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    Blood Types A B O Ab: Reynaldo Cus 2C

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    Virgilio Cus
    The document discusses blood types and compatibility for blood transfusions. There are four main blood types - A, B, AB, and O - which are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells. The ABO system is the most important for blood transfusions, as a mismatch can cause an immune reaction. A person's blood type also determines who they can receive blood from and donate to in order to avoid incompatibility. Healthcare workers follow guidelines to ensure compatible blood is transfused.

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    Blood Types A B O Ab: Reynaldo Cus 2C

    Uploaded by

    Virgilio Cus
    80 views6 pages
    The document discusses blood types and compatibility for blood transfusions. There are four main blood types - A, B, AB, and O - which are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells. The ABO system is the most important for blood transfusions, as a mismatch can cause an immune reaction. A person's blood type also determines who they can receive blood from and donate to in order to avoid incompatibility. Healthcare workers follow guidelines to ensure compatible blood is transfused.

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    Blood Types

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    The document discusses blood types and compatibility for blood transfusions. There are four main blood types - A, B, AB, and O - which are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells. The ABO system is the most important for blood transfusions, as a mismatch can cause an immune reaction. A person's blood type also determines who they can receive blood from and donate to in order to avoid incompatibility. Healthcare workers follow guidelines to ensure compatible blood is transfused.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    80 views6 pages

    Blood Types A B O Ab: Reynaldo Cus 2C

    Uploaded by

    Virgilio Cus
    The document discusses blood types and compatibility for blood transfusions. There are four main blood types - A, B, AB, and O - which are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells. The ABO system is the most important for blood transfusions, as a mismatch can cause an immune reaction. A person's blood type also determines who they can receive blood from and donate to in order to avoid incompatibility. Healthcare workers follow guidelines to ensure compatible blood is transfused.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that blood type is determined by antigens on red blood cells, and the main blood group systems are ABO and RhD which determine a person's blood type as A, B, AB, or O and their Rh factor as positive or negative.

    The two most important blood group systems are ABO, which determines the A, B, and O antigens, and RhD which determines the Rh factor as positive or negative.

    A person's blood type is determined by the presence or absence of antigens A and B on their red blood cells. The combinations of these antigens define the four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O.

    BLOOD

    TYPES
    A B
    O AB

    Reynaldo Cus
    2C

    Science
    4/1/15
    Blood type-Blood type (or blood group) is determined, in part, by the ABO
    blood group antigens present on red blood cells.
    A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based
    on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface
    of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates,
    glycoproteins, or glycolipids, depending on the blood group system. Some of
    these antigens are also present on the surface of other types of cells of
    various tissues. Several of these red blood cell surface antigens can stem
    from one allele (or an alternative version of a gene) and collectively form a
    blood group system.Blood types are inherited and represent contributions
    from both parents. A total of 35 human blood group systems are now
    recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT).The two
    most important ones are ABO and the RhD antigen; they determine
    someone's blood type (A, B, AB and O, with +, or Null denoting RhD
    status).

    Many pregnant women carry a fetus with a blood type which is different from
    their own, which is not a problem. What can matter is whether the baby is
    RhD positive or negative. Mothers who are RhD- and carry a RhD+ baby can
    form antibodies against fetal RBCs. Sometimes these maternal antibodies
    are IgG, a small immunoglobulin, which can cross the placenta and cause
    hemolysis of fetal RBCs, which in turn can lead to hemolytic disease of the
    newborn called erythroblastosis fetalis, an illness of low fetal blood counts
    that ranges from mild to severe. Sometimes this is lethal for the fetus; in
    these cases it is called hydrops fetalis.

    Blood group systems-A complete blood


    type would describe a full set of
    30 substances on the surface of
    RBCs, and an individual's blood
    type is one of many possible
    combinations of blood-group
    antigens. Across the 35 blood
    groups, over 600 different bloodgroup antigens have been found,
    but many of these are very rare,
    some being found mainly in
    certain ethnic groups. Almost
    always, an individual has the
    same blood group for life, but very rarely an individual's blood type changes

    ABO blood group system:

    ABO blood group system:


    diagram showing the carbohydrate
    chains that determine the ABO
    blood group
    Main

    article: ABO blood group system

    The ABO system is the most important blood-group system in human-blood


    transfusion. The associated anti-A and anti-B antibodies are usually
    immunoglobulin M, abbreviated IgM, antibodies. ABO IgM antibodies are
    produced in the first years of life by sensitization to environmental
    substances such as food, bacteria, and viruses. The original terminology
    used by Dr. Karl Landsteiner in 1901 for the classification is A/B/C; in later

    publications "C" became "O". "O" is often called 0 (zero, or null) in other
    languages.
    Blood transfusion-Transfusion medicine is a specialized branch of
    hematology that is concerned with the study of blood groups, along with the
    work of a blood bank to provide a transfusion service for blood and other
    blood products. Across the world, blood products must be prescribed by a
    medical doctor (licensed physician or surgeon) in a similar way as medicines.
    Main symptoms of acute hemolytic reaction due to blood type mismatch.
    Much of the routine work of a blood bank involves testing blood from both
    donors and recipients to ensure that every individual recipient is given blood
    that is compatible and is as safe as possible. If a unit of incompatible blood is
    transfused between a donor and recipient, a severe acute hemolytic reaction
    with hemolysis (RBC destruction), renal failure and shock is likely to occur,
    and death is a possibility.
    Cross-matching involves mixing a sample of the recipient's serum with a
    sample of the donor's red blood cells and checking if the mixture
    agglutinates, or forms clumps. If agglutination is not obvious by direct vision,
    blood bank technicians usually check for agglutination with a microscope. If
    agglutination occurs, that particular donor's blood cannot be transfused to
    that particular

    Red blood cell compatibility:


    Blood group AB- individuals have both A and B antigens on the surface of
    their RBCs, and their blood plasma does not contain any antibodies against
    either A or B antigen. Therefore, an individual with type AB blood can receive
    blood from any group (with AB being preferable), but cannot donate blood to
    any group other than AB. They are known as universal recipients.
    Blood group A- individuals have the A antigen on the surface of their RBCs,
    and blood serum containing IgM antibodies against the B antigen. Therefore,
    a group A individual can receive blood only from individuals of groups A or O
    (with A being preferable), and can donate blood to individuals with type A or
    AB.
    Blood group B- individuals have the B antigen on the surface of their RBCs,
    and blood serum containing IgM antibodies against the A antigen. Therefore,
    a group B individual can receive blood only from individuals of groups B or O
    (with B being preferable), and can donate blood to individuals with type B or
    AB.

    Blood group O- (or blood group zero in some countries) individuals do not
    have either A or B antigens on the surface of their RBCs, and their blood
    serum contains IgM anti-A and anti-B antibodies against the A and B blood
    group antigens. Therefore, a group O individual can receive blood only from
    a group O individual, but can donate blood to individuals of any ABO blood
    group (i.e., A, B, O or AB). If a patient in a hospital situation needs a blood
    transfusion in an emergency, and if the time taken to process the recipient's
    blood would cause a detrimental delay, O negative blood can be issued.
    Because it is compatible with anyone, O negative blood is often overused
    and consequently is always in short supply.
    Red blood cell compatibility table
    cell compatibility chart

    Plasma compatibility table

    Plasma compatibility chart

    Red blood

    In addition to donating to the same blood group; plasma from type AB can
    be given to A, B and O; plasma from types A, B and AB can be given to O

    Plasma compatibility-Blood plasma compatibility is the inverse of red


    blood cell compatibility.This is because the antibodies responsible for
    adverse reactions are carried in the plasma: type AB plasma carries neither
    anti-A nor anti-B antibodies and can be transfused to individuals of any blood
    group; but type AB patients can only receive type AB plasma. Type O carries
    both antibodies, so individuals of blood group O can receive plasma from any
    blood group, but type O plasma can be used only by type O recipients.

    Healthcare workers use the following guidelines


    People with type A should only receive types A&O.
    People with type B should only receive types B&O.
    People with type AB Blood may receive A, B&AB (this is why blood
    type AB is referred to as the universal recipient.
    o People with type O blood should only receive type O blood

    o
    o
    o

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