
or
v = 0.5vs (t) + v(0)
When the button is pressed we have
C1
dv
dv
d(v vs )
+ C3 + C2
=0
dt
dt
dt
dv
C2
dvs
..
=
dt
C1 + C2 + C3 dt
Assuming C1 = C2 = C3 = C
dv
1 dvs
=
dt
3 dt
634

1
v = vs (t) + v(0)
3
Therefore interchanging the fixed capacitor and the button has no effect on
the change in v(t).
P 6.52
With no finger touching and equal 10 pF capacitors

v(t) =
10
(vs (t)) + 0 = 0.5vs (t)
20
With a finger touching

Let Ce = equivalent capacitance of person touching lamp
Ce =
Then
(10)(100)
= 9.091 pF
110
C + Ce = 10 + 9.091 = 19.091 pF
.. v(t) =
10
vs = 0.344vs
29.091
.. v(t) = (0.5 0.344)vs = 0.156vs

P 6.53
With no finger on the button the circuit is
C1
d
d
(v vs ) + C2 (v + vs ) = 0
dt
dt
when
C1 = C2 = C
(2C)
dv
=0
dt
Problems
635
With a finger on the button
C1
d(v + vs )
dv
d(v vs )
+ C2
+ C3
=0
dt
dt
dt
(C1 + C2 + C3 )
when
dvs
dvs
dv
+ C2
C1
=0
dt
dt
dt
C1 = C2 = C3 = C
(3C)
dv
=0
dt
.. there is no change in the output voltage of this circuit.

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6

Inductance, Capacitance, and

v(0+ ) = 9.6 + 38.4 = 28.8 V

or t = (ln 4)/900 = 1.54 ms

[c] p = vi = 384e1500t 76.8e600t 307.2e2400t W

CHAPTER 6. Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance

= [0.72 cos 30,000t 0.36 sin 30,000t]e15,000t A,

3 cos 50,000x dx = 100 sin 50,000t V

[b] p(t) = vi = [300 cos 50,000t] sin 50,000t

AP 6.4 [a] Leq =

(0.03e5x ) dx 5 = 0.025e5t 5.025 A

240 106 e10x dx 10 = 12e10t + 2 V

240 106 e10x dx 5 = 3e10t 2 V

AP 6.6 [a] Summing the voltages around mesh 1 yields

Summing the voltages around mesh 2 yields

i2 (0) = 0.01 0.99 + 1 = 0

When t = the circuit reduces to

CHAPTER 6. Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance

20i2 = 0.20 19.80e4t + 20e5t

+0.20 + 19.80e4t 20e5t = [9.8 9.8e4t + 62.72e4t ]

+(185.60 290 + 31.68 + 19.80)e4t = (9.8 + 52.92e4t )

9.8 + 0e5t + (237.08 290)e4t = 9.8 52.92e4t

20i1 = 8 232e4t + 240e5t

800i2 = 8 792e4t + 800e5t

8 792e4t + 800e5t = 125.44e4t

+(371.20 + 232 + 63.36 792)e4t = 125.44e4t

(800 800)e5t + (666.56 792)e4t = 125.44e4t

iL (2) = 0.3e8 + 1.3 = 1.3 A

= (50 106 )(18)[e10t 10te10t ] = 900e10t (1 10t) V

CHAPTER 6. Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance

(from part [b])

imax = 18(0.1)e1 = 662.18 mA

(0.5 50t)(1) = 50t 0.5 W

(50x 0.5) dx + 0.625 103

25t2 0.5t + 2.5 103 J

CHAPTER 6. Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance

120t 600 10t2 + 250 + 30

10t2 + 120t 320 A

[a] i(0) = A1 + A2 = 0.04

[b] i = 0 when 100e10,000t = 60e40,000t

which is not possible!

v = 0 when 20e10,000t = 48e40,000t

CHAPTER 6. Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance

i < 0 for 17.03 s t <

v = 0 when 12e10,000t = 80e40,000t

v > 0 for 63.24 s t <

(inductor delivers energy)

(inductor stores energy)

[c] The energy stored at t = 0 is

6e50,000t 8e80,000t 0.72e20,000t

= (1.2 1 0.36) 104

= 25 103 (200e200t [10 cos 400t + 5 sin 400t]

2 cos 400t = sin 400t

[b] v(2.77 ms) = 125e0.55 sin 1.11 = 64.27 V

= vi = (50 sin 250t)(10 cos 250t)

= 250 sin 500t W

= 1000 cos 2 250t mJ

= (500 + 500 cos 500t) mJ

CHAPTER 6. Inductance, Capacitance, and Mutual Inductance