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    07.lecture090127 GGE2012 MethodOfDetailSurveys Byahn 2pages PDF

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    07.lecture090127 GGE2012 MethodOfDetailSurveys Byahn 2pages PDF

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    07.lecture090127 GGE2012 MethodOfDetailSurveys Byahn 2pages PDF

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    of 12

    GGE2012 Advanced Surveying (Course Note)

    Method of Detail Surveys


    Yong-Won Ahn / University
    of New Brunswick, Canada
    [email protected]

    27th Jan. 2009


    (for GGE2012)

    1/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Tacheometry
    -- Optical theodolite (or any other stadia instruments)
    -- Angle and staff interception reading, calculation needed

    Total Station (EDM)


    -- Total station or attached EDM
    -- Direct angle and distance measurements

    Photogrammetry
    -- Larger area, aerial photos

    GPS
    -- Kinematic GPS surveying
    -- Instantaneous location
    -- No distances and angles
    [W2-1]
    2/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Reflectorless EDM.
    Kinematic GPS.
    Satellite imagery (e.g., Landsat, Ikonos).

    [W2-1]
    3/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Based on control points
    -- One for reference line
    -- One for instrument station

    Measure polar coordinates

    -- Find detail point


    -- Horizontal distance
    -- Horizontal angle

    Height difference
    between control
    and feature point
    Plot in reverse order
    -- Determine direction line
    -- Lay out length of the line
    -- Mark the point
    4/00

    b
    p

    [W2-1]

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    One Man Total Station
    A surveying system, with which one person can handle the entire
    surveying job, with full control of the results from the reflector station.

    z Consist of a Servo-driven Total Station and a Remote


    Positioning unit (RPU)

    z Different from other Total Station


    in (Geodimeter 4000)
    -- Built-in telemetric link
    -- Tracking device
    -- Infrared detector

    z Components of RPU (RPU 4400)


    -- Telemetric link, Vertical sensor
    -- Infrared diode, On-board battery
    -- Sighting telescope, Control unit
    5/00

    http://www.monsenengineering.com/assets/images/5600Robotic2.gif

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Servo-Driven Total Station
    z Two-Way Communication
    z Control of the instrument via the keyboard of RPU
    z Automatic aiming or tracking of the target
    Max. Turning Speed: 50 deg/sec
    Tracking Speed: 5 deg/sec
    Tracking Range: 700m
    Laser Class: Class 2
    Distance Measurment (1 prism): 2 km
    Distance Accuracy: +- 2mm+2ppm times D (m.s.e)
    Angle Accuracy: 3 seconds
    Internal Memory: RAM 640 KB
    Operating Condition: -20 deg ~ +50 deg. Celcius
    Waterproof, Dustproof
    Topcon GTS-802A Servo-Driven TS

    6/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Other Servo-Driven Total Station

    Trimble SPS610

    Focus 10 Servo-Driven TS

    7/00

    Leica

    Others: Leica, Sokkia, etc.


    Trimble 5600 is available
    in our GGE department.

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Reflectorless EDM
    EDM without a reflector!
    Laser beam reflects off target.
    Visible dot shows target.
    Extended range with a prism.
    Accuracy and range depends upon reflecting
    surface.
    E.g., Leica TPS1100. At 200 m range, accurac
    y 3 mm + 2 ppm. TPS300 has 80 m range.

    8/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Reflectorless EDM
    Accuracy and range depends upon reflecting surf
    ace ??? Is there any paper regarding on this?
    One of the technical paper (TR) for GGE4471 in
    our department examined the instrument accuracy
    based on the different reflecting surfaces. The
    report was written by David A. Long in April,
    2002
    Reflectorless EDMS: is what you see, what you
    can get

    9/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Reflectorless EDM

    10/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Equipment list for the test
    Leica TCR307 (low cost construction grade EDM)
    Leica TC2002 (high precision geodetic EDM) with
    high precision Leica Prism
    Different incident angles for various surface
    tested

    11/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Test Result

    Note: Not zero. Its


    non-reflected!!!

    12/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Test Result

    Note: Not zero. Its


    non-reflected!!!

    13/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Test Result

    Note: Practically, TC2002


    may not good for over 40
    meters as you can see in this
    table.

    14/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Conclusions of the test
    Asphalt was returned the weak signal. The maximum range
    was about 40m.
    Only at 20m did asphalt and steel resolve all incident angles
    tested.
    The dark rock, with a perpendicular incident angle was the
    surface of weak signal. The limit was about 60~70m.
    The lighter surfaces were the ones that instrument had the
    fastest times and the longest distances resolved.
    Generally, the accuracies of the measurement deteriorated as
    the incident angles and distances increased, but were
    minimally affect by surface type, except for steel.
    The performance of the instrument is significantly
    influenced by instrument angle and surface type.
    Note: Typically, its hard to reach to the manufactures specifications!!!

    15/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Satellite or Aerial Imagery (advantage)
    Accurate, Instantaneous, Remote, and Permanent
    Record
    -- Each Photo provides a comprehensive record of
    phenomena and landscape at a single instant.
    -- Use for many different purposes
    -- Ease of acquisition
    -- Instantaneous recording
    -- Convenient Analysis (i.e., at users convenience)
    -- Continuous measurement
    -- Opportunity for digital output
    [W2-3]
    16/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Satellite or Aerial Imagery

    17/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Satellite or Aerial Imagery

    - Landsat 1~7 (from


    1972 to 1999), Landsat
    8 (2010)
    (Landsat 7 has 8 spectral
    bands with spatial
    resolution of about 15~60
    meters)

    - IKONOS (commercial,
    1~4 meters resolution)
    (has multi-spectral bands
    and panchromatic (~0.8m)
    imagery, RGB and near IR,
    on-board GPS receiver,
    swath 11 by 11 km single
    scene)
    18/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    IKONOS 0.8m PAN, Stereo DEM

    19/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Kinematic GPS
    Points coordinated while receiver moves or at specific
    locations
    Corrections will be transmitted to the rover via radio,
    RTCM104 format. Thus similar to DGPS (differential GPS),
    but increased accuracy (approximately 2 cm horizontal)
    Need additional receivers at known points
    Based on carrier waves (100 times more precise than
    code itself)
    Important to maintain lock on satellites while moving
    due to quality check (QC) routines, including lock-on
    constant ambiguities (the similarity of the determination
    between light wave EDM devices), cycle slips, or etc..

    20/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    10

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Kinematic GPS

    We will return to GPS RTK in


    detail in 2nd part of this lecture.
    21/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    Detail Survey - Methods


    Most Recent Evolution for TPS with Kinematic GPS

    (courtesy of Leica)
    22/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    11

    FYI: Laser Class


    Be Care with Laser Products!!!
    (based on IEC* standards)

    *IEC: Internation Electrotechnical Commission

    z Class 1: safe under all circumstances (as normal use)


    z Class 1M: safe except when passing through magnifying
    optics such as microscopic or telescope)
    z Class 2: safe
    z Class 2M: safe
    z Class 3R: considered safe if carefully used, restricted viewing
    z Class 3B: hazardous if eye is exposed directly
    z Class 4~: more power than class 3, can burn the skin.
    potentially damage your eye permanently.
    ex.) 3D Laser Scanner (Leica ScanStation2: Class 3 (not safe!!!),
    Total Station: Class 2, Nikon Laser Pulse Total Station: Class 1
    870nm, Trimble 5600: Class 1 and Class 2)
    23/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    References
    [W2-1] Advanced Surveying, GGE 2012 Course Note,
    University of New Brunswick.
    [W2-2] Kavanagh, B. (2006) Surveying: Principles and
    Applications, 7th Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
    [W2-3] Analytical Photogrammetry, GGE4313 Course
    Note, University of New Brunswick.

    24/00

    Yong-Won Ahn Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New Brunswick

    12

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