1/11/2016 SQL ( Str uctur ed Quer y Language) i n one page : SQL.

SU

SQL (Structured Query Language) i

n one page
Table of contents: Database Manipulation (CREATE, DROP DATABASE), Table Manipulation (CREATE, ALTER, DROP
TABLE, Data Types), Index Manipulation (CREATE, DROP INDEX), Data Manipulation (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE,
TRUNCATE TABLE), Select (SELECT, FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING, Operators, Aggregate
functions), Alias, Join, UNION, SELECT INTO/IN, CREATE VIEW.

Database Manipulation
CREATE DATABASE database_name
Create a database CREATE DATABASE My_First_Database
DROP DATABASE database_name
Delete a database DROP DATABASE My_First_Database
CREATE TABLE "table_name"
("column_1" "data_type_for_column_1",
"column_2" "data_type_for_column_2",
... )

Table Manipulation
Create a table in a database. CREATE TABLE Person
(LastName varchar,
FirstName varchar,
Address varchar,
Age int)

Data Types
Data Type Description
integer(size) Hold integers only. The maximum
number of digits are specified in
parenthesis.
int(size)
smallint(size)
tinyint(size)
decimal(size,d) Hold numbers with fractions. The
numeric(size,d)
maximum number of digits are
specified in "size". The maximum
number of digits to the right of the
decimal is specified in "d".
char(size) Holds a fixed length string (can
contain letters, numbers, and special
characters). The fixed size is specified
in parenthesis.
varchar(size) Holds a variable length string (can
contain letters, numbers, and special
characters). The maximum size is
specified in parenthesis.
date(yyyymmdd) Holds a date
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype
Add columns in an existing table. ALTER TABLE Person ADD Sex char(6)
ALTER TABLE table_name DDROP column_name datatype
Delete columns in an existing table.
ALTER TABLE Person DROP Sex char(6)
DROP TABLE table_name
Delete a table. DROP TABLE Person
CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name_1, column_name_2, ...)
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name (column_name_1, column_name_2, ...)

Index Manipulation
Create a simple index. CREATE INDEX PersonIndex
ON Person (LastName, FirstName)

Create a unique index. CREATE UNIQUE INDEX PersonIndex

ON Person (LastName DESC)
DROP INDEX table_name.index_name
Delete a index. DROP INDEX Person.PersonIndex
INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value_1, value_2,....)
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2,...)
VALUES (value_1, value_2,....)
UPDATE table_name
SET column_name_1 = new_value_1, column_name_2 =
new_value_2
WHERE column_name = some_value
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE column_name = some_value

Data Manipulation
Insert new rows into a table. INSERT INTO Persons
VALUES('Hussein', 'Saddam', 'White House')
http://www.cheat sheets.or g/si tes/sql .su/ 1/3
INSERT INTO Persons (LastName, FirstName, Address)
VALUES('Hussein', 'Saddam', 'White House')
Update one or several columns in rows. UPDATE Person
SET Address = 'ups'
WHERE LastName = 'Hussein'
Delete rows in a table. DELETE FROM Person WHERE LastName = 'Hussein'
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name
Deletes the data inside the table. TRUNCATE TABLE Person

Select
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
Select data from a table. SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM Persons
SELECT * FROM table_name
Select all data from a table. SELECT * FROM Persons
SELECT DISTINCT column_name(s) FROM table_name
Select only distinct (different) data from a table.
SELECT DISTINCT LastName, FirstName FROM Persons
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
Select only certain data from a table. SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE sex='female'
WHERE column operator value
AND column operator value
OR column operator value
AND (... OR ...)
...
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE Year>1970
SELECT * FROM Persons

Operators
Operator Description
= Equal
<> Not equal
> Greater than
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE FirstName='Saddam'
WHERE FirstName='Saddam'
AND LastName='Hussein'
1/11/2016 SQL ( Str uctur ed Quer y Language) i n one page : SQL.SU
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal
<= Less than or equal
BETWEEN Between an inclusive range
LIKE Search for a pattern.
A "%" sign can be used to define wildcards
(missing letters in the pattern) both before
and after the pattern.
OR LastName='Hussein'
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE
(FirstName='Tove' OR FirstName='Stephen')
AND LastName='Svendson'
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE 'O%'
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE '%a'
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName LIKE '%la%'
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name

WHERE column_name IN (value1, value2, ...)

The IN operator may be used if you know the exact value
you want to return for at least one of the columns.
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
ORDER BY row_1, row_2 DESC, row_3 ASC, ...
Select data from a table with sort the rows.
Note:
ASC (ascend) is a alphabetical and numerical order
(optional)
DESC (descend) is a reverse alphabetical and numerical
order
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE LastName IN ('Hansen','Pettersen')
SELECT * FROM Persons
ORDER BY LastName
SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Persons
ORDER BY LastName DESC
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders
ORDER BY Company DESC, OrderNumber ASC
SELECT column_1, ..., SUM(group_column_name)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY group_column_name
GROUP BY... was added to SQL because aggregate
functions (like SUM) return the aggregate of all column values
every time they are called, and without the GROUP BY
function it was impossible to find the sum for each individual
group of column values.

Some aggregate functions

Function Description
AVG(column) Returns the average value of a
column
COUNT(column) Returns the number of rows (without
a NULL value) of a column
MAX(column) Returns the highest value of a
column
MIN(column) Returns the lowest value of a
column
SUM(column) Returns the total sum of a column
SELECT column_1, ..., SUM(group_column_name)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY group_column_name
HAVING SUM(group_column_name) condition value
HAVING... was added to SQL because the WHERE
keyword could not be used against aggregate functions (like
SUM), and without HAVING... it would be impossible to test
for result conditions.

Alias
SELECT Company, SUM(Amount)
FROM Sales
GROUP BY Company
SELECT Company, SUM(Amount)
FROM Sales
GROUP BY Company
HAVING SUM(Amount)>10000
SELECT column_name AS column_alias FROM table_name Column name alias SELECT LastName AS Family, FirstName AS Name
FROM Persons
SELECT table_alias.column_name FROM table_name AS
table_alias
SELECT column_1_name, column_2_name, ...
FROM first_table_name
INNER JOIN second_table_name
ON first_table_name.keyfield =
second_table_name.foreign_keyfield
SELECT column_1_name, column_2_name, ...
FROM first_table_name
LEFT JOIN second_table_name

ON first_table_name.keyfield =
second_table_name.foreign_keyfield
SELECT column_1_name, column_2_name, ...
FROM first_table_name
RIGHT JOIN second_table_name
ON first_table_name.keyfield =
second_table_name.foreign_keyfield
SQL_Statement_1
UNION
SQL_Statement_2
SQL_Statement_1
UNION ALL
SQL_Statement_2
SELECT column_name(s)
INTO new_table_name
FROM source_table_name
WHERE query
Table name alias SELECT LastName, FirstName
FROM Persons AS Employees

Join
The INNER JOIN returns all rows from both tables where
there is a match. If there are rows in first table that do not have
matches in second table, those rows will not be listed.
The LEFT JOIN returns all the rows from the first table,
even if there are no matches in the second table. If there are
rows in first table that do not have matches in second table,
those rows also will be listed.
The RIGHT JOIN returns all the rows from the second
table, even if there are no matches in the first table. If there had
been any rows in second table that did not have matches in first
table, those rows also would have been listed.

UNION
Select all different values from SQL_Statement_1 and
SQL_Statement_2
Select all values from SQL_Statement_1 and
SQL_Statement_2

SELECT INTO/IN
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Employees
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Employees
LEFT JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
SELECT Employees.Name, Orders.Product
FROM Employees
RIGHT JOIN Orders
ON Employees.Employee_ID=Orders.Employee_ID
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Norway
UNION
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_USA
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_Norway
UNION
SELECT E_Name FROM Employees_USA
Select data from table(S) and insert it into another table. SELECT * INTO Persons_backup FROM Persons
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1/11/2016 SQL ( Str uctur ed Quer y Language) i n one page : SQL.SU
SELECT column_name(s)
IN external_database_name
FROM source_table_name
WHERE query
CREATE VIEW view_name AS
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name

WHERE condition
Select data from table(S) and insert it in another database. SELECT Persons.* INTO Persons IN 'Backup.db' FROM
Persons WHERE City='Sandnes'

CREATE VIEW
Create a virtual table based on the resultset of a SELECT
statement.

OTHER
Public Domian 20062015 Alexander Krassotkin

CREATE VIEW [Current Product List] AS

SELECT ProductID, ProductName
FROM Products
WHERE Discontinued=No
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