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IPC Notes Unit 1 PDF

The document summarizes the history and key aspects of the Indian Penal Code. It notes that the IPC was drafted in 1860 on the recommendation of the First Law Commission headed by Lord Macauley. The IPC applies to all of India except Jammu and Kashmir. It establishes territorial jurisdiction over offenses committed within India by Indian citizens, foreigners present in India, and offenses committed extraterritorially by Indian citizens or on ships registered in India. The IPC does not apply to military personnel subject to separate laws.

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IPC Notes Unit 1 PDF

The document summarizes the history and key aspects of the Indian Penal Code. It notes that the IPC was drafted in 1860 on the recommendation of the First Law Commission headed by Lord Macauley. The IPC applies to all of India except Jammu and Kashmir. It establishes territorial jurisdiction over offenses committed within India by Indian citizens, foreigners present in India, and offenses committed extraterritorially by Indian citizens or on ships registered in India. The IPC does not apply to military personnel subject to separate laws.

Uploaded by

kimmiahuja
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7/12/2016

IPCNotesunit1

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IPCNotesUNIT1
INTRODUCTION
HistoryoftheIndianPenalCode:
DuringtheBritishPeriodtheGovernorGeneralAppointedtheIndianLawCommissionersinordertojudgetheconditionofthepenallawsprevalentin
IndiaandsuggestacomprehensivePenalCode.Intheyear1834theFirstLawCommissionwasconstitutedheadedbyLordMacauleyfordraftingthe
IndianPenalCode.TheDraftunderwentvariouslevelsofscrutinyandwasfinallypassedandreceivedtheGovernorGeneralsassenton6thOctober
1860andcametoforceon1stJanuary1862.
TheIPCisacomprehensivepieceoflegislation,whichinitiallyconsistedof23Chaptersand511Sectionsandasaresultofvariousamendmentsthatithas
gonethroughtherearefinally538sections.
ExtentandOperationoftheIndianPenalCode:
TheChapter1(Sections15)oftheIndianPenalCodedealswiththeextentandoperation.AccordingtoSection1oftheCodetheNameoftheCodeshall
beIndianPenalCodeandthesameshallbeapplicabletowholeofIndiaexceptJammuandKashmirvideArticle370oftheConstitutionofIndia.Every
personshallbeliabletopunishmentunderthiscodeforeveryactoromissioncontrarytotheActandnototherwise[1].
Section2oftheActdealswiththeIntraTerritorialJurisdiction,i.e.offencecommittedinIndiaandpunishedundertheCode.Thissectionassertsliability
onthebasisoflocalityandplaceofcommissionofoffence.InordertoinvokethecodeitmustbeproventhattheoffencewascommittedwithintheIndian
Territory.ThetermIndianTerritoryhasbeendefinedtoincludeland,water(inlandwaterincludingtheriver,canalsetc.)andtheportionsofsea.Every
PersonincludesCitizen,noncitizenandevenForeignersvisitingIndia.Althoughthesameexcludesjudicialperson(companiesetc.),thoughthesame
shallbeliablefortheactionsoftheirdirectorsbecauseoftheprincipleofVicariousLiability.
Cases:
InthecaseofStateofMaharashtravs.M.H.George(AIR1965SC722),itwasheldthattheforeignerwhoentersIndiabyacceptingtheallegianceof
Indianlawsisalsoliableforpunishmentincaseanoffenceiscommittedunderthecodeandthathecannottakeapleaofignoranceoflaw.
InthecaseofRvs.Esop[(1836)7ER203],itwasheldthatnopersoncantakethepleaofnotbeingawareofthecriminalityoftheactinthecountry.In
thiscasethepersonhadcontendedthatunnaturaloffencewasnotacriminalactinhislandoforiginBaghdadandthathewasnotawareofthefactthatthe
samewasacriminalact.Suchanargumentwasnegatedandthepersonwasconvicted.
InthecaseofMobarkAlivs.StateofBombay(AIR1957SC857),PakistanicitizenmadeafalserepresentationwhileinKarachiothecomplainantin
Bombaythroughletters,phonecallsandtelegramswhichinducedthecomplainanttopartwithanamountofaroundRs.5lacstotheagentoftheaccused
inBombaysothatricecouldbeshippedfromKarachitoBombay.NOricewassupplied.TheaccusedwascaughtinEnglandandbroughttoBombay
wherehewasprosecutedandconvictedunderSection420forcheating.TheSupremeCourtupheldtheconvictioneventhoughthepersonwasphysically
presentinBombay.
TheapplicationoftheActdependsupontheplacewheretheoffenceiscommittedandnotonthenationalityorplaceofresidenceoftheoffender.So,a
personphysicallypresentoutsideIndiacancommitanoffencewithinIndiaandshallbePunishableunderthecode.Thus,thecodeshallbeExtra
Territoriallyapplicableinthefollowingcases:

1.anycitizenofIndiainanyplacewithoutorbeyondIndia
2.anypersononashiporaircraftregisteredinIndia
3.anypersoninanyplacebeyondIndiawhereinthetargetoftheoffencebeingacomputerresourcelocatedin
India[2].
Section4oftheIPCextendstheapplicationofthecodetoanoffencecommittedoutsideIndiabyanIndiancitizenandoffencecommittedonashipor
aircraftregisteredinIndia.Therationalebehindthisextensionofcriminaljurisdictionothecourtsisbasedonthecontentionthateverysovereignstatecan
regulatetheconductofitscitizen,wheretheymightbeforthetimebeing.Clause2ofsection4givesAdmiraltyjurisdiction[3]totheIndianCourtsandthe
powertotryoffencescommittedonanyshiporaircraftregisteredinIndia.Ashipisconsideredtobeafloatingislandbelongingtothecountrywhoseflag
itisbearing.Thusallthevesselsareconsideredasthepartoftheterritoryofthecountrywhoseflagtheyfly.
ExceptiontoapplicabilityoftheAct:
TheActisnotapplicabletosoldiers,sailorsorairmenintheserviceoftheGovernmentofIndiabecausetherearedifferentlawsforpunishingsuch
personnel[4].

[1]Section2IPC
[2]Section4IPC
[3]Section188CrPC
[4]Section5IPC

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