A Proposed Design of Ice Plant
A Proposed Design of Ice Plant
A Proposed Design of Ice Plant
T = Brine temperature
X = Thickness of ice
t=
t = 39.65 hrs
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS:
Raw Water Temperature = 80.6F (27C)
Freezing Temperature = 32F (0C)
Brine Temperature = 15.58F (-9.12C)
Ice Temperature = 25.58F (-3.5667 C)
Q3 = raising the temperature of water from its freezing temperature to the brine
temperature
= (mass) (specific heat of water) (temperature difference)
= (30,000 kg/day) (2.093 KJ/kg-k) (0-9.12) (1/24) (1/3600)
= 6.628 KW
QT = (39.253 KW + 123.264 KW + 6.628 KW)
= 169.145 KW
For typical ice plant there is 15% allowance, therefore
Qt = Qt + Qt (.15)
= 169.145 + 169.145(.15)
= 194.52 KW
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS:
Raw Water Temperature = 80.6F (27C)
Freezing Temperature = 32F (0C)
Brine Temperature = 15.58F (-9.12C)
Ice Temperature = 25.58F (-3.5667 C)
Use a tube made of B.I. Pipe, 1D. the area of one length of the B.I. Pipe 1D is
6.89 ft2. In determining the surface area of the condenser, using the equation
from the book Principles of Refrigeration by R. J. Dossat, 2nd Editon page 316,
Q=AxUxD
where:
Q = condenser capacity, Btu / hr; use 837,130.401 Btu/hr
A = surface area of the condenser, ft2
D = temperature difference between the condensing refrigerant and the
condensing medium, F; use 10 F
U = overall heat transfer coefficient in Btu/hr-ft2-F
from the book Design Values of U for Metallic Surfaces of Refrigeration
Engineering by Macintire & Hutchinson, page 263,
the overall conductance factor for shell-and-tube condenser is 150 to 300 Btu/hrft2-F. Use 200 Btu/hr-ft2-F
A=Q/UxD
= 837,130.401 Btu/hr-ft2-F/225(10F)
= 372.057 ft2
A = 372.057 + 15% allowance
= 372.057 + 372.057(.15)
= 427.867 ft2
no. of tubes = A / surface area of the tube used
m = Qr/ (h1 h3) = 245.277KW / 1443.9 kJ/kg 390.587 kJ/kg
m = .233 kg/s
Volume flow rate, f
F = m/of ammonia = 681.92 kg/m3
f = (0.233kg/s) / (681.92 kg/m3)
f = 3.415x10-4 m3/s
Pipe Size
Q = AV
(use velocity of 2 m/s from INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATION HANDBOOK, CHAPTER 9
PIPE SIZING, page 349.)
3.415x10-4 m3/s = [D2 (2 m/s)]/ 4
D = 0.0147 m
= 0.557 in (use B.I pipe with nominal diameter of 1 in)
use 1.315in diameter from (http://gotocfr.com/tools/pipe-schedule.pdf)
= (1.315in) (1 ft/12 in) (20 ft)
= 6.89 ft2 per length of B.I. Pipe
= 427.867 ft2 / 6.89 ft2/ length
= 62.14 length of B.I. pipe
= 63 length of B.I. Pipe 1 D
ENTHALPIES
The enthalpies can be calculated by knowing this two
temperatures from the compressor model # VZ6AVT(HASEGAWA), the
interpolation:
= 1443.9 kJ / kg
= hf @ 40C = 390.587 kJ / kg
= S2 = Sg @ -15 C = 5.827 kJ/kg K
= h1 = 1,557 kpa = 1720 kJ/ kg
= h3
CONDENSER
Qr = mr ( h2 h3 )
where:
Qr = heat rejected
Qa = mr ( h1 h2 )
mr = Qa / ( h1-h3 )
= 194.52 / (1443.9 390.587)
= .1845 kg/s
Qr = .1845 kg/s (1720 -390.587 )
= 245.277 KW
Mass of cooling water
Assuming:
Water outlet temperature = 30 - 32C
Water inlet temperature = 26 - 28C
mw = Qr / cp ( T )
= 245.277 / 4.187 kJ/kg K) ( 31 27)
= 14.65 kg/s
FLOW RATE
f = Mw/Pw
= 14.65 kg/s / 1000 kg/m3
= .0146 m3/s
now that we have L, we can calculate the actual center distance by the equation
7-4 and 7-5 from the book Machine Elements in Mechanical Design by Robert L.
Mott
C=
B = 4L 6.28 ( D2 + D1 )
= 4(136.04) 6.28 (21.1 + 13.9)
= 324.36
Solving for C
C=
= 40.38
Number of Belts
1 = 180 2 sin-1 [(D2 D1) / 2C]
= 180 2 sin-1 [(21.1 10.8) / 40.38]
= 154
Determine the correction factors from Figure 7-14 and Figure 7-15
Elements in Mechanical Design by Robert L. Mott
For 1 = 154
C = 0.93; For L = 140 in; CL = 1.0
Corrected Power = C x L x CL
= (0.93) (27.69) (1.0)
= 25.75 hp
Number of Belts = 439.94 / 19.32
= 2.8 (use 3 belts)
LIQUID RECIEVER
The size of the liquid receiver is such that it
can store the total volume of the refrigerant when pumping down the system.
From the compressor capacity
Compressor Capacity = m (h2 h3)
Compressor capacity = 194.52 kW
m = mass flow rate
m = 194.52 / (1720 390.5870)
m = .14632 kg/s
total required mass of ammonia refrigerant system is
= .14632 kg/s (15 min) (60sec/min)
= 131.688 kg
= 290.322 lb
V = m / brine
brine = 39.96 lbs/ ft3 from table RAC by Stoecker & Jones
V = 290.322 lb / 39.96 lbs/ft3
ACCUMULATOR