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Software Studio: Functionals

This document discusses functional programming concepts in JavaScript like functionals, generators, and common list processing functions like map, fold, and filter. It provides examples of how to implement these concepts to iterate over and transform arrays. It also discusses a bug in an implementation of the "contains" function and differences in how iteration works in jQuery and ECMAScript 5.

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9K views10 pages

Software Studio: Functionals

This document discusses functional programming concepts in JavaScript like functionals, generators, and common list processing functions like map, fold, and filter. It provides examples of how to implement these concepts to iterate over and transform arrays. It also discusses a bug in an implementation of the "contains" function and differences in how iteration works in jQuery and ECMAScript 5.

Uploaded by

singyee123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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software

studio
functionals

Daniel Jackson

functionals
since functions are first class
can pass functions as arguments
functions that take functions as args
are called functionals
can use functionals
to capture common idioms
examples
generators: a nice way to iterate over structures
list functionals: map, fold (reduce), filter

arrays: a refresher
Javascript operations
push/pop (back)
unshift/shift (front)
splicing
concatenation
autofilling
if set at index beyond length
elements in between set to undefined

> a = [3,5,7]

[3, 5, 7]

> a.push(9)

> a

[3, 5, 7, 9]

> a.unshift(1)

> a

[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

> a.pop()

> a

[1, 3, 5, 7]

> a.shift()

> a

[3, 5, 7]

> a.splice(1,1,6)

[5]

> a

[3, 6, 7]

> a[4] = 8

> a

[3, 6, 7, undefined, 8]

generators (aka iterators)


>>> def elements(a):

>> s = 0;

...

6=> nil

...

for i in range(0, len(a)):


yield a[i]

[1,2,3].each { | e | s+= e }; print s

Ruby

>>> for e in elements ([1,2,3]):

...

print e

Python

each = function (a, body) {

for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) { body(a[i]); }

> sum([1,2,3])
6

how it works (JS and Ruby)


body of loop is function
generate takes body as arg

var sum = function (a) {

var result = 0;

each(a, function (e) {

result += e;

});
return result;
}
4

map

map = function (a, f) {

var result = [];

each (a, function (e) {

result.push(f(e));

});

return result;

type
map: list[A] x (AB) list[B]
> twice = function (x) {return x * 2;}

function (x) {return x * 2;}

> a = [1,2,3]

[1, 2, 3]

> map (a, twice)

[2, 4, 6]

fold (or reduce)

fold = function (a, f, base) {

var result = base;

each (a, function (e) {

result = f(e, result);

});

return result;

type
fold: list[A] x (A x BB) x B B
> times = function (x, y) {return x * y;}

function (x, y) {return x * y;}

> a = [1,2,3]

[1, 2, 3]

> reduce (a, times, 1)

filter

filter = function (a, p) {

var result = [];

each (function (e) {

if (p(e)) result.push(e);

});

return result;

type
filter: list[A] x (ABool) list[A]
> a = [1, 3, 5]

[1, 3, 5]

> filter (a, function (e) {return e < 4; })

[1, 3]

find the bug

contains = function (a, e) {


each(a, function (x) {
if (x === e) return true;
});
return false;
}

> contains([1,2], 1)

false

each to his or her own...

in JQuery
each (collection, callback(index, value))
when callback returns false, iteration stops
in ECMAScript 5
array.forEach (callback(index,value,array))

MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu

6.170 Software Studio


Spring 2013

For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.

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