Scribd
Upload
41 views

Mathnotes

This document discusses properties of real numbers. It defines different types of real numbers like integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and provides examples of each. Rules for operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of real numbers are explained along with properties like commutative, associative, distributive, identity, inverse, and opposite properties. It also discusses concepts like absolute value, conditional statements, solving one-step and multi-step equations and inequalities.

Uploaded by

api-324427246
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views

Mathnotes

This document discusses properties of real numbers. It defines different types of real numbers like integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and provides examples of each. Rules for operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of real numbers are explained along with properties like commutative, associative, distributive, identity, inverse, and opposite properties. It also discusses concepts like absolute value, conditional statements, solving one-step and multi-step equations and inequalities.

Uploaded by

api-324427246
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Chapter 2: Properties of Real Numbers

2.1 Integers and Rational Numbers


Whole numbers: W/ 0,1,2,3
Integers: Z: -3,-2..
Positive Integers:Z+ = 1,2,3
Negative Integers: Z-; -1,-2.
*Zero is neither negative or positive
-2 is greater than -1
The Rational Numbers:is a number in the form of a/b when b is not equal
to zero. Ex. .5 , .3 , 5/1
Real Numbers: are whole numbers, integers, and rational numbers
Decimals: In decimal form, a rational number either terminates or
repeats. Ex. .75, .3,
W

Rational Number

Yes

Yes

Yes

.06

No

No

Yes

-2.3..

No

Yes

Yes

Number

Example 1. Stars color index is measured by ten temperature of the star.


The greater color index, the colder the star. Order the stars in table from
hottest to coolest.
Star
Color Index

4. Arneb

3. Denebola

2. Rigel

1. Shaula

0.21

0.09

-0.03

-.22

*Opposites: are two numbers that are the same distance from zero on a
number line but are on opposite sides of 0.
Opposite of zero is ZERO.
-a: the opposite of a
If a= -25, then the opposite is -a= -(-25)=25
If a= .75, then the opposite is -a= -(.75)=-.75

Absolute Value: of a number,a, is the distance between a and o, on a


number line.
A conditional Statement: has a hypothesis and a conclusion and it is going
to be in the a
If-then form Ex: If hypothesis, then conclusion.
*Note: An if then statement is true if the conclusion is always true when the
hypothesis is satisfied.
*Note: An if then statement is false, if for just one example knows as
counterexample the conclusion is false when the conclusion is satisfied.
Conditional Statement: If a number is rational, then the number is an
integer. (False)*0.6 the rational number but not an integer*
If a number is a rational number, then the number is positive.(False)*2 2/3 is a rational number but is not positive*
If the number is a rational number, it is negative and positive.
If the absolute value of a number is positive, the number is positive.(True)
2.2 Add Real Numbers
Rules for Addition:
to add two numbers with same sign, add their absolute values:
Keep the same sign as the numbers added. -3+(-2)=-5
Two numbers different sign subtract and keep the sign of the
greater absolute value. Ex: 5+(-9)=-4, -12+7=-5
Properties of Addition
Commutative Property: a+b=b+a ex: 3+1=1+3=4
Associative Property: (a+b)+c = a+(b+c)
Identity Property: a+0 = 0+a=a---> is the additive inverse
Inverse Property: a+(-a)=-a+a=0-----> is the additive inverse in the inverse
property.
2.3 Subtract Real Numbers
Subtraction problems can be written as addition problems.
Definition of Subtraction: 5-1=4 because 4+1=5
Subtraction Rule: a-b=a+(-b)
-4+-2=-6, 3+3=6,
a-b=a+(-b)
a.-31 b.25
The change in temperature was @ 63 F-(-23 F)= -84 degree difference

2.4 Multiply Real Numbers


* The product of two real numbers with the same sign is positive.
-1*-3=3
*The product of two real numbers with different sign is negative.
-8*7=-56
Properties of Multiplication:
Commutative Property: a*b=b*a
Associative Property: a*b*c=a(b*c)
Identity Property: a*1=1*a=a
Property of Zero
a(0)=0(a)=0
Property of -1. The product of a number and -1 is the opposite of the
number. a(-1)=-a
2.6 Divide Real Numbers
The reciprocal of a nonzero number a is 1/a and it is the multiplicative
inverse of a. ( 5/ 1 )=1

b. 7 ( 6 )=1
*Inverse property of multiplication. The product of a nonzero number and its
multiplicative inverse is 1.
* Division Rule
To divide a number a by a number a by a nonzero number b multiply a by
1
the multiplicative inverse of b. a b=a b

ex: 5 2=5

Signs Rules for Division: The quotient of two real numbers with same sign
is positive.
*The quotient of two real numbers with different sign is negative.
* The quotient of zero and any nonzero,real number zero.
Find the mean------- average
Ex: Ms. De Loera in her History of Math tests got 63%,75%,80%,&89% on
her test what is the mean. 63+75+80+ 89 4 =
2.5 Distributive Property

307
= 76.75%(.30)= 23.025
4

equivalent expressions: are two expressions that


have the same value for all values of the variable
Distributive Property: is use to find the product of a number and a sum or
difference. a(b+c)=ab+ac, (b+c)a=ab=ac,a(b-c)=ab-ac. (b-c)a=ba-ca
Terms and coefficients: The parts of an expression that are added together
are called term. -x(term)+2x(term)+8(term) Coefficients: the number with a
variable
Constants: the terms with no variable(s).
Like terms are terms that have the same variables ex: -7y+8-6y-13
coefficients: -7,-6 constants:8,-13 a.2x+6
b.-4+1y
c.-3m+15
PWND
2.7 Find Square Roots and Compare Real Numbers
4 2=16 4 and negative are square root of 16
*square root of number: if b2=a then b is a square root of a
a=9 b2=9
3 2=9 a.-6,6 b. 7 c.-2 d.-3 e.5 f.-8,8
Irrational number: is the square root of a whole number that is not a perfect
square. ,
An irrational number cannot be written as quotient of two integers
The decimal form of an irrational number neither terminates or repeats.
*an irrational number is a real number
Number

Real
Numbers

Rational
Number

Irrational
Number

Integer

Whole
Number

no

no

yes

no

no

yes

no

yes

no

10 10 ,

yes

yes

yes

no

yes

no

Rewrite Conditional statements in the if and then form. Given no fractions


are irrational number. If a number is fraction then it is an integer number.
Given: All real number are rational. FALSE
All square roots of perfect squares are rational numbers. True If they are
perfect squares, then they are rational numbers.
3.1 Solve one Step Equations
Inverse operations: two operations that undo each other
*Equivalent equations:are equations that have the same solution. Happens
when you form the same inverse operations on each side of equations.
Addition Property of Equality: If x-a=b, then z-a+a=b+a or x=b+a
*Subtraction Property of Equality: If x+a=b, then x+a-a=b-a or x=b-a
Multiplication Property of Equality: If

x
=b then a x/a=ab or x=a*b
a

Division Property of Equality: If ax=b then ax/a=b/a or x=b/a


7x-4x=21
The output of a function is three less than 5 times the input. Find the input
when the output is seventeen. five(x)+2=17
Solving One Step Inequalities
2 x 4

x 2

Solving Multi Step Equations


1

( 2 x+2)-2x 5

You might also like