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Red Blood Cells

Mrs. Liza Soberano underwent several antenatal screenings including a complete blood count, blood typing, VDRL test, urinalysis, rubella titer, hepatitis B screen, HIV screen, and pap smear. These tests screened for conditions like anemia, blood disorders, infections, immunity to rubella, and cervical cancer. Additional screenings like chorionic villi sampling could have been done to check for genetic conditions and birth defects in the fetus earlier in the pregnancy.

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87 views3 pages

Red Blood Cells

Mrs. Liza Soberano underwent several antenatal screenings including a complete blood count, blood typing, VDRL test, urinalysis, rubella titer, hepatitis B screen, HIV screen, and pap smear. These tests screened for conditions like anemia, blood disorders, infections, immunity to rubella, and cervical cancer. Additional screenings like chorionic villi sampling could have been done to check for genetic conditions and birth defects in the fetus earlier in the pregnancy.

Uploaded by

itsmeaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question: What screenings were done antenatally and why--- what other screenings might have

been done?
Our client, Mrs. Liza Soberano, had undergone the following screenings:

Complete Blood Count


The normal range for hemoglobin level is 12-16 g/dL. According to the result of
the test, the client has a hemoglobin level of 12g/dL.
Hemoglobin is defined as the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries
oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the
tissues back to the lungs. As for the clients hemoglobin level which is within the
normal range.

However, the clients CBC is lacking the number of white blood cells, hematocrit
and red blood cells which are also essential for the monitoring of the clients
general health condition.
Blood Typing

The client had also undergone blood typing which is essential in determining if
the client has Rh factor. The Rh factor is a protein that is present on the surface of
red blood cells. The blood typing result shows that the mother is A negative.

The Rh factor can cause problems if the mother is Rh negative and the
fetus is Rh positive. This is called Rh incompatibility. Problems during pregnancy
can occur when Rh antibodies from an Rh-sensitized woman cross the placenta
and attack the blood of an Rh-positive fetus. The Rh antibodies destroy some of
the fetal red blood cells. This causes hemolytic anemia ,where red blood cells are
destroyed faster than the body can replace them. Red blood cells carry oxygen to
all parts of the body. Without enough red blood cells, the fetus will not get enough
oxygen. Hemolytic anemia can lead to serious illness. Severe hemolytic anemia
may even be fatal to the fetus.

VDRL test (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory)


The VDRL test result showed that the client is non-reactive.

The VDRL test is a screening test for syphilis. It measures substances (proteins),
called antibodies, that the body may produce if a person has come in contact with
the bacteria that cause syphilis.

Urinalysis
The urinalysis result of the client is normal.
Urinalysis is a set of screening tests that can detect some common diseases. It
may be used to screen for and/or help diagnose conditions such as a urinary tract
infections, kidney disorders, liver problems, diabetes or other metabolic
conditions, to name a few.

Rubella titer
The clients result for rubella titer is 1:10. A person is immune from rubella if
he/she has a rubella titer result of more than 1:8.
The test is given to evaluate whether a woman is immune to rubella (German mea
sles) as a result of childhood exposureor immunization, or whether she may be pre
sently infected with the disease. The question of a current infection is particularly
urgent for a pregnant woman.
Although the disease itself is not serious in adults, it can cause miscarriage,
stillbirth, or damage to the fetus during the first trimester (three months) of pregna
ncy.

Hepatitis B screen (HBsAg)


The result of the Hepatitis B screen of the client is negative.
HBsAg is used to screen for, detect, and help diagnose acute and chronic HBV
infections and it is also the earliest routine indicator of acute hepatitis B.

HIV screen
The client is negative for HIV.
HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS
(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV
infection. HIV testing shows whether a person is infected with HIV.

Pap Smear

The result of the pap smear of the client is negative.


A Pap smear is a test used to look for changes in the cells of the cervix
which indicate cervical cancer or conditions that may develop into
cancer.
Other than the screening tests that the client had undergone, there are
still some other screening tests that are recommended in order to check
for birth defects or congenital abnormalities in the fetus.

Chorionic villi sampling


Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic
villi is removed from the placenta for testing. The sample can be taken through
the cervix (transcervical) or the abdominal wall (transabdominal).
During pregnancy, the placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing
baby and removes waste products from the baby's blood. The chorionic villi are
wispy projections of placental tissue that share the baby's genetic makeup.
Chorionic villus sampling is usually done between weeks 10 and 13 of pregnancy
earlier than other prenatal diagnostic tests, such as amniocentesis. Chorionic
villus sampling can reveal whether a baby has a chromosomal condition, such as
Down syndrome. Chorionic villus sampling can also be used to test for other
genetic conditions, such as cystic fibrosis.

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