Astm A574
Astm A574
Astm A574
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel hexagon socket-head cap screws, 0.060
through 4 in. in diameter where high strength is required.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
NOTE 1A complete metric companion to Specification A574 has been developedA574M; therefore no metric equivalents are presented in this
specification.
1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portions, sections 5.1, 5.6, 8, and 12, of this specification. This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
to use.
2. Referenced Documents
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4. Ordering Information
4.1 Orders for socket head cap screws under this specification shall include the following information:
4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue.
4.1.2 Name of the screw (SHCS).
4.1.3 Quantity (number of pieces by size).
4.1.4 Dimensions, including nominal thread designation, thread pitch, and nominal screw length.
4.2 Orders for socket head cap screws shall include the following optional requirements if specified by the purchaser:
4.2.1 Inspection at point of manufacture.
4.2.2 Coating, if a protective finish other than those, which are described in 5.5 is required, it must be specified (see 5.6).
4.2.3 Certified test reports, as required (see Section 15).
4.2.4 Additional testing (see 12.1).
4.2.5 Special packaging (see 18.1.2).
4.2.6 Supplementary requirements (see S1).
4.2.7 Special requirements.
4.2.8 For establishment of a part identifying system, see ASME B18.24.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 The screws shall be fabricated from alloy steel made to a fine grain practice. In the event of controversy over grain size,
referee tests on finished screws conducted in accordance with Test Methods E112 shall prevail.
5.2 Screws in sizes through 0.750 in. diameter, and with lengths through ten times the nominal product size or 6.0 inches,
whichever is shorter, shall be cold headed, except that when specified by the purchaser the screws shall be hot headed. Larger sizes
and longer lengths shall be cold or hot headed at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.
Screws larger than 1.500 in. nominal diameter shall be permitted to be machined. Sockets shall be forged or machined at the option
of the manufacturer.
5.3 Screws in sizes through 0.625 in. diameter, and for product lengths through 4 in. shall be roll threaded, unless otherwise
specified by the purchaser. Larger products shall be rolled, cut, or ground at the option of the manufacturer.
5.4 Screws shall be heat treated by quenching in oil from above the transformation temperature and then tempered by reheating
to at least 700F to achieve the mechanical properties specified in Section 7 and Table 1.
5.4.1 When specified by the purchaser, the minimum tempering temperature shall be verified by subjecting screws to 680F for
30 minutes at temperature. The mean cross section hardness of three readings on the screw before and after retempering shall not
differ by more than 2 points hardness Rockwell C (HRC).
5.5 Standard FinishesUnless otherwise specified, the screws shall be furnished with one of the following standard surfaces
as manufactured at the option of the manufacturer: (1) bright uncoated, (2) thermal black oxide, or (3) chemical black oxide.
Hydrogen embrittlement tests shall not be required for screws furnished in these conditions.
5.6 Protective Coatings:
5.6.1 When a protective finish other than as specified in 5.5 is required, it shall be specified on the purchase order with the
applicable finish specification.
5.6.2 When protective or decorative coatings are applied to the screws, precautions specified by the coating requirements to
minimize internal hydrogen embrittlement shall be exercised. Additional precautions such as the requirements in Test Method
F1940 and Test Methods F606 shall be by agreement with the purchaser.
>0.500 in.
Nom. Dia.
180
140
170
135
Product hardness:
Rockwell (HRC)
3945
3745
153
180
10 %
35 %
153
170
10 %
35 %
Property
Full-size screws:
Tensile or wedge tensile strength, min, ksi
Proof load (stress), ksi
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6. Chemical Composition
6.1 The screws shall be alloy steel conforming to the chemical composition specified in Table 2 and the requirements in
Specification F2282. See Supplementary Requirement S1 when additional alloy steel grades are required.
6.2 One or more of the following alloying elements: chromium, nickel, molybdenum, or vanadium shall be present in sufficient
quantity to ensure that the specified strength properties are met after oil quenching and tempering. As a guide for selecting material,
an alloy steel should be capable of meeting the specified mechanical requirements if the as oil quenched core hardness one
diameter from the point is equal to or exceeds 25 HRC + (55 carbon content).
6.3 When product analyses are made by the purchaser from finished screws representing each lot, the chemical composition,
thus determined, shall conform to the requirements prescribed for product analysis in Table 2.
6.4 Steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium, or lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted.
6.5 Chemical analyses shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751.
7. Mechanical Properties
7.1 Socket head cap screws shall be tested in accordance with the mechanical testing requirements specified in Table 3, and shall
meet the mechanical requirements in Table 1, and either Table 4 or Table 5.
7.2 The screws that are tested for wedge tensile strength shall utilize a wedge of the angle specified in Table 6 under the head.
To meet the requirements of the wedge test, there must be a tensile failure in the body or thread section. For the purpose of this
test, failure means separation into two pieces. Screws threaded to the head shall pass the requirements for this test if the fracture
that caused failure originated in the thread area, even though it may have propagated into the fillet area or the head before
separation.
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8. Metallurgical Requirement
8.1 Carburization or Decarburization :
8.1.1 There shall be no evidence of carburization or total decarburization on the surfaces of the heat-treated screws when
measured in accordance with Test Method F2328 (Class 3 Product).
8.1.2 The depth of partial decarburization shall be limited to the values in Test Method F2328 (Class 3 Product) when measured
as described therein.
9. Dimensions
9.1 Unless otherwise specified, the product shall conform to the requirements of ASME B18.3.
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
10.1 Surface DiscontinuitiesThe surface discontinuities for these products shall conform to Specification F788/F788M and
the additional limitations specified herein.
10.2 Forging Cracks:
10.2.1 Forging cracks that connect the socket to the periphery of the head as shown in Fig. 1 are not permissible.
10.2.2 Forging cracks originating on the periphery of the head and with a traverse indicating a potential to intersect on the top
of the socket head as shown in Fig. 1 are not permissible.
10.2.3 Other forging cracks are permissible provided those that are located in the bearing area, fillet, and top surfaces do not
have a depth exceeding 0.03D or 0.005 in., whichever is greater. For peripheral discontinuities, the maximum depth shall be 0.06D
or 0.064 in., whichever is greater (see Fig. 1).
10.2.4 Forging cracks located in the socket wall within 0.1 times the actual key engagement (T) from the bottom of the socket
are not permissible. Discontinuities located elsewhere in the socket shall not have a length exceeding 0.25T, or a maximum depth
of 0.03D or 0.005 in., whichever is greater (see Fig. 2).
10.3 Seams in the shank shall not exceed a depth of 0.03D or 0.005 in., whichever is greater.
Heat
Analysis
Product
Analysis
0.33
0.035
0.040
0.31
0.040
0.045
See 6.2
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TABLE 3 Mechanical Testing Requirements
Item
1
2
3
4
4
5
Description
Tensile
Load,
min, lb
Decarb/
Hardness, Hardness,
Carburization
max
min
Product
Length
All short
{
Less than
lengths
3D A
#0.5 in. D #270,000 3D to 1.5
in.
#0.5 in. D #270,000 Over 3D
>0.5 in. D <270,000 Over 3D
>0.5 in. D #270,000 Over 3D
>0.5 in. D >270,000 Over 3D
B
B
B
B
Proof
Load
Wedge
Tensile
Strength
Axial
Tensile
Strength
Yield
Strength
at 0.2%
Offset
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
B
B
Z
ZC
ZC
ZC
X
XC
XC
...
...
...
...
XC
Y
YC
YC
YC
Tensile
% Red.
Elongation
Strength
of Area
Y
YC
YC
YC
Y
YC
YC
YC
YC
YC
YC
YC
Threads/
in.
64
56
48
40
40
32
32
24
20
18
16
14
13
11
10
9
8
7
7
6
6
5
412
412
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
Tensile
Load,
min, lbf A
Stress
Area,
in.2 B
473
666
877
090
430
640
520
150
730
440
900
100
500
400
800
500
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
0.00263
0.00370
0.00487
0.00604
0.00796
0.00909
0.0140
0.0175
0.0318
0.0524
0.0775
0.1063
0.1419
0.226
0.334
0.462
0.606
0.763
0.969
1.155
1.405
1.90
2.50
3.25
4.00
4.93
5.97
7.10
8.33
9.66
11.08
1
1
1
2
3
5
9
13
19
25
38
56
78
103
129
165
196
239
323
425
552
680
838
010
210
420
640
880
Proof Load
(Length
Measurement
Method),
min, lbf C
1
1
1
2
4
7
10
14
19
30
45
62
81
103
131
156
190
256
338
439
540
666
806
958
1 120
1 300
1 500
368
518
682
846
110
270
960
450
450
340
800
900
900
500
100
400
800
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
Values based on 180 ksi for 0.500 and smaller and 170 ksi for sizes larger than
0.500 in. and stress area in accordance with Footnote B.
B
Stress areas based on Handbook H-28 (U.S. Department of Commerce) as
follows:
A s 5 0.7854 fD 2 s0.9743/n d g 2
where:
As
D
n
= stress area,
= nominal screw size, and
= threads/in.
Values based on 140 ksi for 0.500 and smaller and 135 ksi for sizes larger than
0.500 in. and stress area in accordance with Footnote B.
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TABLE 5 Tensile Requirements for Fine Thread Screws
Screw
Dia (D),
in.
Threads/
in.
0.060
0.073
0.086
0.099
0.112
0.125
0.138
0.164
0.190
0.250
0.3125
0.375
0.4375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.500
80
72
64
56
48
44
40
36
32
28
24
24
20
20
18
16
14
12
12
12
12
12
Tensile
Load,
min, lbf A
Stress
Area,
in.2 B
324
500
709
941
1 190
1 490
1 830
2 650
3 600
6 500
10 400
15 800
21 400
28 800
43 500
63 400
86 500
113 000
146 000
182 000
224 000
269 000
0.00180
0.00278
0.00394
0.00523
0.00661
0.00830
0.01015
0.01474
0.0200
0.0364
0.0580
0.0878
0.1187
0.1599
0.256
0.373
0.509
0.663
0.856
1.073
1.315
1.581
Proof Load
(Length
Measurement
Method)
min, lbf C
1
1
2
2
5
8
12
16
22
34
50
68
89
116
145
178
213
252
389
552
732
925
160
420
060
800
100
120
300
600
400
600
400
700
500
000
000
000
000
Values based on 180 ksi for 0.500 and smaller and 170 ksi for sizes larger than
0.500 in. and stress area in accordance with Footnote B.
Stress areas based on H-28 as follows:
A s 5 0.7854 fD 2 s0.9743/n d g
where:
As
D
n
= stress area,
= nominal screw size, and
= threads/in.
Values based on 140 ksi for 0.500 and smaller and 135 ksi for sizes larger than
0.500 in. and stress area in accordance with Footnote B.
Body Lengths
2D or Less
or Threaded
to the Head
Body Lengths
Greater than 2D
6
6
4
10
8
6
10.4 Thread DiscontinuitiesThreads shall have no laps at the root or on the flanks located below the pitch line, as shown in
Fig. 3, when inspected in accordance with Specification F788/F788M, S1.2. Laps are permissible at the thread crest (Fig. 3C) to
a depth of 25 % of the basic thread height and on the thread flanks above the pitch diameter. Longitudinal seams rolled beneath
the root of the thread and across the crests of the threads are acceptable within the limits of 10.3.
11. Sampling and Number of Tests
11.1 Guide F1470 shall be used to determine the necessary sampling plan and the number of tests that must be performed to
demonstrate that all of the requirements of this standard are met for each lot.
12. Test Methods
12.1 Testing, to demonstrate that the requirements in 5.4.1, Section 7, or any additional mechanical tests that are required by
the purchaser have been met, shall be in accordance with Test Methods F606 at room temperature.
12.2 The inspection and evaluation of surface discontinuities shall be in accordance with the requirements in Specification
F788/F788M.
12.3 Decarburization and carburization tests shall be conducted in accordance with Test Method F2328, Class 3.
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13. Inspection
13.1 If the inspection described in 13.2 is required by the purchaser, it shall be specified in the inquiry and contract or order.
Copyright ASTM International
Provided by IHS under license with ASTM
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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A574 13
13.2 The purchasers representative, upon reasonable notice, shall have free entry to all parts of the manufacturers works, or
suppliers place of business, that concern the manufacture or supply of the material ordered. The manufacturer or supplier shall
afford the purchasers representative all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with
this specification. All tests and inspections required by the specification that are requested by the purchasers representative shall
be made before shipment, and shall be conducted so as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the manufacturers
works or suppliers place of business.
14. Rejection and Rehearing
14.1 The disposition of nonconforming lots shall be in accordance with the provisions found in Guide F1470.
15. Certification
15.1 When specified on the Purchase Order, the manufacturer or supplier, as applicable, shall furnish a test report or certificate
of conformance as specified by the purchaser.
15.2 When a test report is specified, it shall include the heat number and the results of the chemical composition, mechanical
properties, metallurgical requirements, dimensional tests, and workmanship requirements.
15.3 When a certificate of conformance is specified, it shall include a statement certifying the fasteners have been manufactured,
tested and inspected, and that they either conform or do not conform to the requirements of this specification.
16. Responsibility
16.1 The party responsible for the fastener shall be the organization that supplies the fastener to the purchaser.
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17. Product Marking
17.1 All screws with nominal diameters of 14 in. and larger manufactured to this revision shall be permanently marked to
identify the manufacturers or private label distributors identification symbol. Marking for Socket Head Cap Screws shall be
on the side of the head or on top.
17.2 Manufacturers or private label distributors identification shall be distinct.
NOTE 2Manufacturing head markings should be unique and traceable directly to the manufacturer, and comply with governmental regulations where
applicable.
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following Supplementary Requirement shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
contract or purchase order. Supplementary requirements shall in no way negate any requirement of the
specification itself.
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TABLE S1.1 Chemical Composition
Grade
Designation
4137
4142
4145
4340
8740
5137M
51B37M
UNS Number
G41370
G41420
G41450
G43400
G87400
...
...
0.350.40
0.330.42
0.400.45
0.380.47
0.430.48
0.410.50
0.380.43
0.360.45
0.380.43
0.360.45
0.350.40
0.330.42
0.330.40
0.310.42
0.700.90
0.670.93
0.751.00
0.711.04
0.751.00
0.711.04
0.600.80
0.570.83
0.751.00
0.711.04
0.300.50
0.270.53
0.300.50
0.270.53
0.035
0.040
0.035
0.040
0.035
0.040
0.035
0.040
0.035
0.040
0.035
0.040
0.035
0.040
0.040
0.045
0.040
0.045
0.040
0.045
0.040
0.045
0.040
0.045
0.040
0.045
0.040
0.045
0.150.35
0.130.37
0.150.35
0.130.37
0.150.35
0.130.37
0.150.35
0.130.37
0.150.35
0.130.37
0.150.35
0.130.37
0.150.35
0.130.37
Carbon:
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Manganese:
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Phosphorus, max:
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Sulfur, max:
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Silicon:
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Nickel:
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Chromium:
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Molybdenum:
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
Boron:
Heat Analysis
Product Analysis
A
B
...
0.400.70
0.370.73
...
1.652.00
1.652.05
...
...
...
0.801.10
0.751.15
0.801.10
0.751.15
0.801.10
0.751.15
0.700.90
0.670.93
0.400.60
0.370.63
0.901.20
0.851.25
0.951.25
0.901.30
0.150.25
0.130.27
0.150.25
0.130.27
0.150.25
0.130.27
0.200.30
0.180.32
0.200.30
0.180.32
...
...
0.00050.003
...
...
...
...
...
...
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
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Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A574 11A574 12 that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2012.)2013.)
(1) Revised Table 3 to include mechanical test requirements for nominal diameters over 0.5 in. and <270,000 lb minimum tensile
load.product less than or equal to 270,000 lb, for item 4.
Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A574 08A574 11 that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2012.)
(1) Added purchasersRevised Table 3 option to request proof load test into include mechanical test requirements for nominal Table
3, item 3.diameters over 0.5 in. and <270,000 lb minimum tensile load.
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