ELECTROSTATICS

mark questions :

1.

Define point charge.

2.

What is the smallest charge you can produce over a body ?

3.

Define electric line of force.

4.

State properties of electric lines of force.

5.

Can two electric lines of force intersect each other ?

6.

Distinguish mass and charge.

7.

State quantization and conservation of charge.

8.

Ebonite rod rubbed with silk is found to have attained 4 C charge. How many electrons have
transferred from which body to which ?

9.

What is the physical significance of permittivity of a medium ?

10.

Compare gravitation and electrostatic force between the two charges.

11.

Define permittivity of a medium in terms of force between the two charges.

2.

Marks questions :

12.

Define 1 C of charge. Show that coulomb force obeys Newtons third law of motion.

13.

Electric field intensity at a point equals zero, is it necessary that electric potential at that points is
zero ? Justify your answer giving at least two examples.

14.

Define uniform electric field. Show it diagrammatically.

15.

A man fixes outside his house one evening a two metre high insulating slab coating on its top a

large
aluminum sheet of area 1m2. Will he get an electric shock if he touches the metal sheet next
morning.
16.

State and prove Gauss theorem using an arbitrary closed surface.

17.

Deduce Coulombs law from Gauss law.

18.

If the Coulombs law involved 1/r3 dependence instead of 1/r2. Would Gauss law be still true ?

3 Marks Questions :
19.

Two similar pith balls each having mass m and charge q are hung from a point with the help of

two silk thread each of length I, prove that equilibrium separation.

q2l
X

2 0 mg

1/3

When each thread makes a small angle with the vertical .

20.

Two equal charges q each are certain distance apart. What magnitude of charge Q be kept at the
mid point of the line joining the two charges such that the system is in equilibrium ?

21.

A charged body of 4 milligram is in equilibrium at a distance of 1 cm vertically above another

Charged body of 4C lying o the surface of the table. Calculate charge on 4 milligram body.

22.

Two charges +4q and +q are 2a distance apart. Where should third charge Q and of what
magnitude system is in equilibrium?

23.

A is a spherical conductor placed concentrically inside a hollow spherical conductor B. Charge

+Q is given to the conductor A and B is earthed. Then in which region the electric

intensity is not
zero.

24.

Charge 4 C is placed at the centre of a sphere . Calculate number of electric lines of force linked
with the sphere.

25.

Charge 4C is placed at a the centre of two concentric spheres of radii 10 cm and 20 cm. Calculate
electric flux linked with each sphere.

26.

Show graphically the variation in electric field intensity with the distance from the centre of a (i)
charged spherical shell and (ii) charged sphere.

27.

Electric field intensity at a point due to a charged thin sheet is given by /20 which is
independent of distance of the point from the sheet. What do you say about the nature of the
electric field ?

28.

Show that electric field intensity at an axial point of an electric dipole is twice that of intensity at
an equatorial point of the dipole.

29.

what do you say about the net force and torque experienced by the dipole when place in (i)
uniform electric field and (ii) non uniform electric field.

30.

If the electric field is given by E = 8i + 4j + 3k NC-1 . Calculate the electric flux through a
surface of area 100 units lying in the X-Y plane.

Ans. 300 NC1.

31.

Two point charges q and 4q are separated by a distance of 6a. Find the point on the line joining
he two charges where electric field is zero.

32.

Ans. 2a from q

Two point charges of +20 C and 80 C respectively are placed 24 cm apart. Find the position
of the point where electric field is zero.

33.

Find the value of electric field at point P.

34.

Two equal and opposite charges of magnitude 1.9 10 7 C are held 15 cm apart. (a) What are the
magnitude and direction of electric field at a point midway between the charges ? (b) What force
would act and in which direction on an electron placed there ?

35.

Five thousand lines of force enter a certain volume of space and three thousand lines emerge out
of it. What is the total charge in coulomb within this volume?

36.

Charge q is placed at three corners of a square. Calculate electric field at the fourth corner of the
square.

37.

Charge q is placed at the five corners of a hexagon. Calculate electric field intensity at the centre
of the hexagon.

38.

An electric dipole of dipole length 4 cm when placed at an angle of 60 with an electric field of 4
105 NC1 is found experience a torque of 8 3Nm. Calculate (i) charge on the dipole (ii) max
torque (iii) work done in rotating the dipole from 0 of 180.

39.

A charged oil droplet remain stationary when suspended between two parallel plates 20 mm apart
maintained at p.d. of 500 V. Find the charge on the droplet if the mass of the droplet is 2 10
4

kg.

40.

Charge q is placed at one of the corner of a cube of side a. Calculate electric flux linked with
the cube and with each face of the cube.

41.

A point charge +10 C is at a distance of 5 cm vertically above the centre of a square of side 10
cm. What is the magnitude of the electric flux through the square ?

42.

Consider uniform electric field E = 3 103i NC1. (a) What is the flux of this field through a

square of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to y-z plane ? (b) What is the flux through the
same square if the normal to its plane makes an angle 30 with the x-axis
43.

Two electrons each with the velocity of 106 ms1 are released towards each other. What will be
the closest distance of approach?

44.

The of a simple pendulum of mass 80 mg and having a charge of 2 10 8 C is in the rest position
in a uniform horizontal electric field of 2 10 4 V/m. Find the tension in the string of the
pendulum and the angle made by it with the vertical.

45.

Ans. 8.8 10-4N.

Charge q is placed at each corner of a square of side a. Calculate net force experienced by any
of the corner charge.

46.

Charge q is placed at each corner of a square of side a. Calculate what magnitude of the charge
be kept at the centre of square such that system is in equilibrium ?

47.

Charge q is placed at each corner of an equilateral triangle. Calculate net force on the charge at
any one of the vertex of it.

48.

Two similar pith balls each having mass m and charge q are hung from a point with the help of
two silk thread each of length I. If is the angle each thread makes with the vertical when
equilibrium has been attained, show that

q2 = (4 mgl2sin2 tan ) 4 0
49.

Two sphere A and b have identical sizes and equal charges q each repel each other with the force
F. A third sphere of the same size but uncharged is brought in contact with A then brought in
contact with B and finally removed from both. What is the force of repulsion between A and B.
Ans. 3/8 F

50.

Two particles, each having mass of 5 gm and charge 1.0 107 C, stay in limiting equilibrium
on a horizontal table with a separation of 10 cm between them. The coefficient of friction
between each particle and the table is the same. Find .
Ans. 0.18

51.

Two points charges of values q nad 2q are kept at a distance d apart from each other in air. A
third charge Q is to be kept along the same line in such a way that the net force acting on q and
2q is zero. Calculate the position of charge Q in terms of q and d. Ans. ( 2 1 ) d.

52.

Calculate the radius of a spherical conductor of capacitance 1 Farad. What does it indicate ?

53.

Can a metal sphere of radius 1 cm be given a charge of 1 Coulomb ? Justify your answer.

54.

Twenty seven spherical drops of radius 3 mm and carrying 10 12C of charge are combined to
form a big drop. Find the capacitance and potential of the big drop.

55.

Ans. 1 pF, 27 V

Calculate the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor having circular discs of radii 5 cm each
when separation between the discs is 1 mm.

Ans : 6.9

1011F.
56.

Two capacitors have a capacitance of 5 F when connected in parallel and 1.2 F when
connected in series. Calculate their capacitance.
Ans : 2 F &
3 F

57.

Three capacitors equal capacitance, when connected in series have net capacitance C1 and when
connected in parallel have a net capacitance C2. What is the value of C1/C2.Ans. : 1 : 9

58.

A 80 F capacitor is connected to 50 V battery. The capacitor is then removed from the battery
and connected to uncharged 320 F capacitor. Calculate the charge on the second capacitor.
Also calculate energy of capacitors before and after comination.

59.

Ans : 3.2 103C

When a slab of insulating material 4mm thick is introduced between the plates of the capacitor, it
is found that the distance between the plates has to increased by 3.2 mm to restore original
capacitance. Calculate the dielectric constant of the medium.K = 5

60.

A parallel plate capacitor with the plate separation 5 mm is charged up by a battery. If is found
that on introducing a mica sheet 2mm thick, while keeping the battery connections intact, the
capacitor draws 25% more charge from the battery than before. Find the relative permittivity and
susceptibility of mica.

61.

Determine charge and potential difference across each capacitor in the network.

100pF
200pF

200pF

.
100pF

62.

300V

Four metallic plates each with a surface area of A, are placed at a distance

d from each other. The plates are connected as shown in the figure, calcualte net capacitance b/w A and B.

63.

Ans : 2 A 0 / d .

Four metallic plates with surface area A and are spaced by d are connected as

shown in the figure, calculate then the net capacitance between A and B.
Ans : 3A 0 / d .
B

A
64.

The figure shown n plates each of area A and separated from one
another by a distance d. What is the capacitance between A and B.

65.

Five metallic plates each of surface area A and separated from each other by a distance d are
joined as shown in the figure, calculate net capacitance between A and B.
B

A
66.

Four metallic plates each of surface area A separated by a distance d are connected as shown in
the figure. Calculate net capacitance b/w A and B.

A
B

67.

Three plates each or area 50 cm2 seperated from each other by a distance of 3 mm are connected
to a source of emf of 120 V. Calculate the energy stored when plates are fully charged

A
B

C
68.

Two dielectric stabs each of thickness d and area and dielectric constant K1 and K2 instead b/w the
plates of a parallel plate capacitors calculate net capacitance is
A

K1

K2

Month: May & July 04

CURRENT ELECTRICITY
1.

Mark Questions :
1.

What is the value of see beck coefficient at the neutral temperature of thermocouple.

2.

How does the drift. Velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor vary with an increase of
temperature ?

3.

State the condition in which the terminal voltage across a secondary cell is equal to its
emf.

4.

A carbon resistor of 47k Ohm is to be marked with rings of different colours for its
identification. Write the sequence of colours.

5.

Manganin (or constantan) is used for making standard resistors ? Why ?

6.

Two wires, one of maganin and other of copper have equal lengths equal resistances,
which of these wires will be thicker.

7.

A wire of resistive is stretched to twice its length. What will be its new receptivity.

8.

What is immaterial for an electric fuse of given current strength say I ampere.

9.

How many electrons pass through a lamp in one minute, if the current flowing through it is 300
mA.

10.

The current flowing through a conductor is 2mA at 50V and 3mA at 60V. Is it ohmic or non
ohmic conductor ?

11.

The atomic weight of aluminum is 27 and that of gold is 197. Which has the less chemical
equivalent ?

2 Marks Questions :
12.

A steady current flows in a metallic conductor of non-uniform cross-section state which of these
quantities is constant along the conductor, current density electric field and different speed.

13.

Two Wires A and B of the same material and having same length, have their cross sectional areas
in the ratio of 1 : 4. What would be the ratio of heat produced in these wires when same voltage
is applied across each.

14.

You are given a primary and a secondary cell of the same emf. From which cell will you be able
to draw larger current and why ?

15.

Give the nature of V-I graph for (i) ohmic (ii) non-ohmic circuit elements. Give one example of
each type.

16.

Explain the cause of production of thermo emf. When the two junctions oftwo dissimilar metals
are maintained at different temperatures. With the cold junction at 0 C, the neutral temperature
for a thermocouple is obtained at 270C. The cold junction temperature is now lowered to
10C. Obtain neutral and inversion temperature.

17.

What is superconductivity ?

18.

What is meant by different velocity of free electrons ? Derive Ohms law on the basis of the
theory of electron different.

19.

The variation of potential difference V with length I in the case of two potentiometers X and Y is
as shown in the given diagram. Which one of these two will you prefer for comparing the emfs
of two cells and why ?

20.

V-I graph for a metallic wire at two different temperatures T 1 and T2 is as shown in the figure.
Which of the temperatures is higher and why ?

21.

A uniform wire is cut into 10 segments increasing in length in equal steps, the resistance of the
shortest segment is R and the resistances of the other segments increases in steps of 8 ohm. If the
resistance of the longest segment is 2R, find the value of R and hence find the resistance of the
original wire.

22.

An arc lamp operates at 80V, 10 A. Suggest a method to use it with a 240V source. Calculate the
value of the required component for this purpose.

23.

A piece of wire having 10 ohm resistance is stretched to double its length, Calculate its new
resistance.

24.

A piece of wire having 10 ohm resistance is stretched to half its diameter. Calculate its new
resistance.

25.

A wire has a resistance of 16 is divided into 4 equal parts and all four parts are then stacked
over one another. Calculate the value of new resistance.

26.

Two pieces of wire of the same material having lengths in the ratio 1 : 2 and diameters in the
ratio 2 : 3 are connected in series with an accumulator. Compare the ratio of potential difference
across the two resistances.

27.

The number density of conduction electrons in a copper conductor is 8.5 10 28m3. How long
will an electron take to drift from one end of a wire 3.0 m long to its other end ? The area of
cross section of the wire is 2.0 106 m2 and it is carrying a current of 3.0A.

28.

Ans : 7.57 hr

Calculate the average drift speed of conduction electrons in a copper wire of cross sectional area
1.0 107m2, carrying a current of 1.5 A. Assume that each copper atom contributes roughly one
conduction electron. The density of copper is 9.0 10 3 kgm3 and its atomic mass is 63.5.
Avogadro number = 6.0 1023.

29.

A wire has a resistance of 2.1 at 300 K and a resistance of 2.7 at 373K. Determine the
temperature coefficient of resistance of the material.

30.

Ans : 1.1 10-3ms-1

Ans : 3.941 10-3K-1.

At what temperature would the resistance of copper conductor be double its resistance at 0C ?
Temperature coefficient of resistance at 0 C ? Temperature coefficient of copper is 3.9 10-30
C-1.

31.

State Joules law of heating and define watt and kilowatt-hour.

Ans : 256C.

32.

Show that power delivered to and external resistance from a cell is maximum when the external
resistance is equal to the internal resistance of the cell.

33.

Distinguish between an electrochemical cell (primary) and an electrolytic cell (secondary).

34.
35.

The current through a conductor is 1Amp when the temperature is 0C and 0.7Amp when the
temperature of the conductor is 1200C.

36.

Two square metal plates A and B are of same thickness and material. The side of B is twice that
of A. These are connected in series, as shown in the fig. Find the ratio of R A/RB of the resistance
of the two plates.

37.

Ans : 1 : 1

Three conductors of conductance G1, G2 and G3 are connected in series. Find their equivalent
conductance.

38.

A wire of uniform cross section and length I has a resistance of 16 . If is cut into four equal
parts. Calculate new resistance (a) when all four pieces are stacked one over another (b) when
Ans. (a) 1

each part is stretched to its original I and then connected in parallel.

(b) 16

39.

Describe with the help of a labeled diagram the construction and working of Lechlance cell.
Write the reactions that take place inside the cells.

40.

Describe with the help of a labeled diagram the construction and working of Daniel cell. Write
the reaction that take place inside the cells.

41.

Write the construction and working of a lead accumulator along with the reactions that take place
inside the cell.

42.

Calculate net resistance between point A and B.

10
(a)

10

10

B
10

10

D
10

(b)

10

10

3 Marks Questions
43.

Under what condition is the heat produce in an electrical circuit (i) directly proportional (ii)
inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit ? A resistor R is put in series with a
voltmeter having electrodes made from a metal of chemical equivalent E. A mass m of the metal
gets deposited in a time t when a current is made to flow through the combination. Obtain an
expression for the heat produced in the resistor during this time.

44.

From the potentiometer circuit shown in the given figure, points X and Y represent the two
terminals of an unknown emf. A student observed that when the jockey is moved from the end A
to end B of the potentiometer wire, the deflection in the galvanometer remains in the same
direction. What are the two possible faults in the circuit that could result in this observation? If
the galvanometer deflection at the end B is (i) more (ii) less than the end A, which of the two
faults, listed above would be there in the circuit.

X
45.

Explain the principle of wheat stone bridge for determining an unknown resistance. How it is
realized in actual practice in the laboratory ?

46.

State Kirchoffs laws for an electrical network and hence show that electric current is not a
vector although it has magnitude as well as a direction associated with it.

47.

A wire is stretched to make it 0.1% longer. What is the percent increase in its resistance ?

48.

Draw a well labeled diagram of leclanche cell/Daniel cell. Write necessary eqns.

49.

An electric motor operates at 220 V DC and draws a current of 10A. The efficiency of motor is
25% Calculate the resistance of windings of motors.

50.

Two cells of emfs, E1 and E2 (E1 > E2) are connected as shown in figure. When a potentiometer is
connected between A and B, the balancing length of the potentiometer wire is 300 cm. On

B
E1

E2

connecting the same potentiometer between A and C, the balancing length is 100 cm. Calculate
the ratio of E1/E2.

51.

The total momentum of electrons in a straight wire of length 1000 m carrying a current of 70A is
0.4 106 Ns. Calculate the specific charge on electrons.

52.

An electric current of 5A is divided into three parallel branches in which the lengths of the wire
are in the ration of 2 : 3 : 4 and diameters in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 5. Find the currents in each branch
if the wires are of the same mater.

53.

The given figure shows a network of resistances.

Name the circuit. What is the current flowing in the

Arm BD of this circuit. State the two laws used to

Find the current in different branches of this circuit.
54.

A series combination of 2k resistor and k resistor is connected across a battery of emf and
negligible internal resistance. The potential drop across the 2k resistor is measured by (i) a 30k
voltmeter (ii) a 1k voltmeter and (iii) both these voltmeters connected across. If the arrange
these readings these readings in descending order.
V

6V

6V
V
V
A

6V

55.

In a copper voltammeter, a varying electric current, as shown in graph is passed. The mass of
copper deposited at he end of 30 seconds is m gram using the graph, find the value of e.c.e of
copper in gl-1.
0.1

1os

2os

C
3os

56.

Name any two types of button cells.

57.

How does one remove the defects of polarization in a (i) Daniel cell

(ii) leclanche cell. Write

the chemical equations for charging in (i) Lead accumulator (ii) alkali accumulator.
58.

State Faradays laws of electrolysis and describe experiments to verify them. Define e.c.e, write
its unit and find its relationship with the chemical equivalent. Also define Faraday constant.

59.

What is Seebeck effect ? How is junction potential formed ? What is thermoelectric series ?
How is the junction potential formed ? What is thermoelectric series ? How is the series used to
find the direction of current at the hot and cold junction of the thermo emf and the junction
potential difference explain neutral temperature and temperature of inversion.

60.

A dry cell of emf 1.5 v and internal resistance 0.10 ohm is connected across a resistor in series
with a very low resistance ammeter. When the circuit is switched on I the ammeter reading
settles to a steady value of 2.0 A. What is the steady. (i) rate of chemical energy consumption of
the cell. (ii) rate of energy dissipation inside the cell, (iii) rate of energy dissipation in the
resistor, (iv) power output of the source.

61.

[Ans: (i) 3.0 W, (ii) 0.4W. (iii) 2.6 W (iv) 2.6 W.]

An electric heater and a bulb are rated 500w, 200v and 100w, 220 v respectively. Both are
connected in series to a 220 v a.c. mains. Calculate the electric power consumed by (a) the heater
(b) the electric bulb.

62.

[Ans. (a) 13.88 W. (b) 69.44 W]

A current of 1.25 A is made to flow through a copper sulphate solution. Calculate the time
required to coat a 0.1 mm thick copper layer on a circular metallic plate of radius 2.5 cm. The
density of copper is 8.9 g/cc and ece of copper = 3.3 107 kg/C.

Month : July & Aug 04

MAGNETIC EFFECT OFCURRENT AND MAGNETISM
1.

Mark questions :

1.

How does the angle of dip change as one moves from magnetic equator to the pole ?

2.

What is the angle of dip at a place where the horizontal and vertical components of earths
magnetic field are equal ?

3.

What type of magnetic material is used for making permanent magnet.

4.

Define intensity of magnetization of a magnetic material. How does it vary with temperature for
a paramagnetic material ?

5.

When is a magnet said to be in stable equilibrium in a uniform magnetic field?

2 Marks questions :
6.

Calculate magnetic field produced by horizontal wire stretched between two poles carrying
current of 100 Amp at a distance of 1 m from it.

7.

A wire carrying 10 Amp current and having length 40 cm is bent into a square. Calculate
magnetic field produced at the centre of the square.

8.

A wire is stretched horizontal in east west direction. Calculate how much current and in which
direction it should be passed so that a neutral point is created 1 m vertically below the wire.
Given horizontal component of earths magnetic field at the place is 0.32 104 T.

9.

In H atom an e is orbiting round the nucleus with the velocity of 5 106ms-1.If the radius of H
atom is 1A. Calculate magnetic field produced at the nucleus.

10.

Two concentric rings of radii 5 cm and 10 cm carrying currents of 10 Amp and 5 Amp
respectively in opposite directions. Calculate total magnetic field produced at the common
centre.

3 Marks Questions :
11.

A current of 10 A is flowing east to west in along wire kept in east west direction, Find
magnetic field in a horizontal plane at a distance of (i) 10 cm, North (ii) 20 cm. South from
the wire; and in a vertical plane at a distance of (iii) 40 cm downward (iv) 50 cm, upward.

12.

A length of wire carries a steady current. It is bent into a circular plane coil of one turn. The same
length is bent more sharply to give a double loop of smaller radius. When the same current is
passed, find the ratio of the magnetic field at the center with its first value. [Ans. 4 times]

13.

A circular loop of radius 10 cm. carries a current of 15 A. At its center is placed a second loop of
radius 1 cm. having 50 turns and current of 1.0 A (i) What is the magnetic field B set up at the

center of the large loop ? (ii) What is the torque experienced by the smaller loop ? Assume that
the planes of the two loops are right angles and that the field B provided by the large loop is
essential uniform throughout the volume occupied by the smaller loop. [Ans. (i) 9.42 10 -5 T
(ii) 1.48 10-6 N-m.]
14.

A toroid has a core of inner radius of 20 cm and the outer radius of 22 cm around which 4200
turns of wire are wound. If the current in the wire is 10 A, what is the magnetic field (i) inside
the core of toroid (ii) outside the toroid, (iii) in the empty space surrounded by the toroid.

15.

A rectangular coil of 25 turns is suspended in a field of magnetic induction 0.2T. The plane of the
coil is parallel to the direction of the field. The dimension of the coil are 15 cm. perpendicular to
the field and 12 cm. parallel to the field. What is the current in the coil if there is a torque of 5.4
N-m. acting on it ? [Ans. 60 A]

16.

There are 60 divisions on the scale of the galvanometer of resistance 20 ohm. When it is
connected in series with a resistance of 3980 ohm and a cell of emf 2V, the deflection in the
galvanometer is 30 divisions. Calculate the shunt needed to convert it into an ammeter of
maximum range 10A. [Ans. 0.002 ohm]

17.

A 5.0 Mev proton is falling vertically downwards through a region of magnetic field 1.5 T acting
horizontally from south to north. Find the magnitude of the magnetic force exerted on the proton
(mass of proton = 1.6 10-27 kg)

18.

[Ans. 4.8 10-11 N, vertically upwards.]

A long straight wire carries a current of 2A. An electron travels with a velocity of 4.0 104 m/s
parallel to the wire 0.1 m away from it and in a direction opposite to the current. What force does
the magnetic field exert on the moving electron ? [Ans. 2.56 10-20 N]

19.

A cyclotrons oscillating frequency is 5 MHz. What should be the operating magnetic filed to
accelerate deutrons ? If the radius of the Dees be 56 cm, what will be the kinetic energy of from
the cyclotron deuteron emerging ? (Mass of deuteron = 3.0 10-27 kg, charge of deuteron =
1.610-19 C) [Ans. 0.648 T; 3.2 Mev]

20.

A magnetized needle of magnetic moment 4.8 10 -2 JT-1 is placed at 30 with the direction of
uniform magnetic field. The torque acting on the needle is 7.2 10 -4 J. Calculate the magnitude
of magnetic field.

21.

Distinguish among diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferro magnet substances.

22.

What are the elements of earths magnetic field ? Describe then with the help of a diagram.

23.

Find an expression for the torque acting on a bar magnet is magnetic dipcle placed in a uniform
magnetic field.

24.

Find an expression for the potential energy of a magnetic dipole placed in a uniform magnetic
field.

Month : Aug04
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT
1. Mark questions :
1.

A bar magnet falls through a metal ring. Will its acceleration be equal to the g ? Given reason.

2.

Name the factors governs the magnitude of emf induced in a coil.

3.

In Q.1, if the ring has a cut, what would be your answer? Give reason.

4.

State Faradays laws of EMI.

5.

Show that

6.

Obtains dimensions of M.

7.

Power factor for an a.c ckt is unity, calculate phase diff. between current and voltage.

8.

What is the reciprocal of independence & reactance of an ac circuit ?

9.

Define I Henry.

10.

Can we use transformer on a.c & d.c both ? Justify.

L
has dimension of time.
R

2 Marks questions :
11.

Two inductors L1 & L2 sufficient distance apart are connected (i) in series (ii) Parallel, What is
their equivalent inductance.
1 2
Ll .
2

12.

Show that energy stared in an inductor is

13.

A bulb connected in series with a solenoid and a.c. source, If a soft iron core is introduced in the
solenoid, will the bulb glow brighter or dim? Give reason.

14.

Show graphically, the variations of reactance with freq. of a.c. for (i) Capacitor (ii) inductor.

15.

An electric heater is heated turn by turn with d.c. and a.c keeping potential differences across the

16.

ends of the heater same. Will the rate of production of heat in two cases be same ? Explain.
A 1.5 mH inductor in LC circuit stores a maximum energy of 15 J What is the peak current ?

17.

A coil of resistance 300 SL and inductance 1. OH is connected across an alternating voltage of

frequency 300/2 Hertz. Calculate the phase differences between voltage & current.

18.

Magnetic flux of 5 microwaves is linked with a coil when a current of 1 mA flows through it.
What is the self inductance of the coil. If number of turns in the coil is doubled, what will be the

new value of self inductance.

19.

An overage induced emf of 0.2v appears in a coil when the current in its is charged from 5A in
one direction of 5A in the opposite direction in 0.0 sec. Find the self inductor of the coil.

20.

A coil when connected to 200 vd. C draws 1A current and when save coil is connected to 200 V,
50Hz a.c it draws

1
A current. Calculate resistance and inductance of the coil. What value of
2

capacitor be connected in series to the coil such that current and voltage become in the same
phase when connected to a.c.
21.

An aeroplane with wingspan of 30 metres flies at a horizontal speed of 100 m/s in a region where
the vertical component of the magnetic field due to earth is 5 10-5T.What is the potential
difference between the tips of the wings ?

22.

Magnetic flux is = (5t2 + 10t + 5) Weber. Calculate the emf. Induced in the loop at t = 5 sec.

23.

A straight copper bar 180 cm. long lies horizontally in a direction pointing magnetic north. It is
moved parallel to itself at a speed of 100 km/hr. in a west east direction. What is the magnitude
in volts of the emf. Induced between its two ends if the horizontal component of the earths
magnetic field is 0.18 10-4 T and angle of dip is 60 down the horizontal.

24.

A copper rod of length l rotates at an angular velocity in a uniform magnetic field B acting
perpendicular to plane of rotation. Evaluate the induced emf developed between the two ends of
the rod.

25.

A wheel with 10 metallic spokes each 0.5 m long is rotated with a speed of 120 rev./min in a
plane normal to the earths magnetic field at the place. If the magnitude of the field is 0.4 G,
what is the induced emf. Between the axle and the rim of the wheel ?

26.

A long solenoid of 10 turns/cm. has a small loop of area 1 sq cm, placed inside with normal of
the loop parallel to the axis. Calculate the voltage across the small loop if the current in the
solenoid is changed at a steady rate from 1 A to 2A in 0.1 sec.

27.

A flat square coil of 10 turns has sides of length 12 cm coil rotates in a magnetic field 0.025 T.
(a) What is the angular velocity of the coil if the maximum emf. Produced is 20 mV ? (b) What is
the average emf. At This velocity ?

28.

Magnetic flux is f = (5t2 + 10t + 5) milliweber. Calculate the emf induced in the loop at t = 5 sec.
[Ans. 0.06 V].

29.

A conducting circular loop is placed in a uniform magnetic field B = 0.020 T with its plane
perpendicular to the field. Somehow, the radius of the loop starts shrinking at a constant rate of
1.0 mm/s. Find the induced emf in the loop at an instant when the radius is 2 cm. [Ans. 2.5 V]

30.

An air cored solenoid has 150 turns and cross section area 2 cm2. If it is 40 cm. long, what is
its self-inductance ?

31.

[Ans. 1.4 10-5H]

What is the mutual inductance of a pair of coil if a current change of 6A in one coil causes the
flux in the second coil of 200 turns to change by 12 10-4 wb. Per turn ?

[Ans. 0.4 H]

3 Marks Questions :
32.

A uniform magnetic field B exists in a direction perpendicular to the plane of a square frame
made of copper wire. The wire has a diameter of 2 mm and a total length of 40 cm. The magnetic
field changes with time at a steady rate dB/dt = 0.02 T/s. Find the current induced in the frame,
Resistivity of copper = 1.7 10-8 -m.

33.

[Ans. 9.3 10-2 A]

A conducting circular loop of face area 2.5 10-3 m2 is placed perpendicular to a magnetic field
which varies as B = (0.20 T) sin [(50 s-1 t)]. (a) Find the charge flowing through any crosssection during the time t = 0 to t = 40 ms, (b) If the resistance of the loop is 10 , find the
thermal energy developed in the loop in this period.

34.

[ Ans. (a) 0

(b) 1.2 10-5j]

A long solenoid of radius 2 cm has 100 turns/cm and is surrounded by a 100-turn coil of radius 4
cm having a total resistance of 20 . The coil is connected to a galvanometer. If the current in
the solenoid is changed from 5 A in one direction to 5A in the opposite direction, find the charge
which flows through the galvanometer.

35.

[Ans. = 800 C. ]

The magnetic field B is directed into the plane of the paper. ACDA is a semicircular conducting
loop of radius a with the centre at O. The loop is now made to rotate clockwise with a constant
angular velocity about an axis passing through O and perpendicular to the plane of the paper.
The resistance of the loop is R. Obtain an expression for the magnitude of the induced current in
the loop.

36.

A square loop is having 100 turns, an area of 2.5 10 3m and a resistance of 100 . The
magnetic field has a magnitude B = 0.40 T. Find the work done in pulling the loop out of the
[Ans. 1.0 10-6 J]

field, slowly and uniformly in 1.0 s.

37.

An express train takes 16 hours to cover the distance of 960 km between two major stations. The
rails are separated by 130 cm and the vertical component of the earths magnetic field is 4.0 10 5

T. (a) Find the average emf induced across the width of the train (b) If the leakage resistance

between the rails is 100 , find the retarding force on the train due to the magnetic field.
[Ans. (a) 8.6 10-4V
38.

(b) 4.47 1010 N]

A square loop of edge a having n turns is rotated with a uniform angular velocity about one of
its diagonals which is kept fixed in a horizontal position. A uniform magnetic field B exists in the
vertical direction. Find the emf induced in the coil. [Ans. E = n B a Sin t]

39.

A horizontal magnetic filed is uniform above a horizontal plane and is zero below it. A long,
rectangular , conducting loop of width L, mass m and resistance R is placed partly above and
partly below the plane with the lower edge parallel to it. With what velocity should it be pushed
mgR

downwards so that it may continue to fall without any acceleration ? Ans. V 2 2

B l

40.

A wire of length I can slide on a horizontal U-shaped rail of negligible resistance. The resistance
of the wire is R. The wire is pulled to the right with a constant speed v. Draw an equivalent
circuit diagram representing the induced emf by a battery. Find the current in the wire using this
diagram.

41.

vBl
Ans. l R

A rod of length l is translating at a velocity v making an angle with its length. A uniform
magnetic field B exists in a direction perpendicular to the plane of motion. Calculate the emf
induced in the rod. Draw a figure representing the induced emf by an equivalent battery.
[Ans. E = vBl sin ]

42.

The horizontal component of the earths magnetic field at a place is 3.0 10 4 T and the dip is
53. A metal rod of length of 25 cm is placed in the north-south direction and is moved at a
constant speed of 10 cm/s towards east. Calculate the emf induced in the rod.
[Ans. 10 V]

43.

An emf. of 50 mV is induced in a coil, when the current in the neighboring coil charges from 10
A to 5A in 0.1 seconds. What is the mutual inductance of the two coils ? [Ans. 103H]

44.

An inductor used in a d.c. power supply has an inductance 20 H and a resistance of 200 ohm, and
carries a current of 0.1 A. (a) What is the energy stored in the magnetic field ?

(b)

At what rate is energy dissipated in the resistor ?

[Ans. (a) 0.1 J, (b) 2 W]

45.

A toroidal solenoid has a mean radius of 0.12 in and a cross sectional are of 2 103 m ? It is
found that when the current is 20 A, the energy stored is 0.1 J. How many turns does the winding
have ?

46.

A inductor of 1H and a resistor of 314 ohm is connected in series to an alternation giving

instantaneous value of emf as E = 311 Sin 314 t. Calculate (a) frequency of the emf (b) peak
value of emf (c) rms value of emf

(d) reactance

(f) impedance

(g) current drawn by

the combination.
47.

When X is connected to a source of 200 V, 50 H it draws a current of 0.5A which is in the same
phase as that of voltage. When Y is connected to the same source it draws current of 0.5 A which
legs behind the voltage by an angle / 2. Calculate .

48.

(a)

values of X and Y

(b)

impedance when X and Y are connected in series

(c)

current drawn

A coil has a resistance of 20 ohm. At a frequency of 100 Hz, the voltage across the coil leads the
current in it by 30. Find the inductance of the coil.

49.

Derive an expression for average power of a.c.

50.

Explain principle & working of a.c. generator.

Month : Sept 04
WAVE OPTICS
Question based on Huygens principle :
1.

What are the two assumptions on which Huygens principle is based ? Explain Huygens
geometrical construction for wavefrons. How does the shape of a wave front depends upon the
nature of source of light.

2.

Define refractive index of a medium and prove the laws of refraction of light (Snells law) on the
basis of wave front.

3.

Deduce the laws of reflection of light using Huygens principle.

4.

Discuss the behavior of a lens, prism and a concave mirror towards a plane wave front.

Questions based on interference of light :

5.

What do you mean by the interference of light ? Obtain the conditions of constructive and
destructive interference by considering wave nature of light.

6.

Describe Youngs double slit experiment to demonstrate the phenomenon of interference of light.
Find the expression for the fringe width in Youngs double slit interference experiment.
Represent graphically the intensity distribution in double slit interference fringes.

7.

What are coherent sources? Why are coherent sources required to produce interference of light?
Give an example of interference of light in daily life situations. Discuss why two independent
and identical sources cannot be used to produce interference fringes. Name some devices for
obtaining coherent sources of light.

8.

Discuss why no interference pattern is observed when two coherent sources are (i) infinitely
close to each other? (ii) far apart from each other?

Question based on Diffraction of light

9.

What do you mean by diffraction of light? Give Fresnels explanation of this phenomenon and
explain it by simple experiments.

10.

Explain diffraction of light due to a single slit and formation of pattern of fringes.

11.

What is diffraction of light? Explain with a diagram the intensity distribution in the diffraction
pattern due to a single slit.

12.

In a single slit diffraction pattern, how is the angular width a central bright maximum changed,

when (i) the slit width is decreased,

(ii) the distance between the slit and the screen is

increased and (iii) light of smaller wavelength is used. Justify your answer.
Question based on polarization of light
13.

What do you mean by polarization of light? Explain the meaning of plane of vibration and plane
of polarization.

14.

Differentiate between polarized and unpolarized light. How are these represented? Describe an
experiment to show that light waves are transverse in nature.

15.

What is plane polarized light? Explain methods of producing plane polarized light.

16.

State and prove Brewsters law.

17.

What is optical activity ? On what factors, the specific rotation of an optically active solution
depends? Hence define specific rotation and give its units. What are polaroids ? Give few uses of
them.

Numerical on Interference of light

18.

In Youngs double slit experiment the fringe width obtained is 0.6 cm, when light of wavelength
4800 A is used. If the distance between the screen and the slit is reduced to half, what should be
the wavelength of light used to obtain fringes 0.0045 m wide?

19.

[Ans. 1800 A]

Two slits in youngs experiment are 0.02 cm apart. The interference fringes for light of
wavelength 6000 A are formed on a screen 80 cm away. Calculate the distance of fifth bright
fringe from the centre of the screen.

20.

[Ans. 1.2 cm].

The ratio of intensities of two waves is 1 : 9. If these two waves produce interference, then the
ratio of maximum and minimum intensities.

21.

[Ans. 4 : 1]

In Youngs double slit experiment, red light of wavelength 620 nm is used and the two slits are
0.3 mm apart. Interference fringes observed on a screen are 1.3 mm apart. Calculate (a) the
distance of the slits from the screen and (b) the fringe width, if the distance is doubled.
[Ans. (a) 0.629m (b) 2.6 103m]

22.

In Youngs experiment, using red light ( = 6000 A), 60 fringes are seen in the field of view.
How many fringes will be seen by using violet light. ( = 4400A)?

[Ans. 90]

23.

When two narrow slits separated by a small distance are illuminated by a light of wavelength 5
10-7 m, interference fringes of width 0.5 mm are formed on a screen. What should be the
wavelength of light source to obtain fringes 0.3mm wide, if the distance between the screen and

[Ans. 6 10-7 m]

the slits is reduced to half of the initial value ?

24.

A beam of light consisting of two wavelength 6500 A and 5200 A is used to obtain interference
fringes in a Youngs double slit experiment. (a) Find the distance of the third bright fringe on the
screen from the central maximum for the wavelength 6500 A (b) What is the least distance from
the central maximum where the bright fringes due to both are the wavelengths coincide ? The
distance between the two slits is 2 mm and the distance between the plane of the slits and the
screen is 120 cm. [ Ans. (a) 1.17 mm (b) 1.56 mm]

Numericals on Diffraction of light

25.

A slit of width a is illuminated by light of wavelength 6000 A. For what value of will the (i) first
maximum fall at an angle of diffraction of 30 ? (ii) first minimum fall at angle of diffraction of
30 ?

26.

[Ans. (i) 0.0018 m (ii) 0.0012 m]

A slit 4.0 cm wide is irradiated with microwave of wavelength 2.0 cm. Find the angular spread of
central maxima assuming incidence normal to the slit.

27.

[Ans. 30 ]

A screen is place 2 m away from a single narrow slit. Calculate the slit width, if the minimum
lies 5mm on either side of the central maximum. Incident waves have a wavelength of 5000A.
[Ans. 0.012 cm]

28.

Light of wavelength 600 nm is incident on an aperture of size 2 mm. Calculate the distance up to
which the ray of light can travel, such that its spread is less than the size of the aperture.
[Ans. 6.67 m]

29.

Two towers are built on hills 50 km apart and the line joining then passes 30 m above a hill halfway in between. What is the longest wavelength of radio waves, which can be sent between the
towers without serious diffraction effects caused by the central hill.

30.

Calculated the distance of a beam of light of wavelength 500 nm that can travel without
significant broadening, if the diffracting aperture is 3 mm wide.

31.

[Ans. 18 m]

Estimate the distance for which ray optics is a good approximation for an aperture of 4 mm and
wavelength 400 nm.

32.

[Ans. 3.6 cm]

[Ans. 40 m]

Determine the angular separation between central maximum and first order maximum of the
diffraction pattern due to a single slit of width 0.25 nm when light of wavelength 5890 A is
incident on it normally.

[Ans. 3.534 106 rad]

Numerical on Polarization of light

33.

A ray of light is incident on the surface of a glass plate of refractive index 1.536 at the Polarizing
angle. Calculate the angle of refraction.

34.

[Ans. 33 4]

The polarizing angle of a transparent medium is 60. Determine (i) the refractive index of the
medium and (ii) the refracting angle. Assume that light is incident in air. [Ans. (i) 1.732 (ii) 30]

35.

At what angle of incidence the light reflected from the surface of water is completely polarized ?
Assume the light is incident in air.

36.

[Ans. 53]

Sunlight is reflected from a calm lake. The reflected light totally polarized, what is the angle
between the sun and the horizon ?

[Ans. 37]
RAY OPTICS

1.

A concave lens made of a material or refractive index n1 is kept in a medium of refractive index
n2. A parallel beam of light is incident on the lens. Complete the path of rays of light emerging
from the concave lens if

2.

(a)

n1 > n2

(b)

n1 = n2

(c)

n1 < n2

Two thin lenses of focal lengths 15 cm and 30 cm are kept in contact with each other. What is the
power of the combined system ?

3.

[Ans. 10 D]

A converging lens has a focal length of 20 m in air it is made of material of refractive index 1.6 if
its is immersed in a liquid of refractive index if it is immersed in a liquid of refractive index 1.3.
what will be its new focal length ?

4.

[Ans. 52 cm]

A glass prism of refractive index 1.5 and refractive angle 60 is completely immersed in water of
refractive index 1.33, calculate the angle of minimum deviation of the prism. [ Ans. 8.6 ]

5.

An object 0.04 m high is placed at distance of 0.8 m from a concave mirror or radius of curvature
0.4 m. find the position nature and the size of the

6.

8
0.04

m,h2
m ge formed
3
5

A concave convex lens made of glass = 1.5 has surfaces of radii 20 cm and 60 cm. locate the
image of an object placed 80 to the left of the lens along the principle ax is b.a similar lens in

place coaxially at a distance of 160 cm right to it. Locate the position of the image (240 cm, 34.3
cm)
7.

Define the phenomenon of refraction of light. Discuss laws of refraction and the principle of

reversibility of light.
8.

Define refractive index of a material. Differentiate between the terms absolute and relative index
of a medium. How are they relater ? Write an expression for the refractive index in terms of
velocities of light.

9.

An object is immersed in some liquid. Prove that

n

10.

real depth
apparent depth

What do you understand by lateral shift ? What is the quality that determines the lateral shift for
a given slab ? Obtain the expression for lateral shift for retraction through a parallel sided glass
slab.

11.

Define total internal reflection and critical angle. Find the relation between critical angle and
refractive index.

12.

State two conditions for producing total internal reflection. 12. How can a right angled prism be
used to invert the path of a beam of light ?

13.

Discuss two important applications of total internal reflection.

14.

How do you explain the mirage effect produced in very hot deserts?

15.

How do optical fibres transmit light without significant absorption? Mention one practicle
application of optical fibres.

16.

Derive the expression :

n2 n1 n2 n2

, when refraction occurs from rarer to denser medium at convex spherical
v u
R
refracting surface (n1 < n2).

17.

Derive expression for lens makers formula

1
1
1
n 1
, where the letters have their usual meanings.
f
R1 R2

18.

What is lens makers formula? Derive it for a convex lens.

19.

Define linear magnification. Derive the relation connection m, v and f.

20.

What is meant by the power of a lens ? Write the definition of Diopter.

21.

Derive the formula for the focal length of a combination of two thin lenses placed in contact.

22.

A ray of light is incidntin glass on a glass-water boundary. The angle of incidence is 50.
Calculate the angle of refraction. Refractive index of glass = 1.50; refractive index of water =
1.33 [Ans. 59.8]

23.

A tank contains a slab 8 cm thick and refractive index 1.6. Above this is a depth of 4.5 cm of a
liquid of refractive index 1.5 and upon this floats 6 cm of water (n = 4/3). To an observer looking
down from above . What is the apparent position of a mark on the bottom of the tank ?

[Ans.6 cm]
24.

A ray is to be deviated through 90 by a right angled isosceles prism. What should be the
minimum refractive index of the material of the prism?

25.

[Ans. 1.414]

The velocity of light in a transparent liquid is 1.8 10 8 ms1 while in vacuum it is 3 10 8ms1.
Find by how much the bottom of the vessel containing the liquid appears to be raised if the path
of the liquid is 25 cm.

26.

[Ans. 10 cm].

The radius of a sphere of glass is 4 cm. There is an air bubble at a distance of 1 cm from the
centre of sphere. The refractive index of glass is 1.5. At what distance the bubble will appear
when seen through the surface (a) nearer the bubble, (b) farthest from the bubble?
[Ans. (a) +2.7cm.

27.

(b) 5.7 cm]

A glass dumbbell of length 30 cm and refractive index 1.5 has ends of 3 cm radius of curvature.
Find the position of the image formed due to retraction at one end only. When the object is
situated in air at a distance of 12 cm from the end of the dumbbell along the axis.[ Ans. 18 cm].

28.

What curvature must be given to the bounding surface of refracting medium (n = 3/2) for the
virtual image of an object in the adjacent medium (n = 1) at 10 cm to be formed at a distance of
40 cm.

29.

Find the focal length of a Plano-convex lens, the radius of the carved surface being 15 cm and n
= 1.5.

30.

[Ans. 64 cm]

A convex lens of focal length. 16 cm (n = 1.5) is totally immersed in water (n = 1.33). Find its
focal length in water.

31.

[Ans. + 8cm.]

[ Ans. 64 cm]

A small object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from two coaxial thin lenses in contact. The focal
length of each lens is 25 cm. What will be the distance between the object and its image when
both the lenses are (i) convex, (ii) concave

32.

[Ans. (i) 90 cm

(ii) 8.2 cm]

The real image of an object is formed at a distance of 20 cm from a lens. On putting another lens
in contact with it the image is shifted to 10 cm towards the combination. Determine the power of
the second lens.

33.

[Ans. 5 D]

Two lenses of power + 3.50 D and 4.75 D are combined to form a lens combination. Determine
the focal length of the combination.

DISPERSION OF LIGHT

[Ans. 80cm]

34.

Discuss the phenomenon of refraction through a prism. Prove the formula

n 1 A, where the symbols have their usual meanings.

sin A m / 2

35.

Prove the prism formula: n

36.

Derive the expression for the angle of deviation for a ray of light passing through and equilateral

sin A / 2

prism of refracting angle A.

37.

Show that when a ray of light gets refracted through a prism, the sum of the angle of prism and
the angle of deviation is equal to the sum of the angle of incidence and the angle of emergence.

38.

What do you mean by dispersion of light ? Define dispersive power of a prism.

39.

What is the cause of dispersion of light ? What do you mean by the angular dispersion ?

40.

What do you understand by angle of minimum deviation ? Explain. Show with the help of a
graph how the angle of deviation changes with the angle of incidence. State the condition under
which angle of deviation is minimum.

41.

The refracting angle of a prism is 60 and the refractive index of the material of the prism is
1.633. Calculate the angle of minimum deviation.

42.

[Ans. 4924]

A ray of light is refracted through a prism in the position of minimum deviation. The angle of
prism is 60 and its refractive index is 1.532. Calculate the angles of incidence and minimum
deviation.

43.

[Ans. 50, 40]

A prism is made of glass of unknown refractive index. A parallel beam of light is incident on a
face of the prism. By rotating the prism. The minimum angle of deviation is measured to be 40.
What is the refractive index of the prism? If the prism is replaced (refractive index = 1.33),
predict the new minimum angle of deviation for a parallel beam of light. The refracting angle of
the prism is 60.

44.

[Ans. 1.532, 10.34]

A ray of light suffers minimum deviation, while passing thought a prism of refractive index 1.5
and refracting angle 60. Calculated the angle of deviation and angle of incidence.
[Ans. 37.2, 48.6]

45.

Find the angle of dispersion between the red and violet colours produced by a flint glass prism of
refracting angle 60

46.

Calculate the dispersive power of crown and flint glass prisms from the following data. For
crown glass : nb = 1.523, nr = 1.513; for flint glass : nb = 1.773 and nr = 1.743,
0.398].

[Ans.

0.193,

47.

One face of a prism of refracting angle 30 and refractive index

2 is silvered. At what angle

must a ray of light of the unsilvered face so that after refraction into the prism and reflection at
the silvered surface it retraces its path ?

[Ans. 45]

OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS :
48.

Draw a labeled ray diagram showing formation of image in a compound microscope. With the
help of the ray diagram, derive relation for magnifying power of a compound microscope. How
will its resolving power be affected when (a) the frequency of light used to illuminate the object
is increased, and (b) the focal length of the objective is increased. Justify your answer in each
case.

49.

How does the resolving power of a compound microscope change on (i) decreasing the wave
length of light used and (ii) decreasing the diameter of its objective lens ?

50.

Draw the diagram of an astronomical telescope, when final image is formed at the distance of
distinct vision. Derive the formula for magnifying power in the above noted case. Define
resolving power of a telescope. On what factors does it depend ?

51.

Draw a labeled diagram for a reflecting type telescope. Write four advantage of a reflecting type
telescope over a refracting type telescope.

52.

A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 3 cm and an eye-piece of

focal length 9 cm. The lenses have a fixed separation of 24 cm. Where must the object be placed
so that the final image may be at infinity ? What will be the magnifying power of the microscope
as thus arranged is used by a person whose nearest distance of distinct vision is 25 cm?
[Ans. U0 = 15/4 cm,

53.

An astronomical telescope consists to two this lenses set 36 cm apart and has a magnifying
power 8. Calculate the focal length of the lenses.

54.

M 11.1 ]

[Ans. 32 cm, 4 cm]

A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 2.0 cm and an eye-piece of
focal length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm. How far from the objective should an
object be placed in order to obtain the final image at (i) The least distance of distinct vision (25
cm) (ii) infinity. What is the magnifying power of the microscope in each case? [Ans. (i) 0 =
2.6 cm,]

55.

The focal lengths of the objective and eye-piece of an astronomical telescope are respectively
200 cm and 5 cm. The final image is formed (i) at the least distance of distinct vision (ii) at
infinity. Calculate the magnifying power in each case. [ Ans. M 48, M 40 ]

56.

What is the minimum angular separation of two starts two stars that can just be resolved by a
telescope of 5.1 m diameter? Assume the star emits light of average wavelength 5.50 107.

57.

A reflecting telescope has a large mirror for its objective with radius of curvature equal to 8 cm.
What is the magnifying power of the telescope if the eye-piece used has a focal length of 1.6
cm ?

58.

The angular magnification of a telescope is 300. What should be the diameter of the objective if
our eyes (located at the eye ring) are just able to collect all this light refracted by the objective ?
Take the diameter of the pupil of the eye to be 3 mm.

59.

[Ans. 90 cm]

An astronomical telescope consisting of an objective of focal length 60 cm and an eye-piece of

focal length 3cm is focused on the moon so that the final image is formed at the least distance of
distinct vision (25 cm) from the eye-piece. Assuming that the diameter of the moon subtends
angle of (1/2) at the objective, calculate (a) the angular magnification and (b) the actual size of
the image seen.
(b) 4.9 cm]

[Ans. (a) |M| = 22.4

Month : Oct 04
SOLIDS AND SEMICONDUTOR DEVICES
1.

Mark Questions :

1.

What do you understand by doping ?

2.

What is an extrinsic semiconductor ?

3.

Show diagrammatically a forward biased and a reverse biased p-n junction.

2.

Marks Questions :

4.

Distinguish between n-type and p-type semiconductors on the basis of energy band diagram.

5.

Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors on the basis of energy band diagram.

6.

Distinguish between energy levels and energy bands.

7.

How are energy bands formed is solid ? Explain the behaviors of conductors, insulators and
semiconductors on the basis of energy bands.

8.

What is a zener diode and a photo diode ? Give the specific use of such diodes.

9.

Distinguish between the light emitting diode and photo diode. Draw their biasing circuits.

10.

In the diagrams below, which of the diodes are forward biased and which are reversed biased?

11.

In the following circuits, if the input wave form be as shown in the diagram, what will be the
output wave form across the diodes as shown in fig (1) and fig. (2) :

+5v
0

5v
(fig.1)

(fig.2)

[Ans. Output wave form for fig. (1) and fig. (2) are given by fig.3. and fig.4. respectively.

5v
t
t

(fig.3)

(fig.4)

11.

Give the symbol of n-p-n and p-n-p transistors. How do they differ ?

12.

What are the advantages of a transistor over a thermionic valve ?

Marks Questions :

13.

How do you explain the behaviour of semiconductors on the basis of band theory of solids ? Use
this theory to differentiate between p and n-type semiconductors. Why does the conductivity of a
semiconductor rise with temperature ?

14.

Derive expression for current through a semiconductor in terms of concentration and mobility of
intrinsic carriers. Hence, obtain expression for electrical receptivity of a semiconductor.

15.

A semiconductor is known to have an electron concentration of 8 1013 per cm3 and hole
concentration 5 1023 per m3. Estimate its conductivity. Given e (electron mobility ) = 0.135
m2V1s1m, h (hole mobility) = 1.048m2V1s1 and e = 1.6 1019C. [Ans: =3.84 per
ohm per metre ]

16.

How is potential barrier built up in a p-n junction?

17.

Discuss the behaviour of a p-n junction (i) when forward biased (ii) when reversed biased.
Explain the V-I characteristics of a p-n junction.

18.

Give the circuit diagram for obtaining the characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in common
emitter configuration. Hence explain, how will you obtain its input and output characteristics ?

19.

Explain through a labeled diagram, the working of an n-p-n transistor as an amplifier (common
emitter configuration) What is the phase relationship between the input and output voltages in
this case? Obtain expressions for its d.c. and a.c. current again.

20.
21.

Describe a junction transistor and explain its use as an oscillator. What is the use of an oscillator?
The base current of a transistor is 100 A and the collector current is 2.00 mA. A change of 34
A in IB produces a change of 0.74 mA in lc. Find ,le , and a.c. .

22.

[Ans. 20, 2.1 103A, 0.95, 21.14]

In a germanium transistor, the base current is changed by 40 A. This causes a change of 0.05 V
in Veb and a change of 5mA in lc. Find the input resistance and transconductance. If this
transistor is used. As an amplifier with a load resistance 6 k ,What is voltage gain?
[Ans. 1250 Ohm, 0.1 Siemen, Av = 600]

23.

For common emitter amplifier, current gain is 60. If the amplifier circuit is 6.6 mA, calculate the
collector and base current.

24.

In a common-emmiter transistor amplifier circuit the current gain is 100, input resitance is 1 k .
Find the voltage gain of the circuit.

25.

[Ans. 5.92mA, 0.018mA]

[Ans. 1000]

What is the logic gate and its truth table? Draw the logic symbol of the OR gate. How is it
realized in practice? Obtain the truth table for it.

26.

Draw the symbol of an AND gate. What type of truth table does it follow? How can one realize
such a gate in actual practice by using a junction diode for two-input feed?

27.

Explain how a NAND gate is obtained from an AND and a NOT gate. Give its logic symbol and
truth table.

28.

Explain how a NOR gate is formed. Give its logic symbol and truth table.

Month: Oct. & Nov 04

PRINCIPLE OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
1.

Name the part of the electro magnetic spectrum to which wave of wave length
(i)

1 A and

(ii) 102 m belong.

Using the relation T = (0.29 cm) k, obtain the characteristic Kelvin temperature corresponding
to these two wavelengths.
2.

Electromagnetic waves with wavelength.

X1 are used to treat muscular strain.
X2 are used by a FM radio station for broadcasting.
X3 are used to detect fracture in bones.
X4 are absorbed by the ozone layer of the atmosphere.
Identify and name the part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which these radiations belong.
Arrange these wavelengths in decreasing order of magnitude.

3.

The electric field vector of a plane electromagnetic wave oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of
4.5 1010 Hz. What is the wavelength?

4.

Give any two characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Write the expression for the velocity of
electromagnetic waves in terms of the permittivity and permeability of the medium.

5.

Write the relationship between the amplitudes of electric and magnetic fields in free space for an
electromagnetic wave.

6.

Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in operating a RADAR?

7.

What is the ratio of speed of infra-red rays and ultra violet rays in vaccum?

8.

What oscillates n electromagnetic waves? Are these waves transverse or longitudinal.

9.

A plane electromagnetic wave propagating in the x-direction has a wavelength of 6mm. The
electric field is in the Y direction and its maximum magnitude is 33VM 1. Write suitable
equations for electric and magnetic fields as a function of x and it.

10.

Rewrite the following radiations in a descending order of wavelength values infrared rays, radio
waves, Y-rays microwaves.

11.

Write the frequency limit of visible range of electromagnetic spectrum in KHz.

12.

If the earth did not have atmosphere, would its atmosphere, would its average surface
temperature be higher or lower than what it is now?

13.

Give a theoretical proof of the transverse nature of em waves.

14.

Long distance radio broadcasts use short wave bands. Why ?

15.

The small ozone layer on the top of the stratosphere is crucial for human survival. Why?

16.

Obtain expression for (a) energy density and (b) intensity of radiation for emf.

17.

Calculate the electric and magnetic fields produced by the radiation coming from look bulb at a
distance of 3m. Assume that the efficiency of the bulb is 2.5% and it is a point source.

18.

In a diode AM detector , the output current consists of R = 1K and C = 10pF. A carrier signal
of 100 KHz is to be detected. Is it good? If yes, then explain why? If not, what value of C would
you suggest?
[Ans. No, Can be tried with C = 1 F]

19.

A T.V. tower has a height of 75m. What is maximum distance and area up to which this T.V.
transmission can be received? Take radius of the earth as 6.4 106 m.

[Ans. = 31Km., =

3018 km2]
20.

A ground receiving station is receiving a signal at (a) 5MHz. and (b) 100 MHz from a ground
transmitter at a height of 300 m. located at a distance of 100 km. Identify whether it is coming
via ground wave or space wave or sky wave or satellite transponder. (Radis of the earth = 6.4
106 m, Nmax of ionosphere = 1012m3) [Ans. Transmission (a) is via lonosphere and (b) is via
satellite transponder]

21.

Consider an optical communication system operating at = 800nm. Suppose, only one percent
of the optical source frequency is the available channel bandwidth for optical communication.
How many channels can be accommodated for transmitting:

(a) audio signals requiring a

bandwidth of 8KHz and (b) video T.V. signal requiring an approximate band width of 4.5 MHz.
[Ans. (a) = 4.8 108
22.

A photo detector is made from a semiconductor In Ga As with E

maximum wavelength, which it can detect?

(b) 8.4 105]

= 0.73eV. What is the

[Ans. 1703 nm.]

Nov. & Dec 04

DUAL NATURE OF MATTER, RADIATIONS AND ATOMIC NUCLIE
1.

What do you understand by photon? Discuss its mains features.

2.

What is photoelectric effect? How will you study it experimentally? Explain the effect of
increase of (i) frequency (ii) intensity of the incident radiation on photoelectric current. Explain
the term cut off potential and threshold frequency in photoelectric effect.

3.

State the laws of photoelectric effect. Give explanation of photoelectric effect on the basis of
Einsteins photoelectric equation?

4.

Explain why wave theory of light could not explain the photoelectric effect.

5.

Two metals A and B have work functions 2 e V and 4 e V respectively. Which metal has a lower
threshold wavelength for photoelectric effect?

6.

Describe a photo cell and mention some of its important applications.

7.

Describe de Broglie concept of matter waves and obtain an expression for the momentum and
wavelength of the particle.

8.

Show that de Broglie wavelength of an electron of energy E is given by the relation :

h
2mE

9.

What is de Brogile wavelength of a 3 kg object moving with a speed of 2 ms1?

10.

A photon and an electron have the same wavelength. Which particle is moving faster?

11.

The de Broglie wavelength of photon is same as the wavelength of an electron. Show that the KE
of photon is 2 mc/h times the K.E. of the electron, where m is the mass of electron and c is the
velocity of light.

12.

How can de Broglie wave hypothesis be verified experimentally? Or

Describe Davissio and Germer experiment to establish the wave nature of electrons.

13.

Calculate the frequency associated wit a photon of energy 3.3 10-20j. (h = 6.6 10-34 J-s).
[Ans. 5 1013Hz]

14.

Energy from sun is received on earth at the rate of 2 calories per cm per minute. If average
wavelength of solar-light be take as 5500 A, then how many photons are received on earth per
cm per minute? (h = 6.6 10-34 J-s,

15.

c = 3 108 ms and 1 calorie = 4.2 J) [Ans. 2.3 1019]

What should be the minimum frequency of a light source to get photo-current from a material of
work function 2eV?

[Ans. 4.83 1014 Hz]

16.

The threshold wavelength of a metal is 6400 A. Calculate (i) threshold frequency (ii) the work
function of metal in eV. Given, h = 6.62 10-34 J-s and e = 1.6 1019 C.
[Ans. (i) 5 1014 Hz (ii) 2.069 eV]

17.

The work function of potassium is 2.3 eV. If the photoelectrons are emitted with maximum
velocity of 104ms-1, calculate the frequency of incident radiation on the metal. Given that mass
of electron em = 9.1 1034 kg and Plancks constant, h = 6.62 1034 J-s. [Ans. 5.56 1014 Hz]

18.

Light of wavelength 5000 A falls on a metal surface of work function 1.9 eV. Find (i) the energy
of photons in eV, (ii) the K.E. of photoelectrons, and (iii) the stopping potential.
[Ans. (i) 2.486 e V (ii) 0.586eV (iii) 0.586 eV]

19.

Which of the metals sodium and copper will be suitable for a photoelectric cell using light of
wavelength 4000 A0? The work functions of sodium and copper are respectively 2.0eV and 4.0
eV. (h = 6.6 1034 J-s, speed of light = 3.0 108 ms1 and 1 eV = 1.6 1019 J).
[Ans. Sodium]

20.

A sheet of silver is illuminated by monochromatic ultra-violet radiations of wavelength = 1810

A. What is the maximum energy of the emitted electron? Threshold wavelength of silver is
2460 A. [ Ans. 2.16 eV]

21.

The work function for cesium is 1.8eV Light of 5000 A is incident on it. Calculate :
(a)

threshold frequency and threshold wavelength,

(b)

maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons,

maximum velocity of the emitted electrons,

(d)

if the intensity of the incident light be doubled, then what will be the maximum kinetic
energy of the emitted electrons?

(h = 6.6 1034 J-s, mass of electron m. = 9.0 1031kg and c=speed of light= 3 108ms1)
[Ans. (a) 4.4 1014 Hz, 9800 A (b) 1.1 1019 J (c) 5.0 105 m/s (d) maximum kinetic energy
will remain unchanged]
22.

Determine Plancks constant h if photoelectrons emitted from a certain metal surface of light of
frequency 2.2 1015 Hz are fully retarded by a reverse potential of 6.6V and those emitted by
light of frequency 4.6 1015 Hz are stopped by a reverse potential of 16.5 V. [Ans. 6.6 10 34 Js]

23.

Calculate the wavelength of de Broglie waves associated wit the beam of electrons, which
travers through a potential difference of 300 volts. Assume the initial speed of electrons as zero.
[Ans. 0.71 A]

24.

Determine de Broglie wavelength of a proton whose kinetic energy is equal to rest mass energy
of an electron. Mass of a proton is 1836 times that of electron.

[Ans. 4.02 1014 m]

25.

The half life of

238
92

26.

238
92

U against -decay is 4.5 109 y. What is the activity of 1g of the sample of

U?

[Ans. 1.23 104 Bq.]

Tritium has a half-life of 12.5 y against -decay. What fraction of a sample of pure tritium will
remain undecayed after 25 years?

27.

We are given the following atomic masses :

238
92

U = 238.05079 u

234
90

Th = 234.04363 u
237
91

28.

[Ans. 1/4]

4
2

He = 4.00260 u

1
1

H =1.00783 u

Pa = 237.05121 u

(b)

Calculate the energy released during the - decay of

(c)

Show that

238
92

U cannot spontaneously emit a proton.

238
92

U.
[Ans. (a) 4.25 Me V]

Show that the following nuclear reaction is not possible unless the reactants are given a kinetic
energy of approximately 1.20 MeV.

29.

Two protons, each having a kinetic energy k, are fired at each other. What must K be if the
particles are brought to rest by their mutual Coulomb repulsion? Assume the proton to be a
sphere of radius R = 1fm. Also estimate the temperature required if the fusion is thermonuclear.
[Ans. 359 KeV, 3 109 K.]

CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 1

(Latest C.B.S.E. Sample paper for the Examinations to be held in and after March 2004)
Max.Marks : 70
Time: 3 hours
General Instructions :
(i)
(ii)

All questions are compulsory.

There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question
of two marks, one question of three marks and one question of five marks. You have to
attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

(iii)

Question numbers 1 to 5 are very short answer questions, carrying 2 marks each.

(iv)

Question numbers 6 to 12 are shot answer questions, carrying 2 marks each.

(v)

Question numbers 13 to 24 are long answer questions, carrying 3 marks each.

(vi)

Question numbers 25 to 27 are long answer questions, carrying 5 marks each.

(vii)

Use of calculators is not permitted. However. You may use log tables, if necessary.

(viii)

You may use the following values of physical constants, wherever necessary :
c = 3 108 ms1
h = 6.6 1034Js
e = 1.6 1019 C
0 4 107 Tm A -1
Mass of neutron mil = 1.6 1027 kg
Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 1023 JK1
Avogadro s number NA = 6.023k 1023 l mole

1.

Which physical quantity has its SI unit as

(i)

2.

Cm

(ii)

Vm?

State the pahse relationship between the current flowin and the voltage applied in an a.c. circuit
for

3.

4.

(i)

a pure resistor

(ii)

a pure inductor.

Name the type of communication corresponding to the case where the signal is
(i)

a continuous signal essentially similar to the message or information.

(ii)

a discrete and binary coded version of the message or information.

An electron and a proton, having equal momenta, enter a uniform magnetic field at right angles
to the field lines. What will be the ratio of the radii of curvature of their trajectories?

5.

In a photoelectric effect experiment,]

the following graphs were obtained
between the photoelectric current and
the applied voltage.
Applied voltage

6.

Write the expression for the magnitude of force per unit length between two infinitely long
parallel, straight current carrying conductors, Hence define the SI unit of current.

7.

State the principle of an a.c. generator. Write an expression for the maximum emf produced in it.

8.

An incident beam of light of intensity l0 is made to fall on a Polaroid A. Another polariod B is so

oriented with respect to A that there is no light emerging out B.A third Polaroid C is now the
introduced mid-way between A and B and is so oriented that its axis bisects the angle between
axes of A and B. What is the intensity of light now between.
(i)

9.

A and C

(ii)

C and B?

Give reasons for your answers.

A bulb B and a capacitor C are connected in series to the a.c, mains as shown in the given figure:
The bulb glows with some brightness. How will the glow of the bulb change when a dielectric
slab is introduced between the plates of the capacitor? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Mains

Or
An air core coil L and a bulb B are connected in series to the a.c. mains as shown in the given
figure:
The bulb glow with some brightness. How will the glow of the bulb change if an iron rod is
inserted in the coil? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Main
s

10.

Two identical plane metallic surfaces A and B are kept parallel to each other in air, separated by a
distance of 1 cm as shown in the figure.
A is given a positive potential of 10 V and the outer surface of B is earthed.
(i)

What is the magnitude and direction of the uniform electric field between Y and Z?
What is the work done in moving a charge of 20 C from X to Y?

(ii)

A
X

Two capacitors, of capacitances 3 F and 6 F, are changed to potentials of 2V. and 5V

11.

respectively. These two charged capacitors are connected in series. Find the potential across each
of the two capacitors now.
A series combination of a 2k resistor, is measured by (i) a 30k voltmeter (ii) a 1k

12.

voltmeter and (iii) both these voltmeters connected across it. If the voltmeter readings in the
three cases are V1, V2 and V3 respectively, arrange these readings in descending order.
V

B
2k
+

1K

2k

6V

1K

6V

30 k
A
V
A

B
2k
+

6V

1K

How will the three readings compare with one another if the potential drop were measured across
the series combination of the 2k and the 1 k resistor i.e. across the points A and B?
13.
15.

16.

Define the term modulation. Name three different types of modulation used for a message signal
using a sinusoidal continuous carrier wave. Explain the meaning of anyone of them.
Two nearby narrow slits are illuminated by a single monochromatic source. Name the pattern
obtained on the screen.
One of the slits is now completely covered. What is the name of the pattern now obtained on the
screen?
Write two differences between the patterns obtained in the two cases.
A nucleus makes a transition from one permitted energy level to another level of lower energy.
Name the region of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the emitted photon belongs. What is
the order of its energy in electron volts? Write four characteristics of nuclear forces.

17.

A small square loop, of side 2 mm is placed inside and normal to the axis of a long solenoid. The
solenoid has a total of 2000 turns of wire uniformly wound over its total length of 2m. if the

100

current flowing in the solenoid wire changes from 1A to 3A in

th

of a second, calculate

the emf induced ill the square loop.

18.

Under what condition is the heat produced in an electric circuit. (i) directly proportional (ii)
inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit? A resistor R is put in series with a
voltameter having electrodes made from a metal of chemical equivalent E. A mass m of the metal
gets deposited in a time t when a current is made to flow through the combination. Obtain an
expression for the heat produced in the resistor during this time.

19.

For the potentiometer circuit shown in the given figure, points X and Y represent the two
terminals of an unknown emf E. A student observed that when the jockey is moved from the end
A to the end B of the potentiometer wire. The deflection in the galvanometer remains in the same
direction. What are the two possible faults in the circuit that could result in this observation?
If the galvanometer deflection at the end B is
E

B
G
X

(i)

more

(ii)

less than that at the end A. which of the two faults, listed above, would be there in the
circuit? Give reasons in support of your answer in each case.

20.

Name the part of electromagnetic spectrum to which waves of wavelength (i) 1 A and (ii) 102
m belong.
Using the relation T = (0.29 cm) K, obtain, the characteristic Kelvin temperature
corresponding to these two wavelengths.

21.

Three charges

2C, 2 2C and 2 2C, are arranged along a straight line as shown in the

figure. Calculate the total electric field intensity due to all these three charges at the point P.
P

2C
1m

2C

2C

1m

OR
A point charge of + 2C is kept fixed at the origin. Another point charge of +4 C is brought
form a far off point distance 50 cm from the origin. Calculate the electrostatic potential energy of
this two charge system.
Another charge of + 1 C is brought to a point distant 100 cm. From each of these two charges
(assumed to be kept fixed). What is work done?
22.

A star converts all its hydrogen to helium achieving 100% helium composition. It then converts
helium to carbon via the reaction.
4
2

He 24 He 24 He 126 C 7.27 MeV

The mass of the star is 5.0 1032 kg. and it generates energy at the rate of 5 1030 watt. How
long will it take to convert all the helium to carbon at this rate ?
23.

ne

nh

The ratios of number density of free electrons to holes,

for two different materials A and

B. are equal to one and less than one respectively. Name the type of semiconductor to which A
and B belong. Draw energy level diagram for A and B.

24.

Neutrons, in thermal equilibrium with matter at a temperature of T Kelvin, are known to have an
average kinetic energy of 3/2 kT. Compute the de Broglie wavelength associated with a neutron
at 300 K.

25.

Lens

Focal length

Aperture

100 cm

10 cm

100 cm

5 cm

10 cm

2 cm

5 cm

2 cm

Four double convex lenses, with the following specifications are available:
Which two of the given four lenses, should be selected as the objective and eye piece to construct
an astronomical telescope and why ? What will be the magnifying power and normal length of
the telescope tube so constructed?
Write two of the given four lenses, should be selected as the objective and eye piece to construct
an astronomical telescope and why? What will be the magnifying power and normal length of
the telescope tube so constructed?
Write two advantages of reflecting type telescope over such a telescope.
Or
Which two of the above four lenses should be selected as objective and eye piece of a compound
microscope and why? How can the magnifying power of such a microscope be increased? Draw
a labeled ray diagram for the image formation in such a microscope.
12.

Two signals A and B shown in the given figure are used as two inputs of (i) AND gate (ii) NOR
gate and

(iii) NAND gate. Obtain the output in each of the three cases.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
0

Explain by drawing a circuit diagram, how an AND gate can be realized in practice using P-N
junction diodes.
27.

How will a dia, para and a ferromagnetic material behave when kept in a non-uniform external
magnetic field? Give two examples of each of these materials. Name two main characteristics of
a ferromagnetic material which help us to decide its suitability for making (i) a permanent
magnet (ii) an electromagnet. Which of these two characteristics should have high or low
values for each of these two types of magnets.
ANSWERS OF CBSE SAMPLE PAPER I (2004)

Ans. 1.

(i)

Electric dipole moment

Ans.2

(i)
(ii)

For pure resistor, current and voltage are in same phase.

For a pure inductor, voltage leads the current by / 2 radians.

Ans. 3

(i)

Analog

Ans.4.

(ii)

(ii)

Electric flux

Digital

1:1

mv
p
Since, r

qB qB

Ans. 5.

Frequency

Ans. 6.

Force per unit length =

0 I1l2
2r

Thus, one ampere is the strength of current flowing through two parallel infinitely long
thin wires placed in vacuum 1 m apart if they exert a force of 2 107 N/m on each other.
Ans. 7.

An a.c. generator is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When a closed

coil is rotated in a magnetic field about an axis perpendicular to the field, the magnetic
flux linked with the coil changes and an induced emf is set up in the coil.

Ans. 8.

Obviously, the axis of C is inclined at 45 to the axis of A and B.

(i)
Polaroid A acts as the polariser, hence reduces the intensity of transmitted beam to
l
half, = 0 .
2
Thus, the intensity of light between A and C is
(ii)
The polariod C acts as an analyzer and the intensity of light transmitted by it is
given by Malus law.
l = l cos
Here l = 0/2, = 45
l'

l0
l
,cos 2 45 0 .
2
4

Ans. 9.

The bulb glows brighter on introduction of dielectric slab.

Reason : On introduction of dielectric slab, capacitance C of the capacitor increases, thus
decreasing the capacitive.
1

Xc
. This decreases the impedance Z (= R 2 X 2 c ) and
C

Reactance
hence, the current
l0

E0
increases, increasing the glow.
Z
Or

The bulb glows less brightly on inserting the iron rod.

Reason : On insertion of iron rod, inductance L of the inductor increases, thus increasing
the inductive reactance X L L . This increases the impedance Z( R 2 X 2 c ) and
hence the
Current l0
E

E0
decreases, decreasing the brightness.
Z
V
10 0

103 V / m
2
r 1 10

Ans. 10

(i)

Ans. 11

The direction of electric field is from Y to Z.

(ii)
Work done is zero as surface A is an equipotential surface.
C1
Let C1 3F and V1 2V
+

C = 611 F and V = 5V
+

6
6
Q1 C1V1 3 10 2 6 10 C
Q2 C2V2 6 106 5 30 106 C
+
+

When connected in series, negative plate of C

And vice versa, thus partially neutralizing the cl]

+ve plate of C2

C2
Now charge on each plate = (30 6) 106C Also, now effectively C1 and C2 are in
parallel.
: Net capacitance C = C1 + C2 = (3 + 6) = 9 F
: Voltage across each capacitor.

Q 24 106 8

2.67V .
C
3
9 106

C1

+
+

+
+

+
+

+
+

C2

C2

Ans. 12.

Case 1
Rp = Resistance of parallel resistances