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    Software Studio: Abstract Data Types

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    singyee123
    This document discusses abstract data types (ADTs) and how they can be implemented using closures in functional programming languages. It provides examples of implementing an abstract Color type using closures to hide the representation (rep) and ensure rep invariants. Additional examples show extending the Color type with methods, creating a mutable ColorChart type, and asserting argument types. ADTs allow encapsulating types to hide internal representation details and maintain representation independence.

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    Software Studio: Abstract Data Types

    Uploaded by

    singyee123
    18K views11 pages
    This document discusses abstract data types (ADTs) and how they can be implemented using closures in functional programming languages. It provides examples of implementing an abstract Color type using closures to hide the representation (rep) and ensure rep invariants. Additional examples show extending the Color type with methods, creating a mutable ColorChart type, and asserting argument types. ADTs allow encapsulating types to hide internal representation details and maintain representation independence.

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    java-adts

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    This document discusses abstract data types (ADTs) and how they can be implemented using closures in functional programming languages. It provides examples of implementing an abstract Color type using closures to hide the representation (rep) and ensure rep invariants. Additional examples show extending the Color type with methods, creating a mutable ColorChart type, and asserting argument types. ADTs allow encapsulating types to hide internal representation details and maintain representation independence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18K views11 pages

    Software Studio: Abstract Data Types

    Uploaded by

    singyee123
    This document discusses abstract data types (ADTs) and how they can be implemented using closures in functional programming languages. It provides examples of implementing an abstract Color type using closures to hide the representation (rep) and ensure rep invariants. Additional examples show extending the Color type with methods, creating a mutable ColorChart type, and asserting argument types. ADTs allow encapsulating types to hide internal representation details and maintain representation independence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    software

    studio
    abstract data types

    Daniel Jackson

    review: why abstract types?


    code organization
    abstract types raise level of client code
    extend repertoire of types beyond the built-ins
    rep invariants
    can ensure that invariants are maintained locally

    plugins
    can replace ADT with different implementation
    eg, can stub network interface
    rep independence
    can change rep without changing client
    choice of rep is an encapsulated design secret
    2

    hiding the rep using closures


    in conventional language
    hide the rep using namespace qualifiers (eg, private)

    in functional language
    can hide the rep using closures

    an abstract type
    var Color = function (r, g, b) {

    var color = {};

    var rgb = [r, g, b];

    color.red = function () {return r;}

    color.green = function () {return g;}

    color.blue = function () {return b;}

    color.toCSS = function () {

    return "rgb(" + rgb.join(",") + ")";

    return color;

    var show = function (c) {

    document.body.style.backgroundColor = c.toCSS();

    };

    how is
    rep
    hidden?

    > blue = Color(0,0,255);

    Object

    > show(blue)

    undefined

    using this

    var Color = function (r, g, b) {

    var rgb = [r, g, b];

    this.red = function () {return r;}

    this.green = function () {return g;}

    this.blue = function () {return b;}

    this.toCSS = function () {

    return "rgb(" + rgb.join(",") + ")";

    > blue = new Color(0,0,255);

    Color

    > show(blue)

    undefined

    prototype method

    Color.prototype.distance = function (c) {

    var sq = function (x) {return x * x;};

    return Math.sqrt(

    sq(c.red() - this.red()) +

    sq(c.green() - this.green()) +

    sq(c.blue() - this.blue()));

    > red = new Color (255,0,0);

    green = new Color (0,255,0);

    Color

    > red.distance(green);

    360.62445840513925

    a mutable type

    var ColorChart = function () {

    // mapping from color names to color objects

    var name_to_color = {};

    // adds mapping from name to color

    this.add = function (name, color) {

    name_to_color[name] = color;

    };

    // returns undefined if no match

    this.lookup = function (name) {

    return name_to_color[name];

    };

    // returns name of color closest to argument

    this.findBestMatch = function (color) {

    var MAX = 500; // larger than any RGB distance

    var shortest_distance = MAX; var best_match;

    for(var name in name_to_color) {

    if(name_to_color.hasOwnProperty(name)) {

    var c = name_to_color[name];

    distance = c.distance(color);

    if (distance < shortest_distance) {

    shortest_distance = distance;

    best_match = name;

    };

    };

    };

    return best_match;

    };

    finding lego color matches

    var lego_colors = [

    ["White", [242, 243, 242]],

    ["Grey", [161, 165, 162]],

    ...]

    var lego_color_chart = new ColorChart();

    lego_colors.each(function (nc) {

    var name = nc[0]; var color = nc[1];

    lego_color_chart.add(nc[0], new Color(color[0], color[1], color[2]));

    });

    > var c = new Color(100,50,150);

    Color

    > document.body.style.backgroundColor = c.toCSS();

    "rgb(100,50,150)"

    > var n = lego_color_chart.findBestMatch(c);

    undefined

    > n

    "Bright violet"

    > var c2 = lego_color_chart.lookup(n);

    > document.body.style.backgroundColor = c2.toCSS();

    "rgb(107,50,123)"

    rep invariant for Color

    var Color = function (r, g, b) {

    var rgb = [r, g, b];

    var inRange = function (x) {return x >= 0 && x <= 255;}

    this.checkRep = function () {

    return inRange(r) && inRange(g) && inRange(b);}

    ...

    > red = new Color (255,0,0);

    Color

    > red.checkRep()

    true

    > red = new Color (256,0,0);

    Color

    > red.checkRep()

    false

    asserting argument type

    var assert = function (msg, pred) {

    if (!pred) alert ("Assertion violation: " + msg);

    var ColorChart = function () {

    var name_to_color = {};

    // adds mapping from name to color

    this.add = function (name, color) {

    assert ("add takes Color", color instanceof Color)

    name_to_color[name] = color;

    };

    ...

    > legoColorChart.add ("black", [0,0,0]);

    undefined

    10

    MIT OpenCourseWare
    http://ocw.mit.edu

    6.170 Software Studio


    Spring 2013

    For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

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