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DATA INTREPRETATION-BASICS

CAT 2016
Data Interpretation:

Data can be written or represented in 4 Forms

1. Numerical :- Data in numerical form
2. Table Form :- Data in Tabular form
3. Mixed form :- Data in Mix Form
4. Graphical form Like Line ,Bar graph etc.

Key Points:

1.Generating familiarity with different sets of data presentation techniques: Data can be presented
either through words as in case-lets or through pictorial methods. Out of all the types of pictorial charts,
table, bar chart, pie chart and line chart are most frequently used types in CAT. Though, there are times
when CAT has asked questions from Scatter diagram and Radar diagrams too. An aspirant should be
aware of these too.
2. Percentage and Ratio applications: These two chapters from Quantitative Aptitude has a certain role
to be played in DI calculation. There are three different methods of ratio comparison as given below:
3. Approximation techniques
Thumb rules for approximation:
Before a candidates starts calculating the final answer, he should look at the options. It should not be too
close as in that case approximation might lead us to choose the wrong option as the answer. A minimum
gap of at least 5% is desirable among options.
An approximation is good if it is in the range of 2%.
At the end of approximation, one should know the direction of approximation. It means that one should
know that approximated value is more than or less than the actual value.

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4. Calculation Techniques specific to the data sets: There are calculation techniques specially in case
of Pie Chart, Line Chart and Bar chart that one should know to reduce the calculation time.

Exercise Module-01

Study the following table and answer the questions based on it.
Expenditures of a Company (in Lakh Rupees) per Annum Over the given Years.

1. What is the average amount of interest per year which the company had to pay during this period?
a) Rs. 32.43 lakhs b) Rs. 33.72 lakhs c) Rs. 34.18 lakhs d) Rs. 36.66 lakhs
2. The total amount of bonus paid by the company during the given period is approximately what percent of the total
amount of salary paid during this period?
a) 0.1% b) 0.5% c) 1% d) 1.25%
3. Total expenditure on all these items in 1998 was approximately what percent of the total expenditure in 2002?

a) 62% b) 66% c) 69% d) 71%

4. The total expenditure of the company over these items during the year 2000 is?

a) Rs. 544.44 lakhs b) Rs. 501.11 lakhs c) Rs. 446.46 lakhs d) Rs. 478.87 lakhs
5. The ratio between the total expenditure on Taxes for all the years and the total expenditure on Fuel and Transport
for all the years respectively is approximately?

a) 4:7 b) 10:13 c) 15:18 d) 5:8

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The following table shows the number of new employees added to different categories of employees in a company
and also the number of employees from these categories who left the company every year since the foundation of the
Company in 1995.

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6. What is the difference between the total number of Technicians added to the Company and the total number of
Accountants added to the Company during the years 1996 to 2000?

a) 128 b) 112 c) 96 d) 88
7. What was the total number of Peons working in the Company in the year 1999?

a) 1312 b) 1192 c) 1088 d) 968

8. For which of the following categories the percentage increase in the number of employees working in the Company
from 1995 to 2000 was the maximum?

a) Managers b) Technicians c) Operators d) Accountants

9. What is the pooled average of the total number of employees of all categories in the year 1997?

a) 1325 b) 1195 c) 1265 d) 1235

10. During the period between 1995 and 2000, the total number of Operators who left the Company is what percent of
total number of Operators who joined the Company?

a) 19% b) 21% c) 27% d) 29%

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The bar graph given below shows the sales of books (in thousand number) from six branches of a publishing
company during two consecutive years 2000 and 2001.
Sales of Books (in thousand numbers) from Six Branches - B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6 of a publishing
Company in 2000 and 2001.

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11. What is the ratio of the total sales of branch B2 for both years to the total sales of branch B4 for both years?

a) 2:3 b) 3:5 c) 4:5 d) 7:9

12. Total sales of branch B6 for both the years is what percent of the total sales of branches B3 for both the years?

a) 68.54% b) 71.11% c) 73.17% d) 75.55%

13. What percent of the average sales of branches B1, B2 and B3 in 2001 is the average sales of branches B1, B3 and
B6 in 2000?

a) 75% b) 77.5% c) 82.5% d) 87.5%

14. What is the average sales of all the branches (in thousand numbers) for the year 2000?

a) 73% b) 80% c) 83% d) 88%

15. Total sales of branches B1, B3 and B5 together for both the years (in thousand numbers) is?

a) 250 b) 310 c) 435 d) 560

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A cosmetic company provides five different products. The sales of these five products (in lakh number of packs)
during 1995 and 2000 are shown in the following bar graph.
Sales (in lakh number of packs) of five different products of Cosmetic Company during 1995 and 2000

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16. The sales of lipsticks in 2000 was by what percent more than the sales of nail enamels in 2000? (rounded off to
nearest integer)

a) 33% b) 31% c) 28% d) 22%

17. During the period 1995-2000, the minimum rate of increase in sales is in the case of?

a) Shampoos b) Nail enamels c) Talcum powders d) Lipsticks

18. What is the approximate ratio of the sales of nail enamels in 2000 to the sales of Talcum powders in 1995?

a) 7:2

b) 5:2 c) 4:3 d) 2:1

19. The sales have increase by nearly 55% from 1995 to 2000 in the case of?

a) Lipsticks b) Nail enamels c) Talcum powders d) Shampoos

20. The sales of conditioners in 1995 was by what percent less than the sales of shampoos in 1995? (rounded off to
nearest integer)

a) 57% b) 36% c) 29% d) 25%

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The following pie-chart shows the percentage distribution of the expenditure incurred in publishing a book. Study the
pie-chart and the answer the questions based on it.
Various Expenditures (in percentage) Incurred in Publishing a Book

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21. If for a certain quantity of books, the publisher has to pay Rs. 30,600 as printing cost, then what will be amount of
royalty to be paid for these books?

a) Rs. 19,450 b) Rs. 21,200 c) Rs. 22,950 d) Rs. 26,150

22. What is the central angle of the sector corresponding to the expenditure incurred on Royalty?

a) 15 b) 24 c) 54 d) 48
23. The price of the book is marked 20% above the C.P. If the marked price of the book is Rs. 180, then what is the cost
of the paper used in a single copy of the book?

a) Rs. 36 b) Rs. 37.50 c) Rs. 37.50 d) Rs. 44.25

24. If 5500 copies are published and the transportation cost on them amounts to Rs. 82500, then what should be the
selling price of the book so that the publisher can earn a profit of 25%?

a) Rs. 187.50 b) Rs. 191.50 c) Rs. 175 d) Rs. 180

25. Royalty on the book is less than the printing cost by:

a) 5% b) 33.2% c) 20% d) 25%

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Study the following line graph and answer the questions.
Exports from Three Companies Over the Years (in Rs. crore)

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26. For which of the following pairs of years the total exports from the three Companies together are equal?

a) 1995 and 1998 b) 1996 and 1998 c) 1997 and 1998 d) 1995 and 1996
27. Average annual exports during the given period for Company Y is approximately what percent of the average annual
exports for Company Z?

a) 87.12% b) 89.64% c) 91.21% d) 93.33%

28. In which year was the difference between the exports from Companies X and Y the minimum?

a) 1994 b) 1995 c) 1996 d) 1997

29. What was the difference between the average exports of the three Companies in 1993 and the average exports in
1998?

a) Rs. 15.33 crores b) Rs. 18.67 crores c) Rs. 20 crores d) Rs. 22.17 crores
30. In how many of the given years, were the exports from Company Z more than the average annual exports over the
given years?

a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5

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