Analysis of A Short Story of Manto Through Personality Theories

Analysis of a short story of Manto
NAME: SHAHAK
ID: 15006142009
PROGRAME: M.Sc (Psy) B.06
SUBJECT: Personality Theory
SUBMITED TO Ms. Haya Fatimah
UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
Analysis of A short story of Manto through personality theories
Title of the Story: Khol Do ()

This is one of Mantos those
eradicating
evil.
The
ego
has
work for which Manto was charged
disguised the id impulses to calm
with obscenity. This story is in the
down the superego in order to pave
context of partition of Hindustan.
the way to satisfy the aggressive
The land of Hindustan has been
wild impulses of id. Ego tells the
divided into two parts, Hindustan
superego that its aggression for
and Pakistan. Manto witnesses a
good
similar
in
eradicate evil. Superego does not
peoples heart. People who were
interfere, rather appreciate the ego
living together for centuries as the
to carry on the aggression and
people of same land, sharing their
feels proud. Therefore, the id has
happiness and sorrows with each
got free hands to express itself with
other were all a sudden labeled as
no obstacle. Ego has no anxiety but
Hindustani
the appreciation of superego to
sort
of
and
line
drawn
Pakistani,
Hindu
reasons,
the
brutality
of
to
and Muslim, and became strangers
carry
for each other.
impulses. Ego has rationalized
People have bursted out with
on
aggression
id
the aggressive behavior.
aggression in the name of nation
Eros (the life instincts) and
and religion. Ego has rationalized
Thanatos (death instincts) have
the death instinct in the veil of
appeared
distinguishably.
religious and national patriotism.
on
hand
Those who are killing the people in
protection
the name of religion and nations
people on the other hand are trying
think that they are doing it for the
to
good reasons, killing them for the
impulses are not identified and
sake of their religion, for the sake
accepted to be the part of self,
of their nation, for the sake of
when these impulses are denied
one
for
end this
are
life
People
searching
preservation;
life. When the id
and suppressed, they burst out in
the solution to this complexity. This
such a pathological manner. Either
altruistic disposition is necessary to
call them destructive id impulses
carry on the genes to the next
or the shadow archetype, both
generation to be immortal. This can
suggests the same solution, to
be explained in Jungian theory as
acknowledge and accept them as
well.
the part of our nature and let them
disposition to love and care, to
release in a healthy manner and
sacrifice. This is what Manto shows
through proper channel so that it
through this character.
Mother
can serve the life in a productive

way. They need to be sublimated.
This story is about a girl
archetype,
the
In the refugee camp, a

group of volunteer young people
assures
Sakinas
father,
named
named Sakeena. She along with
Siraj Ud Din, that they will find her
her parents flees India on train to
soon. The active young group finds
escape from the Hindu and Sikh
Sakina somewhere in a Jungle one
rioters. But on the way her mother
day.
is killed and she gets lost in the
patriotism and morality. One of the
chaos.
was
boys offers him a coat to cover her
taking the last breaths, she asks
body as she has lost her Dopatta.
Sakinas father, Siraj Ud Din, to
They give her food and serve her
leave her and go away with Sakina.
well. But the id cant be suppressed
This altruistic behavior of Sakinas
for long. Defense mechanisms
mother cant be justified by Freuds
fail and the moral veils are torn off.
theory. This by no means comes in
Sakina is raped. Suppressed id
pleasure
Pleasure
impulses have flooded out. The
principle; it is to get pleasure by
dark side of human nature, be
satisfying the tension produced by
called id impulses in Freuds term
id. It is by no means a sublimated
and Shadow archetype in Jungian
sexual behavior. We need to go to
term. The act of giving the jacket to
evolutionary prospective to find
Sakina to cover her body was a sort
When
her
mother
principle.
Their
heart
is
filled
with
of
reaction
Ego
alive. And there appears cold sweat
of
on doctors face. Again, fighting
removing her cloth by covering her
with id impulses doctors ego fails.
body
has
Superego appears to makes him
obviously saved the ago to be
sweat with the feeling of shame
punished by superego.
and guilt. Ego may use the denial
disguised
formation.
the
with
id
cloth.
impulse
This
act
Sakinas father is still await of

Sakina. He asks those boys about
Sakina every day. They reply in
chorus that she will be found soon.
Suffering
from
moral
anxiety,
mechanism
satisfy
the
superego in order to get out of

shame and guilt saying that it did
not
find
the
scene
sexually
arousing.
they cant see in Sakinas fathers
The
eyes.
obscenity.
Being busy with volunteer
to
story
was
charged
Why?
with
Apparently,
activities, the memory would be
because
repressed
the
unacceptable sentences in the end
unconscious and they will get out
of the story which seem to be
of moral anxiety, satisfying the
morally
superego that they are good now.
through Freudian lenses, it is
deeply
in
One day Siraj Ud Din hears that the

dead body of a young girl has been
brought to hospital. He rushes in
the dark room and identifies the
dead
body
meanwhile
as
Sakina.
doctor
In
the
checks
her
pulses and asks Siraj Ud Din to

open the window , With
this sentence Sakinas hands move
towards
her
Shalwar
and
she
removes her Shalwar. Siraj Ud Din

shouts with excitement that she is
there
are
disgusting.
But
some
looking
because it removes the moral mask

of the human, showing the wild
face of human nature. The boys
who are volunteers, active for the
good reasons, did the rape of a girl
who
belongs
to
their
own
community. This is not acceptable

for the community. This makes
them suffer from anxiety. No, we
cant do so, we are not so. Denial,
Manto is wrong. He is to be
punished.
He
is
putting
us
in
anxiety. This is not our nature. The
something which Freuds theory
ego denies and drags Manto to the
cant explain. According to Freud
Court.
morality is acquired in a social
In the first sight, it seems that

Manto
is
showing
impulses
which
are
so
sometimes
that
much
our
id
savage
floods
out
whipping off the moral values and

civilized heritage. This is exactly
what Freud claims. But there is
another dimension. Manto tries to
show that the morality that has
been internalized from the social
environment is so fragile and very
superficial basis and the entire
statue of morality gets demolished
in the very second of time. He
wants to show that in place of
following
the
social
morality,
setup, from the outer world and

internalized. But we find many
incidents in our daily life where
morality is not stemmed just due to
the social bounds. To resolve this
complex
behavior
we
need
to
consider Jungs theory. Jung says

human
has
an
inner
moral
disposition, an archetype which

can be attained by reaching to one
collective
unconscious.
This
archetypical disposition is activated

when
person
encounters
situation like what faced the hero

of Thanda Gosht.
Therefore, we can say that though
everybody must probe deeply into
Manto
his mind to find out the inner and
exhibited human wild nature so
stable moral dispositions that are
broadly in his stories but he is not
permanent
pessimist
and
cant
be
had
focused
about
on
human
and
overall
demolished at all. This is clearly
nature. He just tries to ask people
evident in another Mantos story,
to be aware that the social morality
Thanda Gosht where the main
is an illusion, a very weak point to
character, a Sikh rioter loses his
be relying on. It is an artificial
sexual potency when he realizes
civilization. To be really moral, one
that the girl whom he is trying to
needs to follow the inner morality
rape
which is empathetic in its nature
is
already
dead.
This
is
because
universal.
it
is
collective
and

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Analysis of a short story of Manto

UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

Analysis of A short story of Manto through personality theories

Title of the Story: Khol Do ()

work for which Manto was charged

disguised the id impulses to calm

with obscenity. This story is in the

down the superego in order to pave

context of partition of Hindustan.

the way to satisfy the aggressive

The land of Hindustan has been

wild impulses of id. Ego tells the

divided into two parts, Hindustan

superego that its aggression for

and Pakistan. Manto witnesses a

eradicate evil. Superego does not

peoples heart. People who were

interfere, rather appreciate the ego

living together for centuries as the

to carry on the aggression and

people of same land, sharing their

feels proud. Therefore, the id has

happiness and sorrows with each

got free hands to express itself with

other were all a sudden labeled as

no obstacle. Ego has no anxiety but

the appreciation of superego to

and Muslim, and became strangers

for each other.

impulses. Ego has rationalized

People have bursted out with

the aggressive behavior.

aggression in the name of nation

Eros (the life instincts) and

and religion. Ego has rationalized

Thanatos (death instincts) have

the death instinct in the veil of

religious and national patriotism.

Those who are killing the people in

the name of religion and nations

people on the other hand are trying

think that they are doing it for the

good reasons, killing them for the

impulses are not identified and

sake of their religion, for the sake

accepted to be the part of self,

of their nation, for the sake of

when these impulses are denied

life. When the id

and suppressed, they burst out in

the solution to this complexity. This

such a pathological manner. Either

altruistic disposition is necessary to

call them destructive id impulses

carry on the genes to the next

or the shadow archetype, both

generation to be immortal. This can

suggests the same solution, to