Environmental Impact Study

on

Construction of Expressway of 100 m ROW,

Road with 100 ROW and 60m ROW
at Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh

NAYA RAIPUR DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

GOVERNMENT OF CHHATTISGARH

Table of Contents

INDEX
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 9
1.1 Background of the Project .......................................................................................... 10
1.2 Description of the Activities....................................................................................... 10
1.3 Purpose and Scope of the Environmental Impact Study .......................................... 12
Chapter 2: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .................................................................... 14
2.1 Applicable Standards .................................................................................................. 15
2.2 Road Policy of Chhattisgarh....................................................................................... 17
2.3 State Environment Policy........................................................................................... 18
2.3.1 Strategies .............................................................................................................. 18
2.4 Eco Sensitive Areas ................................................................................................. 19
2.4.1 Forest .................................................................................................................... 19
2.4.2 State Forest Policy ............................................................................................... 20
2.5 Regulation for the Village Settlement Areas............................................................. 21
2.6 Regulation for the Agriculture and other area outside the Rural settlement........... 21
2.7 General Regulation ..................................................................................................... 22
Chapter 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................ 26
3.1 Nature and Purpose of Project.................................................................................... 27
3.2 Project Activities......................................................................................................... 29
3.3 Project Alternatives..................................................................................................... 29
3.3.1 No-action alternative ........................................................................................... 29
3.3.2 Construction alternative ...................................................................................... 30
3.4 Material of Construction............................................................................................. 30
Chapter 4: PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT DESCRIPTION.............................................. 33
4.1
Location of the study area .................................................................................... 34
4.2
Topography, Geology & Seismicity.................................................................... 34
4.2.1
Topography................................................................................................... 34
4.2.2
Geology......................................................................................................... 36
4.3
SOIL ...................................................................................................................... 37
4.3.1
Soil Monitoring Stations .............................................................................. 37
4.3.2
Methodology of Soil Monitoring................................................................. 38
4.3.3
Soil Characteristics in the Study Area ........................................................ 38
4.4
Land Use Pattern................................................................................................... 39
4.5
Water Bodies......................................................................................................... 41
4.6
Water Supply......................................................................................................... 41
4.6.1
Water Supply Norms for Naya Raipur........................................................ 41
4.6.2
Water Demand.............................................................................................. 42
4.6.3
Water Resources and Availability............................................................... 43
4.7
Water Quality........................................................................................................ 44
4.7.1
Water Quality Monitoring Stations ............................................................. 44
4.7.2
Methodology of Water Quality Monitoring................................................ 45
4.7.3
Surface Water Quality of the Study Area ................................................... 45
4.7.4
Ground Water Quality in the Study Area ................................................... 49
4.8
Climate & Meteorology........................................................................................ 51

4.9 Pollution....................................................................................................................... 53
4.9.1 Air Pollution......................................................................................................... 53
4.9.2
Current Status of Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area......................... 56
4.10.2 Methodology of Noise Monitoring................................................................... 68
4.11 Industrial Pollution.................................................................................................... 71
4.11.1 Steel Industry ..................................................................................................... 71
4.11.2 Cement Industries .............................................................................................. 75
4.12 Regional Linkages .................................................................................................... 77
4.12.1 Road Network .................................................................................................... 77
4.12.2 Railways ............................................................................................................. 79
4.12.3
Airways ........................................................................................................ 79
Chapter 5: BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT..................................................................... 80
5.1 Forest and Vegetation ................................................................................................. 81
5.2 FLORA & FAUNA..................................................................................................... 82
Chapter 6: SOCIOECONOMIC DESCRIPTION ............................................................... 84
6.1
Population Growth: State Level........................................................................... 85
6.2
Population Growth of Raipur Region.................................................................. 86
6.2.1
Area, Population and Density...................................................................... 86
6.3
Rural - Urban Composition.................................................................................. 88
6.4
Literacy.................................................................................................................. 91
6.5 Population Projection of the Raipur Region.............................................................. 92
6.5.1
Population of Naya Raipur (A).................................................................... 92
6.5.4
Rural Urban Composition of the Projected Population of the Region... 94
6.5.5 Population Projection of Urban Areas in the Region ........................................ 95
6.6
Distribution of Settlement .................................................................................... 97
6.6.1
Rural Settlements.......................................................................................... 97
6.7 Land use and Settlement........................................................................................... 100
6.8 Health......................................................................................................................... 100
6.8.1 District Level Health Services ......................................................................... 101
6.9 Economic Activities.................................................................................................. 102
6.9.1 Occupational Structure ...................................................................................... 102
6.9.2 Agriculture ......................................................................................................... 104
6.9.3 Mineral ............................................................................................................... 107
6.9.4 Industry............................................................................................................... 109
6.10 Traffic Situations..................................................................................................... 111
6.10.1 Traffic Surveys ................................................................................................ 111
6.10.2 Classified Vehicle Counts.............................................................................. 112
6.10.3 Traffic Composition ........................................................................................ 117
6.10.4 Directional Distribution................................................................................... 120
Chapter 7: CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................... 121
7.1 Archeological, Historical & Cultural Sites.............................................................. 122
Chapter 8: POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS............................................. 126
8.1 Need for Screening and Scoping.............................................................................. 127
8.2 Environmental Screening Process............................................................................ 127
8.3 Stake Holder Consultation........................................................................................ 128
8.4 The Adopted Methodology....................................................................................... 128

8.5 Evaluation of Potential Environmental Impacts ..................................................... 129

8.5.1 Impact on noise environment............................................................................ 130
8.5.2 Impact on air environment ................................................................................ 131
8.5.3 Impact on biological environment.................................................................... 131
8.5.4 Impact on archilogical, historical and cultural environment........................... 131
8.5.5 Other environmental impacts ............................................................................ 132
8.6 Screening Study Findings......................................................................................... 135
Chapter 9 : ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN...... 136
9.1 Institutional Mechanism ........................................................................................... 137
9.2 Environmental Management Plan............................................................................ 138
Chapter 10: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................. 146
10.1 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 147
10.2 Recommendations................................................................................................... 147
ANNEXURE-1: RELEVANT INDIAN STANDARDS ............................................. 148
ANNEXURE-2: WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS............................ 158
ANNEXURE-3: METEROLOGICAL DATA............................................................. 162
ANNEXURE-4: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS ............... 173
ANNEXURE-5: AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL OF THE STUDY AREA.................... 176

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1: Category of roads proposed by NRDA ...................................................... 10
Table 2.1: A list of applicable legislations ..................................................................... 15
Table 2.2: Sitting Criteria Delineated by MOEF........................................................... 16
Table 2.3: List of the Reserved and Protected Forest in Raipur Region ............... 20
Table 3.1: Road wise land acquisition area.................................................................. 28
Table 3.2: Borrow material sources and approximate quantity available .............. 31
Table 4.1: Details of Soil Quality Monitoring Stations ................................................ 38
Table 4.2: Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area................. 39
Table 4.3: Land Use Pattern in the NRDA Planning Area......................................... 40
Table 4.4: Phase wise demand of water supply.......................................................... 42
Table 4.5: Details of Water Quality Monitoring Stations ............................................ 44
Table-4.6 Surface Water Quality Statistics of Water Bodies within the study Area
........................................................................................................................................ 47
Table 4.7: Ground Water Quality Statistics along Project Road.............................. 50
Table 4.8: Meteorological data of the Study Corridor................................................. 52
Table 4.9 : Ambient Air Quality Data, 2004: Annual Average Concentration in
g/m3 of Air Pollutants under NAMP ........................................................................ 53
Table 4.10: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations ............................... 56
Table 4.11: Statistical Analysis of Ambient Air Quality along the Road................. 62
Table 4.12: Details of Noise Monitoring Stations ........................................................ 67
Table 4.13 Ambient Noise Levels along the Project Corridor................................... 69
Table 4.14 : Integrated Iron and Steel Plant: Emission Standards ......................... 71
Table 4.15: Integrated Iron and Steel Plant: Emission Standards .......................... 71
Table 4.16: Integrated Iron and Steel Plant: Wastewater Discharge Standards . 72
Table 4.17: The Existing Pollution Control Systems and the Needs ...................... 73
Table 4.18: The Ambient Air Quality Standards .......................................................... 75
Table 4.19: The emission levels of SPM from Cement Plant Stacks ..................... 76
Table 4.20: Monitoring Requirements for Cement Industry...................................... 76
Table 5.1: List of Flora of the Study Area ..................................................................... 82
Table 5.2: List of Fauna of the Study Area ................................................................... 83
Table 6.1: Population Growth in India and Chhattisgarh........................................... 86
Table 6.2: Tehsil Wise Area, Population and Density, 2001 .................................... 87
Table 6.4: Rural - Urban Population............................................................................... 89
Table 6.5: Urban Population of Broad Region over Decades .................................. 90
Table 6.6: Decadal Population of Raipur and Durg-Bhilai City ............................... 91
Table 6.7: Tehsil wise Literacy, 2001............................................................................. 91
Table 6.8 Future Population of Naya Raipur over the Decades .............................. 92
Table 6.9 Projected Population of Peripheral Region ................................................ 92
Table 6.10 Future Population of Chhattisgarh ............................................................. 93
Table 6.11 Future Population of the Region................................................................. 93
Table 6.12 Rural Urban Population Composition of the Region.............................. 94
Table 6.13 Urban Population Composition of the Region ......................................... 95
Table 6.14: The Population Projetion of Urban Areas .............................................. 96
Table 6.15: The Population Projection of Naya Raipur.............................................. 96

Table 6.16 The Population Projection of Urban Areas after allocation to Naya
Raipur............................................................................................................................ 97
Table 6.17: Distribution of Rural Settlements by Size of Population, 2001........... 98
Table 6.18: Size and Class of Towns, 2001................................................................. 99
Table 6.19: Government Health Department Setup in Raipur District ................. 101
Table 6.20: Workforce Participation Rate, 2001........................................................ 103
Table 6.21: Workers in Major Economic Activity, 2001 ........................................... 104
Table 6.22: Area under Cultivation (Area in ha) ........................................................ 105
Table 6.23: Area under Different Crops (In Hectares) ............................................. 105
Table 6.24: Production and Yield of Different Crops ................................................ 106
Table 6.25: Listing of Mining Areas and Reserves in Raipur District.................... 107
Table 6.26: Listing of Mining Areas and Reserves in Durg District....................... 108
Table 6.27: Major Industrial Estates in the Raipur Region .................................... 110
Table 6.28: Summary of Classified Average Daily Traffic....................................... 113
Table 6.29: Observed Vehicles Composition (%) ..................................................... 118
Table 6.30: Directional Distribution of Traffic at Different Count Stations ........... 120
Table 8.1: Project Impact Matrix ................................................................................... 133
Table 9.1: Impact identification and management plan during planning and
design phase ............................................................................................................. 139
Table 9.2: Impact identification and management plan during construction,
operation and decommissioning phases............................................................. 139
Table-A.1.1 Tolerance Limits for Inland Surface Waters (as per IS:2296).......... 148
Table-A.1.2 Drinking Water Quality Standards (as per IS:10500) ........................ 150
Table-A.1.3 General Standards for Discharge of Effluents..................................... 151
Table-A.1.4 General Emission Standards................................................................... 152
Table-A.1.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards ............................................... 152
Table-A.1.6 Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise ............................ 153
Table-A.1.7 Permissible Exposure Levels of Impulse or Impact Noise for Work
Zone Area................................................................................................................... 153
Table-A.1.8 Permissible Exposure in Case of Continuous Noise for Work Zone
Area ............................................................................................................................. 154
Table-A.1.9 General Effluent Discharge Standards ................................................. 154
Table A.2.1: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results .......................................... 158
TableA.2.2: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results .......................................... 159
Table-A.2.3 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results............................................ 160
Table-A.4.1
24-Hourly Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results....................... 173
Table-A.5.1 Ambient Noise Level ................................................................................. 176
Table A.5.2 : Hourly Leq Value in Different Monitoring Locations......................... 188

Environmental Impact Study

Construction of Expressway of 100 m ROW,
Road with 100 ROW and 60m ROW
at Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh

Chapter -1
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Project

The state of Chhattisgarh was formed in the year 2000 with Raipur as capital.
After declaration as capital, there was a considerable increase in population,
commercial activities coupled with increase in number of vehicles. This created a
tremendous pressure on the existing infrastructure. In order to provide proper
facilities a new city of about 5 lakh population with high quality infrastructure is
proposed by NRDA, Government of Chhattisgarh on a site identified between
NH-43 and NH-6 at a distance of 12 km from Raipur town in south-east direction
and connected from NH-6 by a bypass. This area has been planned consisting of
Capitol Complex, Residential, Institutional, Recreational and Work Areas. This
area will have its extensive road network and be connected to the two National
Highways and the Express Highway having 100m wide ROW. There will be other
roads inside the area having ROW widths of 100m, 60m. The categories of roads
considered are given in Table 1.1: Category of roads proposed by NRDATable 1.
Table 1.1: Category of roads proposed by NRDA
Road Category
Sl. No.
1.
Expressway with interchange
2.
100 m ROW
3.

60 m ROW
Total Length

Length in km
6.20
28.60
20.98
55.78

1.2 Description of the Activities

Location: The proposed new capital city is located between NH-6 on North and
NH-43 on South towards east of the present city. The proposed city extends
between Km 257/5 (West) and Km 253/3 (East) of NH-6 and Km 17 and Km 22/4
of NH-43. These chainages are approximate as observed from site.

The proposed road network passes through villages of Navagaon(1), Sendh,

Palud, Kotni, Rakhi, Nawagaon(2), Khapra, Khandwa, Uparwara, Parasati, Tuta,
Barode etc. though the core area is wider and CADA/ NRDA area extends in a
much wider area.
Land Use: The general terrain of the new city area is plain. Most of the land is
agricultural land. Some areas are being irrigated by canals and remaining farm
areas are solely depending on rain. The ground water is far below at 150-200
feet from ground. The soils vary from red gravel to silty sand and there is plenty
of suitable of Borrow areas for earthworks. Reasonable quantity of stone
aggregate is available in the nearby quarries.
Road Network Scheme: Road No. 1 only is to be designed as an access
controlled road connecting NH-6 with new city where most of the future traffic is
expected to come towards new capital city. This access-controlled road shall
have an Interchange where it meets NH-6 and another Interchange may be
thought of at the location where it meets the Airport Road. No other Interchanges
/ Flyovers need to be planned at other places as shown in schematic plan.
The entire New city area is surrounded by small lakes/ Tanks. The biggest of this
is Sendh Lake 1.5 Km towards South of NH-6, where a large International
stadium construction is in progress, adjacent to Road no. 7.
It is planned to join Road No. 1, 3 and 7 to NH-6 and Road No. 2 and 5 to NH-43.
Remaining Roads, except Road No. 8 are internal roads connecting main roads
to capital complex. Capital complex is between Road no. 2 and 9 including
officers housing. Residential area is planned between Road No. 2, 9 and 10.
Major Structures and Road Design: There are no major watercourses in the
planned road alignments and therefore, no Major Bridges will be required, expect

Interchange structure on North. We anticipate that 15 to 20 minor bridges and

100-150 culverts may be required. Only road no. 7 crosses the Railway line on
north side, hence ROB is to be designed. The roadway is to be designed for 4 or
6 lanes with median, service road and walkways/cycle ways and the remaining
ROW to be designed for full width of 100m or 60m as the case may be by way of
tree plantation, landscaping etc. to suit the environment of the planned Capital
city.

1.3 Purpose and Scope of the Environmental Impact Study

The EIS is undertaken with particular emphasis on conservation interests
(impacts of erosion on the road and adjoining areas, landslips, drainage channels,
appropriate scour and erosion control measures and water harvesting, loss of
rare and endemic species, opening and subsequent site restoration of sources of
material and plant and construction camp installations, man made/artificial and
natural forest areas, water bodies (ponds, lakes, canals etc.) protected and
sensitive habitats as parks protected forest areas, etc.) and the dislocation of
existing settlements. The proposed Naya Raipur development will have a major
impact on the entire area as large scale developments are planned in addition to
the road network and therefore the analysis will draw upon the various other
environmental studies undertaken to estimate the cumulative impact in addition
to the individual impact of the road development.
The base line studies have been conducted in line with the Government of
India/Government of Chhattisgarh and international funding agency guide lines.
The activities is being performed under the following broad framework, so as to,

Identify and estimate full range of potential project impacts, both negative
and positive
Recommend measures for avoiding or mitigating negative impacts, and for
enhancing positive effects, wherever feasible
Ensure consideration of impacts in the context of project alternatives, and

Prepare plans that achieve mitigation, monitoring, and management

objectives of an environmental impact assessment.

The EIS will also recommend mitigation measures to offset the impacts and
prepare an Environmental Monitoring Management Plan (EMMP) in subsequent
report.

Chapter -2
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
2.1 Applicable Standards

Several environmental standards specified by Ministry of Environment and Forest

(MoEF) and other ministries may be applicable to the proposed project of Naya
Raipur Roads. Project and project area will be under the purview of water
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974; Air (Prevention and control of
Pollution) Act 1981, the Environment (projection) Act 1986 via State Pollution
Control Boards (SPCB) newly established for Chattisgarh to implement and
enforce the national standards for effluents, water quality, ambient air quality and
ambient noise level.

Further, the project will be under the purview of the

guidelines of CPCB formulated for municipal waste generation as Municipal

waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1999; Hospital Waste Generation as
Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1998. A detail list of
applicable legislations is given in Table 2.1 and sitting criteria for developmental
projects specified by MoEF is given in Table 2.2.
Table 2.1: A list of applicable legislations
Applicable GOI
Policies & Regulations
Environmental
(protection) Act
Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA)
notification: 1994
Air (prevention and
control of pollution) Act

Year

Objectives

Applicability

1986

Environment in
general
Direct

Water (Prevention and

Control of Pollution) Act
and Cess Act of 1977

1974

Indian Forest Act

The Wildlife (protection)
Act

1980
1972

To protect and improve

overall environment
Requirement of
Environmental Impact
Assessment
To control air pollution by
controlling emission and air
pollutants according to
prescribed standards
To control water pollution by
controlling emission & water
pollutants as per the
prescribed standards
Protection of forests
Protection of wildlife

2002
1974

Air pollution

Water pollution

Forests
Wildlife

The Land Acquisition

Act
Noise Pollution
(Regulation and Control)
rules 2000
EIA notification 2006

1894
&
1989
2001

Set out rule for acquisition of

land by Government

Land Acquisition

Noise pollution regulation

and controls

Control of noise
pollution

2006

For impact assessment of

infrastructural project
International environmental
issues such as emission of
green house gases

Environmental
clearance
Global
environmental
issues

International
Environmental
regulation in which India
is a signatory

Table 2.2: Sitting Criteria Delineated by MOEF

I.

As far as possible prime agricultural land/forest land may not be converted

into an industrial site

II.

Land acquired should be minimum but sufficient to provide for a green belt
wherein the treated wastewater, if possible/suitable, could be utilized from
wastewater treatment systems

III.

Enough space may be provided for storing solid wastes. The space and
the waste can be made available for possible reuse in future

IV.

Layout and form of the project must conform to the landscape of the area
without unduly affecting the scenic features of that place

V.

Associated township of the project if any to be created must provide for

space for phyto- graphic barrier between the project and the township and
should take into account predominant wind direction

VI.

Coastal Areas: at least 1/2 km from the high tide line (within 0.5 km of
High Tide Line (HTL), specified activities as per CRZ notification, 1991 are
permitted)(The HTL is to be delineated by the authorized agency only.)

VII.

Estuaries: At least 200 meters from the estuary boundaries

VIII.

Flood Plains of the Riverine systems: at least 500 meters from flood plain
or modified floodplain or by flood control systems

IX.

Transport/Communication System: at least 500 meters from highway and

railway

X.

Major Settlements (3,00,000 population) at least 25 km from the projected

growth boundary of the settlement

The proposed project is located in the rural area near Raipur where no reserved
forest or ecologically sensitive water bodies exists. The road alignment selected
is not expected to pass through environmentally sensitive locations. How ever
the new roads are proposed to be of more than 55 km length and would require
environmental clearance. Since the roads will be in a particular area the project
falls in category B of EIA notification 2006 of MoEF.

2.2 Road Policy of Chhattisgarh

The important objectives of the State Road Policy of Chhattisgarh:

Ensure good road connectivity in rural areas with particular emphasis

on access to districts and block headquarters, healthcare centres,
educational institutions, agricultural markets, tourism locations and
cultural heritage sites.

Promote two north-south and four east-west high speed corridors to

develop Chhattisgarh into a regional logistics and transshipment hub.

Facilitate social and economic development by strengthening the road

network around industrial areas and growth centres.

Improve connectivity between industrial / cluster areas. Convert all

national highways into two lane roads and convert three of the busiest
national highways.

Four broad strategies were laid down to meet the above-mentioned objectives:

Integrated road development and management

Private sector participation

Dedicated funding

Capacity building of State institutions

2.3 State Environment Policy

Given the need to balance the benefits of development with the need to maintain
and improve the environment, the State has prepared its Environmental Policy
that is aimed at:
Ensuring sustainable development with an emphasis on social
and intergenerational equity
Enhancing environmental performance as a means of
competitive advantage for the State
Improving the quality of life of citizens

2.3.1 Strategies
The States Environmental Policy has been developed within the basic
framework of economic and social priorities with the objective of ensuring
environmental conservation without impeding any development imperatives.
The Government of Chhattisgarh has decided on three broad strategies:
Environmental Resource Planning
The government will focus on sustainable management of essential ecological
processes and life support systems. This would ensure sustainable and rational
utilisation, conservation and integrated environmental management, within all
areas viz. land, air, water, forests, biodiversity, minerals, industry, agriculture, as
well as urban planning and transport.
Collaborative Governance and Market based Mechanism
Through collaborative efforts, impact of actions of developmental projects on all
affected biophysical and social elements would be considered. As the
implementation of the Environmental Policy is the responsibility of various
Departments, the requirements of the environmental policy would be integrated
with the policies of Water Resources, Forest, Road, Transport, Housing, Industry

& Mining departments. Measures will be undertaken wherever reasonable and

practical, and with due regard to public interest, to ensure that the costs of
environmental degradation are borne by the person(s) responsible for the
degradation.
Positive Intervention through Public Participation
Public awareness and participative decision making is essential for effective,
long-term environmental protection and equitable utilisation of natural resources.
The commitment and participation of people to this process and to matters of
environment that directly and indirectly concern them would hold the key to
sustained prevention of environmental pollution and degradation.

2.4 Eco Sensitive Areas

2.4.1 Forest
Forest resources are of vital importance in maintaining the ecosystem and also
influencing the climatic pattern of the region. Forest promotes biological diversity
and better habitat for several species. The region is poor in forest cover as the
State being one of the largest forest covers in the Country.
The region has three reserve forest in Tilda Tehsil: Bilari, Bilari Ghughua and
Khauubabri. The region has three protected forest in Abhanpur Tehsil. Apart from
that, the region rich in various types of tropical trees spread through the region as
part of open plantation. Eucalyptus and other local species like Neem, Mahua
and Sisham are observed in the region. Other tree species found in the Region
consist of Peepal, Banyan and Mango trees. The reserved forest Bilari, Bilari Ghugna and Khaudabari with 2.28, 6.15 and 9.1 sq. km respectively has been
degraded due to mining and felling of trees for other uses.

Table 2.3: List of the Reserved and Protected Forest in Raipur Region
Forest

Area (in Sq.

Km.)

1. Bilari Reserve Forest

2.29

2. Bilari Ghughua Reserve Forest

6.16

3. Khauubabri Reserve Forest

9.17

Total Reserve Forest

17.62

4. Total Protected Forest

1.9

In the satellite imagery it is seen that, the forest cover has also reduced due to
expansion of settlements and industrial activities. Large-scale degradation of
forests in the region has lead to depletion of flora and fauna; and soil erosion
which is consequently leading to loss of soil fertility. Soil erosion eventually
causes sedimentation of river and streambeds.
2.4.2 State Forest Policy
The State of Chhattisgarh has about 44 percent of its geographical area under
forests and is the catchment area to at least four main river systems, i.e. the
Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Narmada and the Ganga. Major rivers of the state
are Mahanadi, Indravati, Hasdeo, Sheonath, Arpa and Ibb. Tropical moist
deciduous and tropical dry deciduous are the two categories of forests in this
State. Over the years, the forests have been depleted owing to relentless
pressures for fuel wood, fodder and timber, inadequacy of protection measures,
diversion of forest lands to non-forest purposes in the absence of compensatory
afforestation and essential environmental safeguards, as well as the practice of
considering forests as a revenue earning resource.
The State Forest Policy has the following basic objectives from the environmental
point of view.

 Maintenance of environmental stability through preservation and,

where necessary, restoration of ecological balance;
Preventing denudation of forests and soil erosion in the river
catchment areas and reservoirs in order to bring about soil and
water conservation;
Increasing the forest cover in forest deficient districts through
afforestation and agro-forestry/farm forestry programmes

2.5 Regulation for the Village Settlement Areas

1. These areas to be considered as residential use zone, all residential and
incidental public and semi public facilities and utilities shall permit therein.
Public and semi public facilities to be allowed within 0.5 km of the settlement.
2. In case of Central Village, a rural centre could be developed to provide middle
level facilities such as education, health, recreation facilities and other
facilities to serve a population in the surrounding 8-10 villages.
3. Similarly in case of Rural Growth Centre a rural centre could be developed in
for higher education, health, commercial and recreation facilities to serve the
growth centre and the adjoining village. (Population up to 35,000)
Source: Draft NCR Plan

2.6 Regulation for the Agriculture and other area outside the
Rural settlement
The area includes mainly the vast agricultural land, forests. This zone agricultural
land is being threatened by the spotted industrial/urban encroachments
especially along the National Highways. The cheap cost of land in the rural areas,
have accelerated the development along the roadsides. The following major
landuse to be designated in the rural lands.

1. Intensive agriculture and allied activities with the focus on horticulture and
cash crops
2. Social forestry/ afforestation especially on the barren lands
3. Dairy and poultry farming including milk chilling station and pasteurisation
plant
4. Regional recreational facilities such as regional parks, wild life sanctuary.
Receational / tourist facilities not more than 4.5 m heights FAR not exceeding
5 percent of the plot area
5. Cemeteries, schools, institutions, like hospitals may be permitted. However,
the proposed development should not involve the use of high yielding
agricultural land nor should it adversely affect a site of special scenic beauty
or ecological interest.
6. Existing village mandis and agriculture markets
7. Rural industries which are non-polluting in nature with focus on agro-based
industries.
8. Bus shelters
9. Quarrying as per the environmental guidelines and approved site
10. Sanitary landfill, compost processing plant and other such activity sites with
adequate protected belt as prescribed in the CPHEEO Manual of the Ministry
of Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation and the notifications issued by
the Ministry of Environment and Forests from time to time.
11. Fuel filing stations, service stations and repair workshops
12. Power plant / sub-station / water works / treatment plants and other utility
services
Source: Draft NCR Plan

2.7 General Regulation

1)

Construction along road right of way (r/w)

The right of ways (R/Ws) is for different types of roads are as follows;

1. Expressway

100 m R/W

2. National Highways

100 m R/W

3. State Highways

60 m R/W

4. District Roads

45 m R/W

5. Rural Roads as per the norms applied by the Competent

Authority

2)

Construction of building not to encroach upon an area set upon for

means of access.
A. The highway corridor zone will be notified as controlled area / development
area.
B. No building shall be constructed which in any way encroaches upon or
diminishes the area set apart as means of access required under this
regulation.
C. No Construction other than highways amenities like petrol pump and bus
stand shall be permitted on both side of National Highways and State
Highways on both sides up to a depth of 100m.
3)

Trunk Services

A. Processed water, Power, Sewerage treatment plant and solid waste

management may be established. Environmental clearance from the
competent authority is required especially in the arrangements for disposal of
solid and liquid wastes.
B. Solid waste and development of landfill site should be according to the
provisions of MSW 2000
4)

Water Bodies

All the water bodies should be protected and

conserved. It can be taken up for development
of recreational facilities. It should not be filled to
develop any kind of building.

A.

These shall not be filled and also be protected from discharge of

wastewater
B.

Mahanadi River shall be protected providing buffer of green belt of 500 m.

These should be acquired as part of the development schemes and afforested

under the control of the forest department.

5)

Parks, Parking, Circulation and utilities

Parks, parking and circulation, and utilities are permitted in the village settlement
areas while agriculture and other area are outside the rural settlements.

6)

Natural Conservation Zone and Regional Recreation Zone

Recreation as an amenity has to meet certain competing types of demand such

as the one from the urban population of the Region using countryside as an
amenity; from a wide urban population coming to the agricultural community and
also from the balanced physical development of the Region itself. The landuse
policy on recreational area will meet the demand in the following way:
A. In the Natural Conservation Zone the following activities are permitted:
i)

Agriculture and horticulture

ii)

Pisiculture

iii)

Social Forestry / plantation including afforestation

iv)

Regional recreational activities with no construction exceeding 0.5 percent

of the area with the permission of the competent authority

B. Areas of general level amenity as regional park in the proximity of the big
urban centres,
C. River fronts `as recreational areas by developing them and making them
more accessible for such use,
D. Historical monuments as Tourist attractions
E. Parks in rural areas noted for their landscape and scenic beauty which could
be used as picnic spots, and
F. National park in the vicinity of the Region

Source: Draft NCR Plan

7)

Forests and Green Buffers

A. Forests (reserved, protected and open forests) to be avoided to bring under

different uses.
B. Afforestation measures to be implemented on barren lands
C. Green buffers to be created along all roads, rivers, industrial units and mining

areas.

Chapter 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

ROJECT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Nature and Purpose of Project

Naya Raipur would be a planned & designed new city of the 21st century to be a
focus of socio-economic and cultural life of the state of Chhattisgarh having its
role and recognition at national and international levels. The new city would be
eco-friendly integrated in its inspiring existing landscape; efficient, healthy;
modern, but caring for its traditional values.
The new Capital City of Naya Raipur would be:

Set in its natural surroundings thus conserving its existing landscape to

include major city park, Botanical Park, jungle safari, theme parks,
integrated sports complex & a golf course.

Accessed by an eight-lane expressway, shall be equipped with modern

mass transit system coupled with a city wide pedestrian corridor linking all
major urban activities.

Lively and vibrant in character with shopping malls, multiplexes, food

courts, restaurants and other intensive urban activities and recreational
areas.

An intelligent city with full use of information and communication

technology

A visually pleasing cityscape in tune with the aesthetic principles of urban

design and landscaping

Equipped with state of the art physical, social and economic infrastructure
providing the city with high degree of urban convenience & cleanliness
and thus with investor friendly environment.

Transport is highly significant in the planning and development of a new town. It

provides accessibility to the spatially dispersed activities, enables mobility of
people and goods and integrates the different sectoral sub systems. Rational

development of transport system is critical for the efficient functioning,

environmental quality and sustainability of Naya Raipur.
Regional Road System is the most important component of the Transport Policy
for the new city. National Highways 6 and 43, running through the state of
Chhattisgarh abut Naya Raipur. They provide connectivity to other parts of the
state and the country. In particular they connect Naya Raipur with Raipur, Durg,
Mahasamund, Dhamtari, Bilaspur and other important urban centers of the state.
The Road Network, which is the most important component of the city transport
system, integrates three conceptual forms linear, cruciform and grid thus
providing a basic skeleton around which various activities are dispersed and
interlinked. Naya Raipur road network extends over a total length of 129.3 km
and accounts for 910.99 ha of land. The land acquisition area for various roads
planned in the project are given in table 3.1
Table 3.1: Road wise land acquisition area
ROAD NO
1
2
3
4(200 Mtr ROW)
4(100 Mtr ROW)
4 Extension
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

LENGTH(Mtrs)
6315
17303
2450
2425
3316
4365
2895
2425
4050
3300
8314
4150
3560

WIDTH(Mtrs)
100
100
100
200
100
100
100
100
60
60
60(100)
60
60

AREA(Sq Mtrs)
631500
1730300
245000
485000
331600
436500
289500
242500
243000
198000
498840(831400)
249000
213600

3.2 Project Activities

The project could be devided into four different phase namely, project planning &
design, construction, operation & maintenance, decommissioning. The following
activities during these phases would be involved;
a) Activities during planning & design (pre- construction)

Material investigation

Details surveys

Geo technical investigation

Land acquisition
b) Activities during construction

Earth works

Base and sub base layers

Bituminus layers

structure: culverts, bridges

Landscaping

street lightings

Utilities provision
c) Activities during operation and maintenance (post construction)

Maintenance of roads

Maintenance of drainage systems

Facilities & Management of toll posts
3.3 Project Alternatives
Construction of road network is important for socioeconomic development of
proposed Naya Raipur capital region of newly formed Chhattisgarh state. This
construction activity will definitely have impact on the environment and thus
alternatives were considered for the proposed project as following;

No-action alternative

Construction alternative

3.3.1 No-action alternative

The no-action alternative considers that the burden of increased activity due to
conversion of Riapur into state capital would be on the existing infrastructure.

Increase in population of Raipur will have to depend on the existing Raipur city
resources including roads which will experience heavy increased traffic. Further it
would not result into achieving goal of making Naya Raipur a vibrant city. This
means there will be no socio-economic development of the region will take place.
Therefore no-action alternative is not recommended to adopt.
3.3.2 Construction alternative
The construction alternative considers the road network as explained in chapter 1
for Naya Raipur region. This include expressway of 100 m ROW, road with 100
m ROW and 60 m ROW. The large construction activity will have environmental
impact during particularly construction phase of the project. However considering
the socio-economic development envisaged, the impact on the environment are
not very significant. The project would involve a substantial capital investment
which would be fas less than the economic benefits expected due to
development of the region. Therefore considering the social, economic and
environmental issues the advantage of construction alternative outweighs the
disadvantages and is the recommended alternative.
3.4 Material of Construction
A large qualtity of material will be required for the project and the details of
barrow materials sources and available quatity is given in table 3.2

Table 3.2: Borrow material sources and approximate quantity available

S.
Nos
.

Village
name

Survey
No.

Name of
the owner

5.00

0.083

5.00

0.050

Cherya

960

Govt. land

16.650

Tendua

694 to
698

Govt. land

10.000

Moorum &
Crushed Rock
(SDR)

khuteri

Mandira
Hasoud

Mandira
Hasoud

Quantity
estimate in
Million
Cubic
Meters

Type of
materials
Moorum &
Crushed Rock
(SDR)

Depth of
excavation
in meters

Extent of
land in
Hectares

323

14.830

0.074

99

5.450

0.027

100

0.380

276

1.240

277

Govt. land

0.670

0.002
Moorum &
Crushed Rock
(SDR)

5.00

0.006
0.003

278

1.150

0.006

310

5.590

0.028

377

6.100

0.031

699

11.895

0.059

706/1
706/2

Sri
Ramachand
ra Trust

715

0.682
12.141
0.926

Govt. land
717

0.506

Silty Clay and

Hard Rock

Silty Clay and

Hard Rock

5.00

0.003
0.061
0.005

5.00
0.003

Distance from
project road in
km
6.60 km from
Road No. 2
(Chainage
3+800)
4.00 km from
Road No. 2
(Chainage
3+800)

3.00 km from
Road No. 2
(Chainage
15+000)

3.00km from
Road No. 1
(Chainage
3+300)
3.00km from
Road No. 1
(Chainage
3+300)

Remarks

good for Sub

Grade and
GSB Material
good for Sub
Grade and
GSB Material

good for
Embankment
and Sub Grade

Good for
Landscaping,
GSB and Stone
Aggregates for
structures
Good for
Landscaping,
GSB and Stone
Aggregates for
structures

S.
Nos
.

Village
name

Survey
No.

Name of
the
owner

Extent of
land in
Hectares

929

Sri Ram
Lal

13.390

932

Sri Ram
Lal

6.950

Dhansuli

941
7

Dhansuli

250
258

Type of materials

Depth of
excavati
on in
meters

0.067
Silty Clay and Hard
Rock

5.00
0.035

1.120
Govt.
land

248

4.850
4.620

Quantity
estimate in
Million
Cubic
Meters

0.006
Silty Clay and Hard
Rock

5.00

2.800

0.024
0.023
0.014

Distance
from project
road in km
15.00km from
Road No. 1
(Chainage
2+000)
15.00km from
Road No. 1
(Chainage
2+000)

Bhaktra

In and
around
Ponds

Govt.
land

6.000

Silty Clay and

Moorum

5.00

0.030

6.0 km from
Road No 2
(km. 15+000)

Sendh Dam

Tank

Govt.
land

252.00

Silty Clay and

Moorum

4.00

1.008

Located in
Project Area

10

Cherya
Dam

Tank

Govt.
land

45.85

Silty Clay and

Moorum

4.00

0.183

Located in
Project Area

11

Pauta Dam

Tank

Govt.
land

73.50

Silty Clay and

Moorum

4.00

0.294

Located in
Project Area

12

Nava Goan

Tank

Govt.
land

102.96

Silty Clay and

Moorum

4.00

0.412

Located in
Project Area

Remarks

Good for
Landscaping,
GSB and Stone
Aggregates for
structures
Good for
Landscaping,
GSB and Stone
Aggregates for
structures
Good for
Landscaping
and
Embankment
Good for
Landscaping
and
Embankment
Good for
Landscaping
and
Embankment
Good for
Landscaping
and
Embankment
Good for
Landscaping
and
Embankment

Chapter 4
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT DESCRIPTION

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT DESCRIPTION

4.1

Location of the study area

The proposed Naya Raipur City is situated in Raipur district of Chhattisgarh and
occupies the south-eastern part of upper Mahanadi basin. Raipur district is
bounded on the north by Bilaspur & Janjgir Champa Districts, on the south by
Koraput District of Orissa State, on the east by Koraput & Kalahandi Districts of
the same State and by Durg District on the west. The Kharun river in the west
forms the western boundary of the district and Seonath & Mahanadi mark the
northern boundary with Bilaspur and Janjgir Champa Districts.
The Naya Raipur City is situated between the parallels of latitude 2113 North &
215 North and the meridians of longitude 8144 East & 8148 East.

4.2

Topography, Geology & Seismicity

4.2.1 Topography
The Raipur District occupies the south-eastern part of the Upper Mahanadi
Valley and the bordering hills in the south and the east. Thus the District is
divided into two major physical division viz., The Chattisgarh Plain and the Hilly
Areas.
Chattisgarh Plain: The Mahanadi crosses the District diagonally from its southwestern corner to the northern boundary. The country to the west of the river
comprising the north-eastern part of Dhamtari tehsil, the whole of Raipur tahsil
and the western part of Baloda Bazar tahsil is a part of the open Chattisgarh
Plain, gently sloping, thickly populated and almost devoid of forests. The plain

also extends in a belt of about 8 to 10 miles east of the Mahanadi except

between Sirpur and Kasdol where the hills are very close. Along the later

TILDA

L&T
HIRMI
CENTURY CEMENT
BAIKUNTH

MATRA
SEMAR
IA
River Sheonath

PAUNI
URLA

MOHRENG
A

CCI
MANDHAR
BORAI

Bhilai

ACC JAMUL

Raipur

New
Capital
City

River Kharaun
River
Mahanad
i

Important Urban
Settlements
Industrial Growth
Centres
Existing Cement
Plants
Proposed Cement
Plants
Fig 4.1.: Proposed Location of Naya Raipur City in the Region

eastward course of the Mahanadi, the plain extends in the tract from Katgi to
Sarsiwa. The southern part of the Mahanadi plain is about 1,000 Ft. from the
mean sea level whereas the northern part is about 800 Ft. above the mean sea
level. The basin is composed of horizontally bedded or very lowdipping
limestones and shales of the Cuddapah age, concealed under the cappings of
alluvial clays and residual soil.
4.2.2 Geology
Considerable portion of Raipur consist of fine grained grey gneisses and coarse
porphyritic granites. The granites pass locally into syenites and the usual
constituents are pink, white & greenish felspars, quartz, small ragged crystals of
hornblende & brown mica.
Raipur Series: The group of shales and limestone occupies the plain of the
Mahanadi & is separated from the Chandepur series by a long stretch of river
alluvium. The beds lie horizontally or with gentle undulations, with a slight but
distinct unconformity upon the older group. The stratification between the two
groups is generally parallel and the younger beds have shared in the
disturbances and folds which contorted the older subdivision. Like the underlying
beds the Raipurs are unfossiliferous and with a thickness of some 609.6 meters
along the Mahanadi valley form a flat trough. There seems to be considerable
lateral variation. The group is composed mainly of purple shales calcareous,
siliceous or sandy and lime stones. The limestone is thick bedded, compact,
splintery or shaly, grading into shales and often seamed with chert bends.
Laterite is reported in small isolated spreads over the shales of the Raipur series
at a few places. The ferruginous rock formations of Cuddapah age are
responsible for the formation of laterite which has been formed due to the
leaching and concentration of iron oxides from sand stones of Chandepur series
and from limestones, dolomites, and shales of Raipur series.

Alluvium occurs in flood plains and valley of the rivers. Soils and their
composition depend upon the mother rock from which they have been derived.
To the east of Mahanadi, yellow and red soils prevail.
4.2.3 Seismicity
The project site is located in the central India which is a seismically low region.
The project site is situated in the Zone II (having low seismic intensity) of the
Seismic Map of India (IS:1893, Part I, 2002) and therefore has a low risk of
potential damage due to earthquake. No reports of significance earth quake
shocks in the area are available but the area has experienced on a few
occasions earth-quakes originating in the Great Himalayan Boundary Fault Zone.
However, the earth quakes of slight intensity due to local crustal adjustment are
also possible in the area.

4.3

SOIL

The soil of the study area is very shallow, yellowish brown to reddish brown,
sandy clay loam to clay loam. The agricultural properties and fertility status of the
soil of this region are generally poor and not suitable for the growth of various
kinds of crops. Rice is the main crop in that area.
In the study area, there are lots of water bodies in the form of lakes, ponds,
nallahs and irrigation canals. Land is irrigated using surface water. Rain water is
the main source for irrigation.

4.3.1 Soil Monitoring Stations

To assess the impacts of the developmental activities on the soils in the area, the
physico-chemical characteristics of soils within the study area were examined by
obtaining soil samples from selected points and analysis of the same.

Four (4) representative sampling stations within the study area were selected for
studying soil characteristics in the study corridor, the locations of which are listed
in Table 4.1. Stations were spread over the study area, keeping in view the
vegetative cover and soil types, which would accord an overall idea of the soil
characteristics within the study area.

Table 4.1: Details of Soil Quality Monitoring Stations

Sl.
No.
1.
2.
3.

Location
Code
SQ1
SQ2
SQ3

4.

SQ4

Location Description
Agricultural field, village Rakhi
Residential area, Colony Bhatapara, village Rakhi
Plantation area near proposed Sports Complex,
Village Nawagaon
Agricultural field, village Reiko

4.3.2 Methodology of Soil Monitoring

Soil samples representing the winter condition were collected during January
2007. A number of parameters were determined which are indicative of physical,
chemical and fertility characteristics. Sampling and analysis was conducted as
per established standard methods and procedures prescribed in IS:2720 and
ASTM.
4.3.3 Soil Characteristics in the Study Area
The physico-chemical characteristics of the soils in the study area, as obtained
from the analysis of the soil samples, are presented in Table 4.2.
Soils in the study corridor were found to be sandy clay loam in most places and
clay loam in one place. Soils were generally alkaline with pH range 6.9-.7.4.
Electrical conductivity (EC) was low, generally varying between 142.5-185.4
mhos/cm. Sodium level (20.2- 46.4 g/g) in the soil samples was low. In
comparison to sodium, potassium level (50.0-130.0g/g) was found to be high.

Nitrogen level (0.42-1.11 g/g) was very low. Observed phosphorous level (15.240.4 g/g) was found medium to high. Organic matter content (organic carbon
0.65-1.60%) was fairly high indicating good vegetative potential of the soils. Soils
were observed to possess appreciable level of potassium and phosphorous
indicating moderate fertility or agricultural potential of the soils. The levels of
other elements were good except nitrogen. Thus, the overall fertility status of the
soils within the study area is moderate to good.

Table 4.2: Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area

Sl. Parameter & Unit
No
.
1. Texture

Sampling Locations
SQ1
SQ2

SQ3

SQ4

Sandy
Clay Loam Sandy
Sandy
Clay loam
Clay loam Clay loam

2.

Grain size distribution

a) Sand (%)
48.4
30.4
38.5
b) Silt (%)
17.1
32.4
24.4
c) Clay (%)
34.5
37.2
37.1
3. pH (10%w/v slurry)
6.9
7.4
7.0
4. Conductivity (mhos/cm)* 160
170
142.5
5. Organic matter (%)
0.65
1.45
1.6
6. Nitrogen (g/g)
0.42
1.11
0.82
7. Phosphorous (g/g)
15.2
40.4
25.4
8. Sodium (g/g)
20.2
23.3
22.1
9. Potassium (g/g)
53.3
130.0
50.0
10. Lead (g/g)
BDL
BDL
15.4
* Conductivity of 10% w/v of slurry at 30C

4.4

42.4
18.9
38.7
7.3
185.4
0.85
1.05
20.6
46.4
92.5
BDL

Land Use Pattern

The NRDA planning area consists of 41 villages covering a total of 23742.63 Ha.
The Existing Land Use Plan of these 41 villages was adopted under the
provisions of section 69(B) read with section 15 (3) of the Chhattisgarh Nagar
Tatha Gram Nivesh Adhiniyam 1973 (no. 23 of 1973) by the Housing and
Environment Department, Government of Chhattisgarh vide notification ref. no.

37, dated 20.06.2002. Table-4.3 shows the existing land use distribution in the
NRDA Planning Area.

Table 4.3: Land Use Pattern in the NRDA Planning Area

S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Land Use
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Public & Semi Public
Transportation
Recreational
Water Body
Agriculture
Total

Area ( in Ha)
257.48
26.61
65.34
302.65
1131.44
107.73
1846.70
20004.68
23742.63

Percentage (%)
1.08
0.11
0.28
1.27
4.77
0.45
7.78
84.26
100

Post- publication period of the existing land use plan for NRDA Planning Area
has seen many new developments coming up like the Open Air Museum, FCI
Godowns, Shradhani Durbar and a number of facilities and utilities like schools,
petrol pumps etc.

Residential
Commercial
Industrial

Land Use Pattern

Public & Semi

Public
Transportation
Recreational
W ater Body
Agriculture

4.5

Water Bodies

Naya Raipur is dotted with a large number of water bodies. The total area under
natural water bodies is 233.71 Ha. There are three major lakes namely Kumhari,
Pirdaon & Kurud and several smaller water bodies exist in the region. Apart from
these, there are a number of natural drainage channels and nallahs flowing
across the city. Three rivers cross the delineated region Mahanandi, Seonath
and Kharun. The Mahanadi is the primary and perennial river of this region. The
whole of the Raipur district except a few square kilometers on the KondagaonBastar plateau is covered by the Mahanadi drainage system. The general slope
of the area with local variations is towards the north. Consequently, all important
streams flow mainly towards the north. River Mahanandi being perennial in
nature is also reinforced with water from Pairi and Sukha and has the capacity to
discharge the requisite amount of water for the proposed Naya Raipur.

4.6

Water Supply

Provision of safe, adequate water is a basic necessity for the healthy living of a
community. On the basis of the total water demand in different design years,
identification of the water source, requirement of treatment plant and storage
reservoirs have been estimated.
Presently, the area is rural with ponds, small reservoirs and canals. It is also
dotted with small to very large water tanks, which are used by the villagers for
ablutions, drinking, domestic purpose and for irrigation. The Mahanadi Main
Canal that runs along the western bank of the river principally feeds the
extensive canal network in the New Capital City region.
4.6.1 Water Supply Norms for Naya Raipur
Considering recommendations of Central Public Health and Environmental

Engineering Organization (CPHEEO), Manual for Water Supply, Master Plan for
Delhi 2001 and Raipur Development Plan 2005, the following water supply norms
have been adopted for the Naya Raipur City:
Residential areas
Commercial areas and Government
Offices
Hotels
Hospital
A.
WITH BEDS MORE THAN 100
b.
With beds less than 100
Institutional/ Industrial and Other
areas
Unaccounted Water
Fire fighting demand

:
:

150 litres per capita per day

70 litres per employee per day

180 litres per bed per day

:
:
:

450 litres per bed per day

340 litres per bed per day
45,000 litres per hectare per
day
: 15% of total
1% of total demand

4.6.2 Water Demand

Based on the above norms, the water demand for the Naya Raipur has been
worked out. For Phase-wise demand of water supply is given in Table-4.4

Table 4.4: Phase wise demand of water supply

Phas Additional Demand (in MLD)
e
Total Demand Fire
Total
Total
Total
Deman consideri Deman Deman
Domest Nonic
domesti d
ng UFW d
@d
Deman c
@ 15%
1%
(in
d
demand
MLD)
1
28.16
45.66
73.82 84.89
0.85
85.74
2
19.82
60.26
80.08 92.09
0.92
93.01
3
20.5
15.91
36.41 41.87
0.42
42.29
Total 68.5
121.83 190.33 218.88
2.19
221.07

Cumulative
Demand
(in MLD)

85.74
178.76
221.07

Domestic
Demand
(28.16 MLD)

Initial
Requirement
(73.82 MLD)

Non-domestic
Demand
(45.66 MLD)

Sewage Generation
@ 80% of Total
Water Supply

STP
(60
59.06 MLD
MLD
Capacit
y)

Fire fitting (0.85

MLD)
Cooling Water (15
MLD)

Treated
Waste Water
Generation @
90% of Total
Sewage
Generated
i.e., 53.15
MLD

Greenbelt Development
(37.3)

Fig. 4.2: Water Balance Diagram for Phase 1

4.6.3 Water Resources and Availability

Following surface water resources are available in the area

Seonath River

Mahanadi River

Mahanadi Canal

Seonath River is seasonal. Mahanadi River and Mahanadi Main Canal have
perennial flow of water and are dependable sources. For the first phase
requirement of water, Mahanadi Main Canal intake or Annicut construction on
Mahanadi River may be considered. For the water requirement in the second and
the third phases, new barrage near Rajim may be the source.

4.7

Water Quality

4.7.1 Water Quality Monitoring Stations

For generating data on surface water quality parameters and drawing up the
baseline scenario in the study area, thirteen (13) representative surface water
quality monitoring stations (designated as SW1 to SW13) were selected.
Ground water has been found as an important source for catering to the local
needs of water consumption for various purposes, mainly domestic in the villages
and towns. Therefore, any kind of deterioration owing to the developmental
activities in the quality of ground water will pose some threat to the village
population and attention needs to be paid towards maintaining the quality of
water using all possible tools such as monitoring with spontaneous remedial
suggestions, if required.
Keeping in view the importance of ground water to the local population, eight (8)
representative ground water quality monitoring stations (designated as GW1 to
GW8) were identified for the monitoring and assessment of ground water quality.
The location and brief description of the water quality monitoring stations are
listed in Table-4.5.
Table 4.5: Details of Water Quality Monitoring Stations
Sl. Location Type
Location Description
No. Code
SW1
Surface water Bada Talab, Village - Chatwana
SW2
SW3
SW4
SW5
SW6
SW7
SW8
SW9

Surface water
Surface water
Surface water
Surface water
Surface water
Surface water
Surface water
Surface water

Pond near Sports Complex, Village - Sendh

Purana Talab, Village - Chicha
Bada Talab, Village - Kotrabhata
Bada Talab, Village - Rakhi
Pond, Village - Jhangh
Gousain Talab, Village - Khapri
Pond, Village Uparwara
Pond, Village - Khandwa

Present
Use
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic

Sl. Location
No. Code
SW10
SW11
SW12
SW13
GW1

Type

Location Description

Surface water
Surface water
Surface water
Surface water
Ground water

Rajiv Nisda Water Dam, Village - Nisda

Pond, Village - Paludh (Near proposed STP)
Dabri Talab, Village - Rakhi
Nawa Talab, Village - Rakhi
Hand pump, Village - Chatwana
(inside the school)
Hand pump, Bhatapara, Village - Rakhi,
opposite to the residence of Mr. Genduram
Hand pump, Village - Uparwara
Hand pump, Village Reiko,
residence of Mr. B.L Deshmukh,
Hand pump, Village Bhatapara
Hand pump, Bajar Chawk, Village - Rakhi,
adjacent to Swarnajayanti Smriti Smarak
Hand pump, Village Rakhi
(inside the High School)
Hand pump, Patel Para, Village Rakhi,
adjacent to the residence of Bodh Rai ,. Pawan

GW2

Ground water

GW3
GW4

Ground water
Ground water

GW5
GW6

Ground water
Ground water

GW7

Ground water

GW8

Ground water

Present
Use
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Drinking
Drinking
Drinking
Drinking
Drinking
Drinking
Drinking
Drinking

4.7.2 Methodology of Water Quality Monitoring

Water samples (grab samples) were collected once in the month of January 2007.
The samples were analysed for relevant physical, and chemical parameters for
drawing up the baseline data. Certain heavy metals, trace elements and toxic
constituents of these samples were also analysed.
All the basic precautions and care were taken during the sampling to avoid
contamination. Analysis of the samples was carried out as per established
standard methods and procedures prescribed by the CPCB, e.g. relevant IS
Codes (IS:2488 (Part-1 to 5) Methods for Sampling and Testing of Industrial
Effluents), and Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater
published by APHA.
4.7.3 Surface Water Quality of the Study Area
The water quality monitoring results of the water bodies (pond) of the study area
are statistically analysed in Table 4.6, depicting minimum, maximum, arithmetic

mean and standard deviation. The percent time violations (PTV) i.e. the
percentages of time the water quality parameters violate the permissible
standards are also depicted therein. Details of water quality monitoring results of
the water bodies at location SW1 to SW13 are presented in Table A.2.1 & TableA.2.2 of Annex-2.
Temperature varied between 21.0-25.0C. pH values were in the range of 6.8-7.8,
which were within the tolerance limit of 6.5-8.5. Conductivity varied between 114909 mhos/cm with TDS ranging between 67.4-603 mg/l. Such values of
conductivity and TDS indicate that the water is highly mineralized.
TSS varied between 0-32 mg/l, while turbidity ranged between 7-20 NTU. Low
values of turbidity and TSS indicates very low sediment load in the water bodies
implying negligible soil erosion from the bed of the water bodies during the
monitoring period.
Satisfactory levels of dissolved oxygen were observed in all the samples, levels
varying between 4.8-7.0 mg/l which are above the permissible limit of 4 mg/l for
fish. Natural regeneration/reoxygenation could be main reason of such levels of
DO and pH. BOD varied between 2-4.2 mg/l indicating the absence of strong
oxidisable loads. COD ranged between 5.4-12.5 mg/l.

Oil and grease was

undetected in most of the samples except S3 & SW4, where the value were 0.20
and 0.25 mg/l respectively.
Total alkalinity varied between 15-210 mg/l. Total hardness values were
observed to vary in the range of 36-187 mg/l, below the prescribed limit of 300
mg/l for drinking water.
Chloride and sulphate contents were 17.1-106 mg/l and 8-44 mg/l respectively.
While sodium content varied between 4-65 mg/l, potassium ranged between 1-63
mg/l. Levels of calcium and magnesium were 8-50 mg/l and 1-15 mg/l

respectively.
Average phosphate level was 1.08 mg/l, which was lower than the average
nitrate nitrogen level of 2.27 mg/l. This indicates that phosphorous was a
potentially more limiting nutrient than nitrogen for phytoplankton growth.
Toxic constituent as phenol was below the detection limit in all the samples. Among
heavy metals and trace elements while iron was detected with the maximum level of
1.2 mg/l, others like zinc, boron, arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium and
selenium were below their respective detection limits.
From the percent time violations figures it is revealed that all the parameters
were below the permissible standards stipulated for Inland Surface Waters
(Class C i.e. drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by
disinfection) except BOD and oil & grease.
The water of the ponds studied was in a pretty healthy and clean state and was
not significantly affected by extraneous pollution as evidenced from the observed
value of pH (6.8-7.8), DO (4.8-7 mg/l) and BOD (2-4.2 mg/l). Such consistent
levels of pH, DO, BOD, nitrogen and oil & grease clearly decipher the absence of
any significant pollution.

Table-4.6 Surface Water Quality Statistics of Water Bodies within the study
Area
(Based on On-site Water Quality Monitoring during January 2007)
S. N.
1
2
3
4
5
6

Parameter and Unit

Temperature (C)
Turbidity (NTU)
pH
Conductivity (mhos/cm)
DO (mg/L)
BOD (3 days at 27C) (mg/L)

N
13
13
13
13
13
13

Min
21
7
6.8
114
4.8
2

Max
25
20
7.8
909
7
4.2

AM
23.3
10.5
370
5.75
3.21

SD
1.09
3.55
241
0.761
0.742

PTV
0
0
46

Limit
8.5
4
3

S. N. Parameter and Unit

7
COD (mg/L)
8
Total Coliforms (MPN/100
mL)
9
TSS (mg/L)
10
TDS (mg/L)
11
Oil and Grease (mg/L)
12
Free Ammonia (mg/L as NH3)
13
Cyanide (mg/L as CN)
14
Phenol (mg/L as C6H5OH)
15
Total Hardness (mg/L as
CaCO3)
16
Total Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3)
17
Chloride (mg/L as Cl)
18
Sulphate (mg/L as SO4)
19
Nitrate (mg/L as NO3)
20
Phosphate (mg/L as PO4)
21
Fluoride (mg/L as F)
22
Sodium (mg/L as Na)
23
Potassium (mg/L as K)
24
Calcium (mg/L as Ca)
25
Magnesium (mg/L as Mg)
26
Iron (mg/L as Fe)
27
Zinc (mg/L as Zn)
28
Boron (mg/L as B)
29
Arsenic (mg/L as As)
30
Mercury (mg/L as Hg)
31
Lead (mg/L as Pb)
32
Cadmium (mg/L as Cd)
33
Chromium (mg/L as Cr)
34
Selenium (mg/L as Se)
35
Percent Sodium (%)
36
Sodium Absorption Ratio

N Min
13 5.4
13 820

Max AM SD PTV Limit

12.5 9.17 1.98 2410 1505 428 0
5000

13
13
13
13
13
13
13

NIL
67.4
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
36

32
603
0.25
2.1
BDL
BDL
187

18.5
242
BDL
1.17
BDL
BDL
84

8.01
158
925
0.594
48.6

0
23
0
0
-

1500
0.1
0.05
0.005
-

13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13

15
17.1
8
0.35
NIL
BDL
4
1
8
1
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
10.9
0.234

210
106
44
3.5
2.1
1.7
65
63
50
15
1.2
0.32
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
56.2
2.5

82.1
41.9
21
2.27
1.08
1.01
28
14.7
23.5
6.41
0.433
0.025
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
35.3
1.27

57.8
30.6
10.5
0.957
0.675
0.434
20.1
17.9
12.3
4.51
0.328
0.089
12.8
0.698

0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
-

600
400
50
1.5
50
15
0.2
0.1
0.01
0.05
-

N- No of measurements, AM- Arithmetic mean, SD- Standard deviation,

BDL- Below detection limit,
PTV- Percent time violations over permissible limits* (maximum) stipulated
for Inland Surface Waters (Class C) i.e. drinking water source with
conventional treatment followed by disinfection (IS:2296)

4.7.4 Ground Water Quality in the Study Area

All the ground water sources monitored were hand pump. Since the ground water
is used without treatment by a large portion of population for drinking purpose
and domestic use, the quality of ground water is of more concern.
The ground water quality monitoring results are statistically analysed in Table-4.7.
Details of ground water quality monitoring results at locations GW1 to GW5 are
presented in Table-A.2.3 in Annex-2.
The salient water quality features of the ground water are as under:
SN Parameter
Range
Mean
1. PH
7.4 7.8
2. TSS (mg/l)
NIL
3. TDS (mg/l)
172 - 403
302
4. Total hardness (mg/l as CaCO3)
81.8 - 214
163
5. Chloride (mg/L as Cl)
28 - 85
43.8
6. Iron (mg/l as Fe)
0.25 0.75
0.48
All the tube wells exhibited limited variation of temperature, which are the typical
characteristics of ground water.
There has been little fluctuation in pH with overall range of 7.4-7.8, generally
above the neutral mark and was within the permissible limits of 6.5-8.5 stipulated
in drinking water quality standards. Conductivity varied between 268-637
mhos/cm. TDS ranged between 172-403 mg/l, in all cases (100%) having the
value below the prescribed limit of 500 mg/l for drinking water. Such lower value
of conductivity and TDS indicate that the water is not mineralized of that area.
Total alkalinity varied between 66.5-176 mg/l, the values in 100% cases being
below the prescribed limit of 200 mg/l for drinking water. Total hardness values
were observed to vary in the range of 81.8-214 mg/l having the values below the
desired limit of 300 mg/l for drinking water in 100% cases.
Chloride and sulphate contents were 28-85 mg/l and 15.5-32 mg/l respectively. While

sodium content varied between 12-36 mg/l, potassium ranged between 0-2 mg/l.
Levels of calcium and magnesium were 4-67 mg/l and 5-17.5 mg/l respectively.
Fluoride contents were 0.8-1.25 mg/l. All these parameters were within the
permissible limits for drinking water except fluoride. In 50% cases fluoride were
above the permissible limit of 1 mg/l for drinking water.
Toxic constituent as phenol was below the detection limit in all these samples.
Among heavy metals and trace elements while iron was detected with the
maximum level of 0.75 mg/l, others like zinc, arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium,
chromium and selenium were below their respective detection limits. Iron levels
were found to be slightly high, in 75% cases above the permissible limit of 0.3
mg/l for drinking water.

Table 4.7: Ground Water Quality Statistics along Project Road

(Based on On-site Water Quality Monitoring during January 2007)
S. N.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Parameter and Unit

Temperature (C)
Turbidity (NTU)
pH
Conductivity (mhos/cm)
TSS (mg/L)
TDS (mg/L)
Cyanide (mg/L as CN)
Phenol (mg/L as C6H5OH)
Total Hardness (mg/L as
CaCO3)
Total Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3)
Chloride (mg/L as Cl)
Sulphate (mg/L as SO4)
Nitrate (mg/L as NO3)
Phosphate (mg/L as PO4)
Fluoride (mg/L as F)
Sodium (mg/L as Na)
Potassium (mg/L as K)
Calcium (mg/L as Ca)
Magnesium (mg/L as Mg)
Iron (mg/L as Fe)

N
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

Min
24
NIL
7.4
268
NIL
172
BDL
BDL
81.8

Max
26
NIL
7.8
637
NIL
403
BDL
BDL
214

AM
24.8
NIL
461
NIL
302
BDL
BDL
163

SD
0.923
NIL
117
NIL
76.4
42.5

PTV
0
0
0
0
0
0

Limit
5
8.5
500
0.05
0.001
300

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

66.5
28
15.5
NIL
BDL
0.8
12
NIL
4
5
0.25

176
85
32
1.1
BDL
1.25
36
2
67
17.5
0.75

126
43.8
23.5
BDL
BDL
1.05
22.4
1.25
44.1
12.8
0.48

34.1
17.5
5.98
950
0.165
7.21
0.655
18.9
4.4
0.192

0
0
0
0
50
0
0
75

200
250
200
45
1
75
30
0.3

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Zinc (mg/L as Zn)

Boron (mg/L as B)
Arsenic (mg/L as As)
Mercury (mg/L as Hg)
Lead (mg/L as Pb)
Cadmium (mg/L as Cd)
Chromium (mg/L as Cr)
Selenium (mg/L as Se)
Percent Sodium (%)
Sodium Absorption Ratio

8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
13.9
0.413

BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
34.3
1.07

BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
23.2
0.77

6.02
0.209

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-

5
1
0.05
0.001
0.05
0.01
0.01
-

N- No of measurements, AM- Arithmetic mean, SD- Standard deviation,

BDL- Below detection limit, PTV- Percent time violations over permissible
limits* (maximum) stipulated for drinking
water (IS:10500).
From above it can be concluded that the ground water, in general, is soft in nature
and the physico-chemical quality satisfy the desired limit of the Drinking Water
Standards except fluoride and iron. All the parameters are well within the maximum
permissible limit and it does not pose any threat to the health of the population
concerned.

4.8

Climate & Meteorology

The climate of the area is moderate and tropical characterized by a hot summer
from March to Mid June, a humid monsoon or rainy season stretching from Mid
June to September, a short pleasant post-monsoon during October and
November, and a cool winter spanning between December and February.
Therefore, climatologically, four seasons viz. summer (pre-monsoon), monsoon,
post-monsoon and winter could be deciphered comprising the following months:
Summer
Monsoon
Post-monsoon
Winter

:
March, April, May
:
June, July, August, September
October, November
:
December, January, February.

On site monitoring of meteorological parameters like wind speed & wind direction,
temperature, cloud cover, humidity and rainfall was carried out continuous for 21
days (17/12/2006 to 06/01/2007] during winter season. Date wise hourly climatic

features of the study area are presented in Annexure-3. Summary of the climatic
features are presented in Table-4.8 and described in the subsequent sections.

Table 4.8: Meteorological data of the Study Corridor

Date

17/12/06
18/12/06
19/12/06
20/12/06
21/12/06
22/12/06
23/12/06
24/12/06
25/12/06
26/12/06
27/12/06
28/12/06
29/12/06
30/12/06
31/12/06
01/01/07
02/01/07
03/01/07
04/01/07
05/01/07
06/01/07

(Based on On-site 24-hourly Monitoring Results)

Wind speed
Temperature (C) Relative humidity
(%)
(Km/hr)
Min
Max
Min
Max
Min
Max
17.1
27.5
41.0
62.1
0.6
4.2
14.7
27.2
41.0
71.1
0.4
5.2
12.0
27.1
39.5
73.1
0.4
4.4
13.5
28.3
39.0
75.8
0.3
8.2
14.0
35.0
40.5
75.5
0.6
5.1
14.0
33.2
49.8
76.4
0.2
4.3
15.0
31.0
50.1
73.5
0.2
4.2
13.5
31.8
52.0
70.4
0.3
4.8
14.0
33.6
51.0
74.8
0.1
3.7
15.0
28.3
52.6
72.5
0.1
3.1
14.0
28.6
50.2
70.3
0.1
5.9
13.4
29.9
51.8
68.5
0.2
5.1
15.7
28.4
49.3
68.9
0.5
4.2
15.2
27.7
52.1
67.4
0.4
4.8
14.3
27.6
46.0
67.4
0.5
4.8
14.2
28.5
50.1
74.0
0.3
5.3
14.0
28.6
45.0
69.5
0.3
4.2
13.0
26.6
48.1
55.4
0.3
3.0
12.0
27.5
48.5
57.1
0.5
5.1
11.5
27.5
43.0
63.1
0.3
5.3
12.1
26.0
48.7
69.5
0.3
4.2

During the study period, temperature varies widely, 21/12/2006 was the hottest
day (14.0-35.0C) and 05/01/2007 was the coldest day (11.5-27.5C). Humidity
was moderate through out the study period and varies from 39% to 76.4%. No
rainfall occurs during this period and wind speed varies between 0.1 to 8.2 km/hr.

4.9 Pollution
4.9.1 Air Pollution
Durg and Raipur are the most industrially developed areas in the state. One of
the biggest steel plants of the country and many ancillary industries are located
in Bhilai. Major cement plants are operating in Tilda, Raipur area is one of the 18
most polluting industries identified by CPCB.
The ambient air quality of Bhilai and Raipur during 2004 has been done by CPCB
(table 4.9). SO2 and NO2 in Bhilai and Raipur are low except in New HIG 9,
Hirapur in Raipur where NO2 is moderate. However, it has been usually observed
that RSPM and SPM are high to critical in these areas even in the residential
areas. Thus, there is need to control the SPM and RSPM in these areas.

Table 4.9 : Ambient Air Quality Data, 2004: Annual Average Concentration
in g/m3 of Air Pollutants under NAMP
Type
CITY

LOCATION

of

Average Std.

Air

(g/m3)

Deviation

24

87 L

21

71 L

BDL

85 L

11

63 L

10

68 L

Area

Quality

SO2 levels
Laghu Udyog
Nigam I.A.
Bhilai

Vishak Hostel
Regional Office
Bunglow Office
Bldg.
M/s Wool Worth (I)

Raipur

Ltd
New HIG 9,
Hirapur

Type
CITY

LOCATION

of

Average Std.

Air

(g/m3)

Deviation

29

87 L

26

71 L

19

85 L

38

63 L

37

68 M

148

14

88 H

128

10

80 C

107

89 C

292

80

73 C

275

73

78 C

264

18

88 M

Vishak Hostel

234

15

80 C

Regional Office

193

12

89 H

Area

Quality

NO2 levels
Laghu Udyog
Nigam I.A.
Bhilai

Vishak Hostel
Regional Office
Bunglow Office
Bldg.
M/s Wool Worth (I)

Raipur

Ltd
New HIG 9,
Hirapur

RSPM
Laghu Udyog
Nigam I.A.
Bhilai

Vishak Hostel
Regional Office
Bunglow Office
Bldg.
M/s Wool Worth (I)

Raipur

Ltd
New HIG 9,
Hirapur

SPM
Laghu Udyog
Bhilai

Nigam I.A.

Type
CITY

LOCATION

of

Average Std.

Air

(g/m3)

Deviation

416

95

73 H

402

91

78 C

Area

Quality

Bunglow Office
Bldg.
M/s Wool Worth (I)
Raipur

Ltd
New HIG 9,
Hirapur

Note:R Residential and other areas, I Industrial area, Std deviation Standard
deviation, n number of days monitored for 16 and more hours a day
L- Low, M- Moderate, H High and
C Critical levels of pollution based on exceedence factor (calculated for n 50
days)
BDL = Below Detection Limit (Concentration less than 4 g/m3 for SO2)
BDL = Below Detection Limit (Concentration less than 9 g/m3 for NO2)
Source: www./cpcb.nic.in
The study conducted by Environmental Planning and Coordination Organisation
revealed that the SPM in residential areas of Bhilai and Raipur has reached the
critical level (i.e. above 210 g/m3 as against 140 g/m3). NOX levels in
residential areas of Bhilai were moderate (i.e. between 30-60 g/m3).
Ambient air quality monitored at Birgaon, Urla, and Raipur (table 4.9) by CPCB
indicates concentration of SO2 is within permissible limit set by CPCB, however,
NOx annual concentration is higher than its annual permissible limit. Similarly the
average SPM level is more than permissible limit during non-monsoon season

4.9.2 Current Status of Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area

In an earlier report optimum no. of stations namely AQ1 to AQ15 are chosen.
The locations are selected based on projected population density in the blocks,
land use and traffic density on the roads. The locations of the ambient air quality
monitoring stations in the study area are summarized in Table-4.10.
Table 4.10: Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
Sl. Location Location Description
No. Code
1. AQ1
Primary
School,
Village

Chattauna (Sector-1)
2. AQ2
Residence of Mr. B L Deshmukh,
Village Reiko (Sector-6)
3. AQ3
Residence
of
Mr.
Sanjay
Banerjee,
Village Chicha (Sector-7)
4. AQ4
Residence of Mr. Jaipal Yadav,
Village Kotrabhata (Sector-17)
5. AQ5
Residence of Mr. Genduram,
Village Rakhi, (Sector-19)
6. AQ6
Residence of Mr. Gabbar Singh
Tarat,
Village Mana
7. AQ7
Residence of Mr. Manohar,
Village Jhangh (Sector-24)
8. AQ8
Residence of Mr. Kumar Mahipal
Village Nawagaon (Sector-28)
9. AQ9
Residence
of
Mr.
Ramlal
Ghidonde, Village Khapri
(Sector-32)
10. AQ10
Residence of Mr. Santosh Patel,
Village Uparwara (Sector-33)
11. AQ11
On the rooftop of Durga Mandir,
University Complex (Sector-41)
12. AQ12
On the rooftop of Mr. Chandra
Kumars shop, Mandir Hasoud
13. AQ13
On the rooftop of Mr. Rajesh
Sahus Dhaba, Village Kendri
14. AQ14
Ramcharit
Manas
Bhaban

Monitored
Parameters
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
& CO
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
& CO
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
& CO
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
& CO
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
& CO
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx
& CO
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx

Sl. Location Location Description

No. Code
Opposite
of
Sarpanchs
Residence,
Patel Para, Village Rakhi
15. AQ15
Commercial Structure of Tulsi
Ram Sahu
Bajar Chawk, Village Rakhi

Monitored
Parameters
& CO

SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx

& CO

Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted during the month of December
2006 (17/12/2006) to January 2007 (12/01/2007] at a frequency of thrice at each
station but not on consecutive days.
Monitoring station-wise as well as overall statistical analysis (minimum, maximum,
arithmetic mean, standard deviation and 98-percentile values) of the ambient air
quality monitoring results is shown in Table 4.11. National ambient air quality
standards are reproduced in Annexure-1. The detailed on-site monitoring results
of SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx & CO corresponding to air quality stations AQ1 to AQ15
are presented in Table-A.4.1 in Annexure-4. Station wise ariation of ambient air
quality parameters has been pictorially shown in Figure-4.3 & 4.4

4.9.2.1Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

Arithmetic mean of the 24-hourly average values of SPM varied station-wise
between 276 g/m3 (at AQ7, village - Jhangh) and 605 g/m3 (at AQ12, Mandir
Hasud) with overall mean of the 15 stations being 392 g/m3.
Summary of SPM levels in the study area:
Statio Station Location
Area
SPM (
g/m3)
n
Catego Range
Mean
Code
ry
AQ1 Chatawana
Rural
381- 422 402
AQ2 Reiko
Rural
333-381 356
AQ3 Chicha
Rural
283-309 292
AQ4 Kotrabhata
Rural
381-429 406
AQ5 Rakhi (Bhata Para) Rural
452-457 454
AQ6 Mana
Rural
425-496 451

98%tile
421
379
308
428
457
492

Standar
d
200
200
200
200
200
200

AQ7
AQ8
AQ9
AQ10
AQ11
AQ12
AQ13
AQ14
AQ15
All

Jhangh
Nawagaon
Khapri
Uparwara
University Complex
Mandir Hasud
Kendri
Rakhi (Patel Para)
Rakhi
(Bazar
Chawk)
Overall
15
Locations

Rural
Rural
Rural
Rural
Rural
Rural
Rural
Rural
Rural

268-286
289-306
295-339
331-378
412-435
582-622
312-352
470-495
397-477

276
297
318
350
422
605
334
482
436

285
305
338
376
434
621
351
494
474

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

Rural

268-622 392

611

200

The 24-hourly average 98-percentile values of SPM (max 622 g/m3 at AQ12,
Mandir Hasud) at all the locations were observed to be above the limit of 200
g/m3 for residential, rural & other areas as stipulated in the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards. SPM levels are high at all the monitoring stations because of
air borned dust. As the soil particles are loose, during high winds, the
concentration of dust in the air increases. There are no other sources of pollution.
4.9.2.2 Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM)
Arithmetic mean of the 24-hourly average values of RPM varied station-wise
between 131 g/m3 (at AQ3, village Chicha) and 221 g/m3 (at AQ12, Mandir
Hasud). The overall mean for 15 stations was 185 g/m3.
The 24-hourly average 98-percentile values of RPM (max 245 g/m3 at AQ6,
village Mana) at all locations were observed to be above the limit of 100 g/m3
for residential, rural & other areas as per the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards. RPM levels are high at all the monitoring stations because of air
borned dust. There are no other sources of pollution.

Summary of RPM levels in the study area:

Statio Station Location
Area
RPM (
g/m3)
n
Catego Range
Mean
Code
ry
AQ1 Chatawana
Rural
169-201 181
AQ2 Reiko
Rural
180-226 198
AQ3 Chicha
Rural
118-144 131
AQ4 Kotrabhata
Rural
191-201 194
AQ5 Rakhi (Bhata Para) Rural
196-215 206
AQ6 Mana
Rural
182-245 208
AQ7 Jhangh
Rural
139-173 156
AQ8 Nawagaon
Rural
141-175 153
AQ9 Khapri
Rural
163-187 174
AQ10 Uparwara
Rural
152-191 169
AQ11 University Complex Rural
183-228 206
AQ12 Mandir Hasud
Rural
195-239 221
AQ13 Kendri
Rural
169-197 181
AQ14 Rakhi (Patel Para)
Rural
204-221 211
AQ15 Rakhi
(Bazar Rural
169-210 190
Chawk)
All
Overall
15 Rural
118-245 185
Locations

98%tile
199
224
143
200
215
242
172
173
186
189
227
238
196
220
209

Standar
d
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

240

100

4.9.2.3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

The overall mean of 24-hourly average values of SO2 over the study area was
derived to be 7.87 g/m3 with station-wise variation of arithmetic mean values at
the 15 stations between 3.37 g/m3 (at AQ9, Khapri) and 29.27 g/m3 (at AQ12,
Mandir Hasud).
The 24-hourly average 98-percentile values of SO2 (max 32.15 g/m3 at AQ12,
Mandir Hasud) at all the locations were below the permissible limit of 80 g/m3 as
stipulated in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for residential, rural &
other areas.

Summary of SO2 levels in the study area:

Statio Station Location
Area
SO2 (
g/m3)
n
Catego Range
Mean
Code
ry
AQ1 Chatawana
Rural
7.6-12.5 10.03
AQ2 Reiko
Rural
BDL-5.3 3.43
AQ3 Chicha
Rural
BDL-BDL AQ4 Kotrabhata
Rural
BDL-5.3 3.43
AQ5 Rakhi (Bhata Para) Rural
9-12.1
10.53
AQ6 Mana
Rural
7.5-10.5 9
AQ7 Jhangh
Rural
BDL-BDL AQ8 Nawagaon
Rural
7.1-8.6 8
AQ9 Khapri
Rural
BDL-5.1 3.37
AQ10 Uparwara
Rural
9.3-12.5 11.27
AQ11 University Complex Rural
BDL-BDL AQ12 Mandir Hasud
Rural
27.1-32.4 29.27
AQ13 Kendri
Rural
12-15.4 13.83
AQ14 Rakhi (Patel Para)
Rural
BDL-7.1 4.97
AQ15 Rakhi
(Bazar Rural
BDL-5.2 3.4
Chawk)
All
Overall
15 Rural
BDL7.87
Locations
32.4

98%tile
12.35
5.13
5.13
12
10.41
8.58
4.94
12.47
32.15
15.32
6.99
5.04

Standar
d
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80

28.71

80

98%tile
32.91
12.42
9.96
13

Standar
d
80
80
80
80

22
19.35
12.88
17.33
9.68
22.26
12.94
52.07
22.36
14
16.2

80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80

4.9.2.4 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Summary of NOx levels in the study area:
Statio Station Location
Area
NOx (
g/m3)
n
Catego Range
Mean
Code
ry
AQ1 Chatawana
Rural
30-33
31.5
AQ2 Reiko
Rural
9.6-12.5 11.07
AQ3 Chicha
Rural
BDL-10
7.3
AQ4 Kotrabhata
Rural
10.111.81
13.04
AQ5 Rakhi (Bhata Para) Rural
19.4-22.1 20.67
AQ6 Mana
Rural
16.4-19.5 17.63
AQ7 Jhangh
Rural
9.6-13
11.2
AQ8 Nawagaon
Rural
12.1-17.4 15.23
AQ9 Khapri
Rural
BDL-9.7 7.17
AQ10 Uparwara
Rural
18.4-22.4 20.3
AQ11 University Complex Rural
10.5-13
11.83
AQ12 Mandir Hasud
Rural
46.4-52.2 49.57
AQ13 Kendri
Rural
18.5-22.5 20.37
AQ14 Rakhi (Patel Para)
Rural
11.1-14.1 12.57
AQ15 Rakhi
(Bazar Rural
12.4-16.4 13.97

Statio Station Location

n
Code
Chawk)
All
Overall
15
Locations

Area
NOx (
g/m3)
Catego Range
Mean
ry

98%tile

Standar
d

Rural

50.31

80

BDL-52.2 17.48

The overall mean of 24-hourly average values of NOx over the entire area was
17.48 g/m3 while individual arithmetic mean levels computed at the 15 stations
ranged between 7.17 g/m3 (at AQ9, Khapri) and 49.57 g/m3 (at AQ12, Mandir
Hasud).
The 24-hourly average 98-percentile values of NOx (max 52.07 g/m3 at AQ12,
Mandir Hasud) at all the locations were within the prescribed limit of 80 g/m3
stipulated in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for residential, rural &
other areas.
4.9.2.5 Carbon monoxide (CO)
The overall mean of 1-hourly average values of CO over the entire area was 473
g/m3 while individual arithmetic mean levels computed at 8 stations ranged
between 198 g/m3 (at AQ4, Kotrabhata) and 2530 g/m3 (at AQ12, Mandir
Hasud).
The 1-hourly average 98-percentile values of CO (max 2608 g/m3 at AQ12,
Mandir Hasud) at all the locations were within the prescribed limit of 4000 g/m3
stipulated in the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for residential, rural &
other areas.
Summary of CO levels
Statio Station Location
n
Code
AQ1 Chatawana
AQ4 Kotrabhata
AQ5 Rakhi (Bhata Para)

in the study area:

Area
CO (
g/m3)
Catego Range
Mean
ry
Rural
375-480 422
Rural
175-240 198
Rural
11201227

98%tile
476
236
1342

Standar
d
4000
4000
4000

Area
CO (
g/m3)
Catego Range
Mean
ry
1350
Uparwara
Rural
290-345 315
Mandir Hasud
Rural
24002530
2610
Kendri
Rural
980-1210 1080
Rakhi (Patel Para)
Rural
450-610 543
Rakhi
(Bazar Rural
720-830 787
Chawk)
Overall 8 Locations Rural
175
473

Statio Station Location

n
Code

98%tile

Standar
d

AQ10
AQ12

343
2608

4000
4000

1200
608
829

4000
4000
4000

2583

4000

AQ13
AQ14
AQ15
All

Table 4.11: Statistical Analysis of Ambient Air Quality along the Road
(Based on On-site 24-hourly Monitoring Results)
Pollutants AAQMS Location
Description
SPM
AQ1
Chatawana
AQ2
Reiko
(g/m3)
AQ3
Chicha
AQ4
Kotrabhata
AQ5
Rakhi (Bhata Para)
AQ6
Mana
AQ7
Jhangh
AQ8
Nawagaon
AQ9
Khapri
AQ10 Uparwara
AQ11 University Complex
AQ12 Mandir Hasud
AQ13 Kendri
AQ14 Rakhi (Patel Para)
AQ15 Rakhi
(Bazar
Chawk)
All
Overall
15
Locations
RPM
(g/m3)

AQ1
AQ2
AQ3
AQ4
AQ5
AQ6
AQ7

Chatawana
Reiko
Chicha
Kotrabhata
Rakhi (Bhata Para)
Mana
Jhangh

AC Mes Min Max AM

SD

p98

PTV

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

381
333
283
381
452
425
268
289
295
331
412
582
312
470
397

422
381
309
429
457
496
286
306
339
378
435
622
352
495
477

402
356
292
406
454
451
276
297
318
350
422
605
334
482
436

21
24
14
24
3
39
9
9
22
25
12
21
20
13
40

421
379
308
428
457
492
285
305
338
376
434
621
351
494
474

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

45

268 622

392

88

611

100

R
R
R
R
R
R
R

3
3
3
3
3
3
3

169
180
118
191
196
182
139

181
198
131
194
206
208
156

17
25
13
6
10
33
17

199
224
143
200
215
242
172

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

201
226
144
201
215
245
173

Pollutants AAQMS Location

Description
AQ8
Nawagaon
AQ9
Khapri
AQ10 Uparwara
AQ11 University Complex
AQ12 Mandir Hasud
AQ13 Kendri
AQ14 Rakhi (Patel Para)
AQ15 Rakhi
(Bazar
Chawk)
All
Overall
15
Locations
SO2
(g/m3)

AQ1
AQ2
AQ3
AQ4
AQ5
AQ6
AQ7
AQ8
AQ9
AQ10
AQ11
AQ12
AQ13
AQ14
AQ15
All

NOx
(g/m3)

AQ1
AQ2
AQ3
AQ4
AQ5
AQ6
AQ7
AQ8
AQ9
AQ10
AQ11
AQ12

AC Mes Min Max AM

SD

p98

PTV

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

141
163
152
183
195
169
204
169

175
187
191
228
239
197
221
210

153
174
169
206
221
181
211
190

19
12
20
23
23
15
9
21

173
186
189
227
238
196
220
209

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

45

118 245

185

29

240

100

Chatawana
Reiko
Chicha
Kotrabhata
Rakhi (Bhata Para)
Mana
Jhangh
Nawagaon
Khapri
Uparwara
University Complex
Mandir Hasud
Kendri
Rakhi (Patel Para)
Rakhi
(Bazar
Chawk)
Overall
15
Locations

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

7.6
BDL
BDL
BDL
9
7.5
BDL
7.1
BDL
9.3
BDL
27.1
12
BDL
BDL

10.03
3.43
3.43
10.53
9
8
3.37
11.27
29.27
13.83
4.97
3.4

2.45
1.62
1.62
1.55
1.5
0.79
1.5
1.72
2.78
1.72
2.32
1.56

12.35
5.13
5.13
12
10.41
8.58
4.94
12.47
32.15
15.32
6.99
5.04

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

45

BDL 32.4 7.87 7

28.71 0

Chatawana
Reiko
Chicha
Kotrabhata
Rakhi (Bhata Para)
Mana
Jhangh
Nawagaon
Khapri
Uparwara
University Complex
Mandir Hasud

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

30
9.6
BDL
10.1
19.4
16.4
9.6
12.1
BDL
18.4
10.5
46.4

32.91
12.42
9.96
13
22
19.35
12.88
17.33
9.68
22.26
12.94
52.07

12.5
5.3
BDL
5.3
12.1
10.5
BDL
8.6
5.1
12.5
BDL
32.4
15.4
7.1
5.2

33
12.5
10
13.04
22.1
19.5
13
17.4
9.7
22.4
13
52.2

31.5
11.07
7.3
11.81
20.67
17.63
11.2
15.23
7.17
20.3
11.83
49.57

1.5
1.45
4.17
1.53
1.36
1.64
1.71
2.78
4.05
2.01
1.26
2.94

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Pollutants AAQMS Location

Description
AQ13 Kendri
AQ14 Rakhi (Patel Para)
AQ15 Rakhi
(Bazar
Chawk)
All
Overall
15
Locations

AC Mes Min Max AM

CO
(g/m3)

AQ1
AQ4
AQ5
AQ10
AQ12
AQ13
AQ14
AQ15
All

AMS
AC
Mes
AM
SD
p98
PTV

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

Chatawana
Kotrabhata
Rakhi (Bhata Para)
Uparwara
Mandir Hasud
Kendri
Rakhi (Patel Para)
Rakhi
(Bazar
Chawk)
Overall
8
Locations

SD

p98

PTV

R
R
R

3
3
3

18.5 22.5 20.37 2.01 22.36 0

11.1 14.1 12.57 1.5 14
0
12.4 16.4 13.97 2.14 16.2 0

45

BDL 52.2 17.48 10.77 50.31 0

R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

375
175
1120
290
2400
980
450
720

24

175 2610 473

480
240
1350
345
2610
1210
610
830

422
198
1227
315
2530
1080
543
787

53
36
116
28
114
118
83
59

476
236
1342
343
2608
1200
608
829

690

2583 0

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Station Code,

Area Category (I-Industrial, R-Residential & Rural)
Number of Measurements,
Arithmetic Mean
Standard Deviation
98-Percentile Value
Percent time violation with respect to the standard

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

SPM
700

24 Hourly Level ( g/m )

650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200

Standard

150
100
50

Max

15
A

14

13
A

12

11
A

10
Q
A

8
Q

7
A

Q
A

4
A

Min

2
A

Q
A

Monitoring Stations

RPM
250

200
175
150
125
100

Standard

75
50
25

Min

Max

15

14
Q

13
A

Q
A

12

11
Q

10
A

Q
A

8
A

7
Q

6
A

5
A

4
A

3
A

2
Q
A

0
A

24 Hourly Level (

g/m )

225

Monitoring Stations

Figure 4.3: Monitoring Station wise variation of SPM & RPM

SO2
100

24 Hourly Level ( g/m )

90
80

Standard

70
60
50
40
30
20
10

14

13

12

11

15
A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

10

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

Max

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

Min

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

Monitoring Stations

NOx
100

80

Standard

70
60
50
40
30
20
10

Min

14

13

12

11

15
A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

10

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

Max

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

A
Q

24 Hourly Level ( g/m )

90

Monitoring Stations

Figure 4.4: Monitoring Station wise variation of SO2 & NOX

Air quality of the proposed Naya Raipur will be affected both during construction
phase and operation phase of the project. During construction, SPM level will go
high and after construction the concentration of NOx, CO and SO2 level will go
high mainly due to vehicular emission.

4.10

AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL

4.10.1Noise Monitoring Stations

The background noise levels in the study area at total of 17 locations mostly
within the study area (as indicated in Table-4.12) is reported. These locations
were selected for measurement of present status of ambient noise levels,
covering commercial and residential areas as well as silence zones. The stations
were selected judiciously based on following considerations:

Obstruction free exposure of equipment

Away from temporary noise generating sources to monitor true

background levels

Accessibility of the location during day and night

Security and safety of the instrument
Table 4.12: Details of Noise Monitoring Stations
Sl. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Location Code
NQ1
NQ2
NQ3
NQ4
NQ5
NQ6
NQ7

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

NQ8
NQ9
NQ10
NQ11
NQ12
NQ13

Location
Village Chatawna
Village Reiko
Village Chicha
Village Kotrabhata
Village Rakhi
Village Mana
Mana Colony, Nearest
Airport
Village Jhangh
Village Nawagaon
Village Khapri
Village Uparwara
University Complex
Mandir Hasaud

point

from

14.
15.
16.
17.

NQ14
NQ15
NQ16
NQ17

Village Kendri
Village Rakhi, Patel Para
Village Rakhi, Bazar Chawak
Raipur City

4.10.2 Methodology of Noise Monitoring

Ambient noise level or sound pressure levels (SPL) were measured by a portable
sound level meter having built in facilities to read noise level directly in dB(A).
Since loudness of sound is important for its effects on people, the dependence of
loudness upon frequency is taken into account by the A-weighting filters in-built
in the noise meter which gives a direct reading of approximate loudness. Aweighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) values were computed
from the values of A-weighted SPL measured with the help of noise meter. Noise
measurement was conducted as per IS:4954 as adopted by CPCB.
Ambient noise level monitoring was carried out during the month of January 2007.
At each location, noise monitoring was conducted continuously over a period of
twenty-four hours to obtain Leq values at uniform time intervals of 1 hour. In each
hourly time interval Leq values have been computed from SPL readings taken at
uniform time intervals of five minutes using the following formula:

L eq

1
= 10 log
n

where,

n
SPLi =

10

SPL
10

i =1

=
number of equal time intervals
SPL value of the ith time interval.

For each location, day and night time L eq values have then been computed from
the hourly Leq values such that comparison could be made with the national
ambient noise standards.

Day time Leq has been computed from the hourly Leq values between 6.00 a.m.
and 10.00 p.m. and night time Leq from the hourly Leq values between 10.00 p.m.
and 6.00 a.m. using the following formula ;
:
L eq day

1
= 10 log
16

where,

Li

16

10

10

L eq night

i=1

1
= 10 log
8

10

Li
10

i =1

Li = Leq value of the ith hourly time interval.

4.10.3 Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area

Table 4.13 Ambient Noise Levels along the Project Corridor
(Based on On-site Noise Monitoring during January 2007)
Location
Area Leq dB(A) L dB(A)
Cat
Day Nigh Lmin Lmax
t
NQ1
Village Chatawna
R
55.54 27.36 17.43 61.11
NQ2
Village Reiko
R
54.03 43.42 25.56 59.82
NQ3
Village Chicha
R
56.25 40.18 18.20 62.66
NQ4
Village Kotrabhata
R
53.54 42.50 19.79 59.76
NQ5
Village Rakhi
R
55.76 43.64 19.97 62.34
NQ6
Village Mana
R
64.42 45.19 20.14 71.00
NQ7
Mana Colony, Nearest point from R
74.24 43.83 20.01 85.90
Airport
NQ8
Village Jhangh
R
58.84 45.13 28.32 65.06
NQ9
Village Nawagaon
R
59.31 42.85 22.62 66.52
NQ10 Village Khapri
R
55.23 43.29 28.42 61.37
NQ11 Village Uparwara
R
56.93 40.06 27.23 61.75
NQ12 University Complex
R
53.64 40.99 25.70 60.49
NQ13 Mandir Hasaud
R
64.82 42.55 28.56 74.55
NQ14 Village Kendri
R
67.85 43.56 27.35 73.87
NQ15 Village Rakhi, Patel Para
R
50.84 37.67 27.91 55.25
NQ16 Village Rakhi, Bazar Chawak
R
54.13 41.18 23.80 59.78
NQ17 Raipur City
C
69.56 52.81 28.58 75.76
Area category:
I-Industrial, C-Commercial,
R-Residential,
SSilence zone
Day time: 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.
Night time: 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.
Locn.
Code

The summarized noise level data, so generated, are presented in Table-4.13.

Ambient air quality standards in respect of noise are reproduced in Annexure-1.

The detailed on-site noise level monitoring results corresponding to noise

monitoring stations NQ1 to NQ17 are presented in Table-A.5.1 and hourly Leq
value in different monitoring stations are presented in Table-A.5.2 in Annexure-5.
Day time equivalent noise level in the study area varied between 50.84 74.24
dB(A). Correspondingly, the night time equivalent noise level ranged between
27.36 52.81 dB(A). As far as instantaneous noise level is concerned, the
maximum (85.90 dB(A)) was observed at Mana colony (NQ7 close to the Airport)
in day time and the minimum (17.43 dB(A)) at Chatawana Village.
It was observed that the during the day time, ambient noise scenario in
residential & commercial areas within the study area, in general, exceeded the
acceptable limits. Where as night time noise level, in most of the cases are found
within the acceptable limit. Station wise variation of day time & night time Leq
value has been pictorially shown in Figure-4.5.

80
70

Standards
Day Time

L eq dB[A]

60
50

Night Time
40
30
20
10

Day

Night

17
Q

16
N

NQ

14

15
NQ

NQ

13

11

12

NQ

NQ

10

NQ

NQ

NQ

8
NQ

Q
N

6
NQ

NQ

3
N

NQ

2
NQ

NQ

Monitoring Stations

Figure 4.5: Monitoring Station wise variation of Day Time & Night Time Leq
Value

The noise level of Naya Raipur may be affected by nearby airport and high level
of traffic. This may be dealt in integrated traffic and environmental management
plan for Naya Raipur.

4.11 Industrial Pollution

4.11.1 Steel Industry
Iron and Steel is one of the largest sectors of industries in Region. The
production of steel causes water, air and noise pollution and generation of solid
wastes including hazardous waste. The CPCB standards for emission from iron
and steel industry is listed below in table 4.14-4.16.

Table 4.14 : Integrated Iron and Steel Plant: Emission Standards

Pollutant

Source

Emission limit

Particulate

A. Sintering plant

150 mg/Nm3

Matter

B. Steel making
i) during normal

150 mg/Nm3

operation
ii) during oxygen lancing 400 mg/Nm3

Carbon

C. Rolling mill

150 mg/Nm3

D. Coke-oven

3 kg/tonne of coke

Monoxide

produced

Table 4.15: Integrated Iron and Steel Plant: Emission Standards

Source

Parameter

Emission limit
(mg/Nm3)

(a) Coke oven

Particulate Matter

50

(b) Refractory material

Particulate Matter

150

plant

Table 4.16: Integrated Iron and Steel Plant: Wastewater Discharge

Standards
.

Parameter

Concentration in mg/l
except pH (Not to exceed)

1. Cokeoven

pH

6.0 to 8.5

by product

Suspended solids

100

plant

Phenol

Cyanide

0.2
0c

BOD, 3 days at 27

30

COD

250

Ammonical Nitrogen

50

Oil & grease

10

2. Other plants

pH

6.0 to 9.0

such as

Suspended solids

100

sintering plant,

Oil & grease

10

blast furnace,
steel melting
furnace

The main units of steel industry causing pollution are coke oven and by-product
plant, steel melting shop, sintering plant, blast furnace, refractory material plant
and captive thermal power plant. The measures to control the pollution is given in
table 4.17..

Table 4.17: The Existing Pollution Control Systems and the Needs
Technologies/Current Practices
Coke Oven

Requirements

Land based pushing and

In coke ovens the volatile materials

charging emission control

released during cooking flows from the

with dust extraction

oven to the by-product plants where

system

ammonia, benzol, xylene, toluene, tar,

pitch and tar acids are recovered. The

operations are associated with fugitive

operations

and stack emissions. The PAH

compounds released during cooking

Automation for process

Self sealing air cooled
doors

Possibility of coke dry

operation as fugitive emissions are

quenching needs to be

carcinogenic in nature. The

tried out

technologies available to control the

Effluent treatment plant to treat

pollution are

cyanide, phenol, ammonia, COD

HPLA system

Hydraulic door and door frame

etc.

Hazardous waste (tar

cleaner

sludge and ETP sludge)

Doors with double knife edge

handling and disposal

and rope sealing

following Hazardous

Water sealed AP caps

Waste Handling, Rules;

Screw feeder

or, tar sludge / ETP

sludge charging along

with the coal fines in the
coke ovens
Sintering Plant

ESP / bag filters with

ESP / bag filter / wet scrubber

higher efficiency of

for process emissions

removal for process

ESP / bag filter / wet scrubber

emissions.

for work zone environment

Technologies/Current Practices
Thermal Power Plant

ESP for the emissions

Steel Melting Shop

Requirements
Proper management and
utilisation of fly ash

Proper operation and

ESP/ bag filter wet scrubber for

maintenance of air

the process emissions

emission control and

Effluent treatment comprising

effluent treatment

settling unit and re-circulation

systems.

system for the treated effluent

Blast Furnace

Proper operation and

ESP / bag filter / wet scrubber

maintenance of ESP /

for air emissions

bag filter / wet scrubber

for air emissions

Lime / dolomite plant

BF slag utilisation

Effective operation and

ESP bag filter / multiclones for

maintenance of ESP /

process and work zone dust

bag filter / multiclones for

emissions

process and work zone

dust emissions

Mills

Oil & Grease traps and settling

settling tanks for

tanks for waste water treatment

wastewater treatment

Raw material handling units

API separators and

Improvements in the

Enclosures and water sprinkling

systems for controlling

system

fugitive emissions.

Source: http://cpcb.delhi.nic.in/

4.11.2 Cement Industries

Cement industry is one of the 18 most polluting industries identified by CPCB. It
entailed the handling of huge volumes of dry powdered materials like limestone,
laterite, bauxite, hematite, gypsum, flyash, etc. This had led to the aggravation of
the problem of environment with its impact not only on the employees working in
the plant but also the community in the neighbourhood of 5-10 km radius. There
are many cement industry located in the region due to presence of limestone.
Limestone mines are captive for cement plants.
Most common measures in cement plants are installing electro static
precipitators (ESP's) and fabric filters or filter bags which have a significant
positive effect. Due attention should be given to the maintenance of equipment
and this helps in controlling the pollution due to exhaust fumes in the different
equipment. In addition, innovations like surface miners and electronic packing
system have made their own contribution to reduce dust. Regular dust control
measures also to be implemented in mines.
Accordingly, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has laid down the
following ambient air quality standards (table 4.18 and 4.19) for gaseous
emission concentrations and Suspended Particulate Material (SPM).
monitoring requirements of a cement industry is given in table 4.20.

Table 4.18: The Ambient Air Quality Standards

Area Category

A: Industrial and

Concentration in g/Nm3 air

SPM

SO2

CO

NOx

500

120

5000

120

200

80

2000

80

100

30

1000

30

Mixed
B: Residential and
Rural
C: Sensitive

The

Table 4.19: The emission levels of SPM from Cement Plant Stacks
Plant Capacity,

Upper Limit of SPM mg/Nm3

Tonnes Per Day

Protected Area

Others

< 200

250

400

> 200

150

250

Note:
(1)

The Central and the State pollution control boards may fix stringent

standards not exceeding 250 mg/Nm3 for smaller plants and 150 mg/Nm3 for
larger plant the industry is located in an area which, in their opinion, requires
more stringent standards.
(2)

Where continuous monitoring equipments are provided on dust emission

lines the integrated average values over a period, to be fixed by the central and
state boards but not exceeding 72 hours shall be considered instead of
momentary dust emission value conformity to standards.

Table 4.20: Monitoring Requirements for Cement Industry

Plant capacity,

Ambient Air

Frequency of Source

Tonnes Per Day

Quality

Emission Monitoring

Not required

Once in 8 weeks

2 stations

Once in 4 weeks

3 stations

Once in 2 weeks

4 stations

Once in a week

Less than 100,000

and including mini
cement plants
100,000 up
to 300,000
300,000 up
to 600,000
600,000 and above

4.11.3 Mining
Due to availability of the krastic limestone (environmentally sensitive to pollution),
indiscriminate mining activity and indiscriminate cutting of land is there. The
mining regulations are poor; and cement industry is not investing in mine
management. Mine excavation and mining waste dumping also result in loss of
land. Run-off from mine dumps from the top organic productive soil affects
microbial population and affecting nitrogen fixation. The regulations on the
location of mines are so poorly implemented that many mines are located close
to reserve forests resulting in depletion of forest cover. Mines have breached
groundwater table and led to acute water scarcity in some places.

4.12 Regional Linkages

The road network is the most important development determinant of an any
upcoming economy of the region. The Raipur Region is well located and
transverse with many roads of national importance such as The Great Eastern
Road (Bombay Kolkata), and Raipur-Dhamtari-Vizag. Besides these, it is also
connected by air links with major city of the Country.
4.12.1 Road Network
The region is well connected by national highways (NH-6, NH-43 and NH-200)
and three state highways (SH-2, 7 and 9). All the important towns of the Region
like Bhilai (25 km), Durg (41 km), Jagadalpur (297 Km), Rajnandgaon (70 km),
Bilaspur (115 km) Jabalpur (369 km) and Bhopal (712 km) are connected with
Raipur by Road. Naya Raipur City is connected through NH-43 near Bhatgaon
and NH-6 at Nawagaon village.
4.12.1.1 National Highways:
NH-6 connects the region with major cities of Nagpur on the west, Nasik and
Mumbai through NH-2 after Dhule, on the east it connects Sambalpur and leads
to Kolkata. The total length NH-6 in the Region is 79 km. Out of which Raipur-

Tumgaon section is 40 km and Raipur Durg Section is 39 km. The stretch of NH6 between Raipur and Durg handles major volume of traffic because of the
tremendous interdependence and interaction of the industrial towns of Bhilai,
Durg and Borai industrial growth centre and Raipur.

NH 200 connects Raipur with Bilaspur, the stretch of NH-200 lying within the
concerned region has potential mining belt on sides, cement plants and the two
industrial growth centers of Urla and Siltara in its vicinity, thus, there is heavy
volume of traffic on this route.
NH 43 connects Raipur with Koraput and Bheemunipatnam on the southeast and
further to Vishakhapatnam through NH-5. This road links the concerned region
with the port city of Visakhapatnam. Thus, this is a major road handling goods
traffic to and from Bhilai and Raipur to Visakhapatnam. The total length of the
NH-43 is 81.6 km.

There are three State highways passing through the region. SH 2 in the region
links Tilda with Raipur and Abhanpur. SH 7 in the region links Durg with Dhamda
and SH 9 connect Raipur with Arang tehsil and goes to Baloda Bazaar.
4.12.2 Railways
Railways form a very important aspect of the transportation network in the region
as well as in the State. It helps to transport a large quantity of minerals within and
outside of the state. The railway network in the state is operated by the south
Eastern Railway Headquarters in Bilaspur.
The region has very good network of railways. The special characteristics are
that all the railway lines runs almost parallel to the NH and SH. Raipur lies on the
Bilaspur-Durg section of the Mumbai-Howrah broadguage line of South-Eastern
Railways. The main Mumbai Howrah railway line passes through the region.
The other railway lines are from Raipur to Bilaspur and Raipur to Visakhapatnam.
The railway lines and station provide facility for mass communication and goods
transportation over the region. The available railway line in the region is as
follows:

Towards Mumbai / Nagpur

Towards Dhamtari
Towards Waltair/ Visakhapatnam
Towards Bilaspur
The branch to Rajim

4.12.3 Airways
There are three airports in the region. Out of these, Mana is public, which is
around 13 km from the city of Raipur in the South East. This airport has limited
facility and flights are mostly to Delhi and Mumbai. The small airports near Tilda
and Jamul are private.

Chapter 5
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

5.1 Forest and Vegetation

The proposed capitol complex and road construction is located in plain rural
areas, where the agricultural ecosystem predominates in the regional ecological
structure. Surface vegetation is mainly social forestry plantations, crops are
common species, and natural vegetation is mostly grass. The region has three
reserved forests namely Bilari, Bilari Ghugat and Khaudabari, but these forests
are now degraded . There are some protected forests in the region.

A few

patches of dense forest are also observed close to Tilda. Further, social forestry
plantations are present throughout the Region wherein Eucalyptus and other
local species like Neem, Mahua and Sisham are observed. Other tree species
found in the Region consist of Peepal, Banyan and Mango trees, particularly
along tank bunds. Acacia species are seen principally in the agricultural fields
and in the upland stretches.
Important species are Sal (Shorea robusta), Teak (Tectora grandis), Saj
(Terminatia tomantosa), Kauha (T. arjuna), Bahera (T. belerica), Harra (T.
chebula), Dhaura (Anogeisss Latifolia), Lendia (Lagerstroemia peruiflora), Tinsa
(Ougeinia dalbergioides), Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Satinwood Bhira
(Chloroxylon Swietenia), Shisham (Dalbergia Latifolia), Kamar (Gmehina
arborea), Kusum (Schleichera Trijuga), Aonla (Phyllanthus Emblica), Dhanbohar
(Casia Fistula), Salai (Boswellia Serrata), Semar (Bombox Malabasicum), Babul
(Acncia Arabica), Khair (Acacia Catechu), Kaith (Feronia Elephantum), Gular
(Ficus Glomerata), Bar (Ficus Bengalensis), Pipal (Ficus Religiosa), Gasti (Ficus
Infectoria).

Biological variety in the project area is average, and the ecosystem composition
is relatively simple. According to investigation results, there is no natural reserve
in the project area, so the project will not cause any impact to this effect.
Investigation results suggest that both fauna and flora in the range of 10 km on
both sides of the project area are common species, which generally do not
require demanding eco-environmental conditions. Neither rare and endangered
species nor national protection species is found in the project area.

5.2 FLORA & FAUNA

The ecological study was carried out to find out baseline status of flora & fauna
with respect to the terrestrial & aquatic ecosystems. Information has been
collected

through

field

survey supplemented

by secondary data

from

Government Organizations like Forest Department. The list of flora & fauna of the
study area are presented in Table-5.1 and Table-5.2.

Table 5.1: List of Flora of the Study Area

Sl. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Local Name
Arjun
Aam
Imli
Kala Siris
Safad Siris
Kumbhi
Khair
Gular
Jamun
Tendu
Nilgiri
Neem
Pipal
Bel
Mahua

Scientific Name
Terminalia arjuna
Mangifera indica
Tamarindus indica
Albizzia lebbek
Albizzia procera
Careya arborea
Acacia catechu
Ficus glomerata
Syzygium cumini
Diospyros melanoxylon
Eucalyptus sp
Azadirachta indica
Ficus religiosa
Aegle marsupium
Madhuca indica

Sl. No.
16.
17.
18.
19.

Local Name
Shisham
Sagun
Saja
Dhaba

Scientific Name
Dalbergia latifolia
Tactona grandis
Terminalia tomentosa
Anogeissus latifolia

Table 5.2: List of Fauna of the Study Area

Sl. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Common Name
Common Langur
Musk-Shrew
Short Nosed Fruit Bat
Common Jungle Cat
Striped Hyena
Common Mongoose
Indian Fox
Wild Dog
Common Five Striped Squirrel
Bandicoot Rat
Common House Rat
Common Indian Here

Scientific Name
Presbytis entellus
Suncus murinus
Cynopterus sphinx
Felis chaus
Hyaena hyaena
Herpestes edwardsi
Vulpes bengalensis
Cuon alpinus
Funambulus pennanti
Bandicota bengalensis
Rattus rattus
Lepus nigricollis

Chapter -

SOCIOECONOMIC DESCRIPTION

SOCIOECONOMIC DESCRIPTION

As per 2001 Census, the total population of Chhattisgarh is 20.83 million. The
state of Chhattisgarh has registered a population growth rate of 15.5% during
1991-2001, as compared to the average all India growth rate of 17.7% during the
same period. Naya Raipur city is planned for a population of about 5.4 lakh in
2031. This new city would attract population from Raipur, the adjoining region
and to some extent other parts of India..
The presence of industrial growth centers (industrial, economic activity centre) on
the northern and the western side of the delineated region would acts as an
economic catalyst for the overall development of the new Capital City Region.
The following industries in the vicinity are bound to play a role in the progress of
the Region and the State as a whole.

Cement plants (such as ACC and Century) on the northern and western
side of Raipur city.
The Bhilai steel plant on the western side.
The mining site on the northern side of NH-6.

This chapter deals with population growth, rural-urban composition of population,

population characteristics and its projections for the year 2031. It also deals with
the existing settlement pattern of the region and suggests a proposed settlement
hierarchy.

6.1

Population Growth: State Level

As per 2001 Census, the total population of Chhattisgarh is 20.83 million. The
state of Chhattisgarh has registered low rate of population growth i.e. 15.5
percent during 1991-2001, compared to average all India growth rate of 17.7
percent during the same period.

Table 6.1: Population Growth in India and Chhattisgarh

India
Growth Rate
(in Million) (%)
1901
238.3
1911
252.09
5.8
1921
251.32
-0.3
1931
278.97
11.0
1941
318.66
14.2
1951
361.08
13.3
1961
439.23
21.6
1971
548.15
24.8
1981
683.32
24.7
1991
846.30
23.9
2001
1028.61
17.7
Source: Census of India, 2001

Year

6.2

Chhattisgarh
(in Million)
4.18
5.19
5.26
6.02
6.81
7.45
9.15
11.63
14.01
17.61
20.83

Growth Rate
(%)
24.2
1.3
14.4
13.1
9.4
22.8
27.1
20.5
25.7
15.5

Population Growth of Raipur Region

6.2.1 Area, Population and Density

The Raipur Region is comprises 8 tehsil Raipur, Arang, Abhanpur and Tilda in
Raipur District and part of Durg, Dhamdha, Berla and Patan in Durg District. The
total area of the Raipur Region is 5155.76 sq. km with a total population of
3,060,485 in 2001. It is 14.69 percent of the states population.
As per 2001 census, the total population of the Raipur Sub-Region is 1,521,560
while the total population of the Durg Sub-Region is 1,538,925. Raipur tehsil has
maximum population followed by Durg since these the most industrially
developed areas not only in the region but also in the state. Minimum population
is in Berla tehsil which has no urban population.
As per the 2001 census, the average density of the region is 593 persons per sq.
km. The population density in Raipur Sub-Region was 524 persons per Sq.km
and Durg Sub-District was 682 persons per Sq. km. The highest density pattern

is in Durg Tehsil (1655 persons per sq, km) followed by Raipur Tehsil (1016
persons per Sq. km). The lowest density is in Berla.

Table 6.2: Tehsil Wise Area, Population and Density, 2001

Teshsil

Area (In
Sq. Km)

Raipur

888.81

Arang

649.24

Abhanpu
r

629.63

Tilda

732.7

Raipur
SubRegion
Raipur
Region

Popula
tion
903,24
2
243,07
4
197,66
1
177,58
3

Density
Person /
sq.km

Tehsil

Area
(In Sq.
Km)

1016.24

Durg

626

374.40

Patan

622.78

313.93

Berla

623.73

242.37

2900.38

1,521,5
60

524.61

5155.76

3,060,4
85

593.61

Dhamd
a
Durg
SubRegion

382.62
2255.3
8

Source: Census of India, 2001

Map 6.1 Population Density

6. 2.2 Population Growth

Popul
ation
1,036,
537
194,52
2
137,46
9
170,39
7
1,538,
925

Density
Person/
sq.km
1655.13
312.34
220.40
445.35
682.33

The overall decadal population growth in 1991 - 2001 in the region is 33.94
percent. Due to the formation of the new state, Raipur Sub-Region has witnessed
higher increase in population growth than Durg Sub-Region. The highest
population growth is in Raipur tehsil.
Table 6.3: Population Growth, 2001
Growth
Populat Populati
Popul Popul
Rate
Teshsil
ion,
on,
Tehsil ation, ation,
(19911991
2001
1991
2001
2001)
Raipur SUB-REGION
durg SUB-REGION
609,70
48.14
728,3 1,036
Raipur
903,242
Durg
5
%
38
,537
203,63
19.37
182,7 194,5
Arang
243,074
Patan
%
49
22
8
Abhanp 136,13
45.19
123,3 137,4
197,661
Berla
ur
8
%
93
69
163,00
Dham 138,0 170,3
Tilda
177,583 8.95 %
1
da
82
97
Durg
1,112,4 1,521,5 36.77
1,172, 1,538
Raipur
Sub82
60
%
Regio 562
,925
SubRegion
n
Raipur
2,285,0 3,060,4 33.94
Region
44
85
%

Growth
Rate
(19912001)
42.32
%
6.44 %
11.41
%
23.40
%
31.24
%

Source: Census of India, 2001

6.3

Rural - Urban Composition

Broadly, the degree of urbanization can be defined as the percentage of

population living in the urban areas. The pace of urbanization in Chhattisgarh in
terms of percentage of urban population to total population has increased from
17.4 percent in 1991 to 20.1 percent in 2001, which is low in comparison with the
all India average of 25.7 percent and 27.8 percent respectively.
The Raipur, Durg and its agglomeration share almost 53 percent of the total
population of the region. Raipur is the main city in the region. Raipur and Durg
Districts are highly urbanised districts compared to other areas in the State. The

Map 4.2 Growth Rate (1991-2001)

urban population composition of the region shows that the Durg Tehsil has the
maximum urban population.
According to 2001 census, Raipur Urban Agglomeration has a population of
699,264. Besides the Raipur Municipal Corporation, Raipur the Urban
Agglomeration includes 12 outgrowths and two census towns. There is another
major urban agglomeration in the area, Durg-Bhilai Urban Agglomeration, which
are steel-industry-based cities. Apart from Durg and Bhilai, it also includes Jamul
and Kumhari. The total population is 923,559 (2001).
According to the 2001 census, the rural population composition of the region
shows that the Arang Tehsil has the maximum rural population. It is followed by
Abhanpur Tehsil. However, in Berla the total population is rural.
Table 6.4: Rural - Urban Population
Tehsil
Raipur
Arang
Abhanpur
Tilda
Raipur
SubRegion
Raipur
Region

Population, 2001
Urban
Rural
754,147
(83)
16,629
(7)
25,591
(13)
26,909
(15)
823,276
(54)
1,778,671
(58)

149,095
(17)
226,445
(93)
172,070
(87)
150,674
(85)
698,284
(46)
1,490,148
(42)

Tehsil
Durg
Patan
Berla
Dhamda
durg
SubRegion

Population, 2001
Urban
Rural
813,191
(85)
94,306
(34)

138,492
(15)
185,710
(66)
137,949
(100)
47,306 121,922
(28)
(72)
955,395 583,530
(62)
(38)

Figures in bracket indicates the percentage to the total population

Source: Census of India, 2001

Map 6.2 : Rural Urban Composition

According to 2001 census, the urban population of Raipur Sub-Region within the
Raipur region comprises 89.72 percent of the total urban population of the district
while for the Durg Sub- Region within the Durg district it is around 89.1 percent.
The total urban population of the region is 1,778,671 in 2001.

Table 6.5: Urban Population of Broad Region over Decades

Urban Areas Within Broad
Region
Within Raipur District
Raipur (MC & OG) / UA
Tilda Newra (M)
Arang (N)
Gobranawapara (M0
Bhanpuri (CT)
Mowa (CT)
Banarsi (CT)
Gogaon (CT)
Within Durg District
Durg (MC + OG)
Bhilai (MC+ OG)
Ahiwara (M)

1971

1981

1991

2001

205986 338245
10074 15089
11,336
16,427

459982
20578
14257
21,003

699,264
26909
16,593
25,604
16,365
13,706
10,653
10,456

70754 118597
171544 291471
10667 16643

166932
395360
18702

232,517
556,366
18,744

Urban Areas Within Broad

1971
1981
Region
Kumhari (NM)
9181
Patan (M)
Charoda
22328
Jamul
10969
Source: Census of India

1991

2001

13123
7142
24437
15913

29,737
8,812
87,170
21,633

Table 6.6: Decadal Population of Raipur and Durg-Bhilai City

Year

1901
1911
1921
1931
1941
1951
1961
1971
1981
1991
2001

Raipur (MC + O. G.)

Durg-Bhilai
Populatio
Population Growth Rate
Growth
n
(In Lakhs) (%)
Rate (%)
(In Lakhs)
0.32
0.35
9.37
0.07
0.38
8.57
0.11
57.14
0.45
18.42
0.13
18.18
0.63
40
0.17
30.77
0.89
41.27
0.2
17.65
1.39
56.18
1.33
565.00
2.06
48.2
2.45
84.21
3.38
64.08
4.05
65.31
4.61
36.39
5.62
38.77
6.69
45.12
7.88
40.21

Source: Census of India

The above table shows the trend of population growth between the years 1901 to
2001. The decadal growth of Raipur City increased from 36.39 percent in 1981
91 to 45.12 percent during 1991-2001.

6.4

Literacy

The overall literacy rate in the Raipur Region is 71.7 percent, which is higher
than the State average of 65.12 percent. The literacy level was 59 percent in
1991. Raipur and Durg Tehsil have almost same level literacy (76.6 percent and
76.1 percent respectively). These are the most developed areas in the state.
Table 6.7: Tehsil wise Literacy, 2001

Sl.
No
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Tehsil

Literacy in %

Arang
Tilda
Abhanpur
Raipur
Berla
Dhamda
Durg
Patan
Region

66.3
67.9
69.5
76.6
68.3
67.9
81.2
76.1
71.7

Source: Census of India, 2001

6.5 Population Projection of the Raipur Region

The future population of the broad region will comprises two components The
population of the Naya Raipur (A), population of the peripheral area (B) and the
population of the Raipur Region (C). This Chapter deals with the component (C)
in details. However a brief extract of the component (A) and (B) are as follows:
6.5.1 Population of Naya Raipur (A)
The Naya Raipur has an assigned design population as follows:
Table 6.8 Future Population of Naya Raipur over the Decades
Year
Population (A)
2011
1.4 lakhs
2021
3.4 lakhs
2031
5.4 Lakhs
Source: Consultants Development Phasing of Naya Raipur

6.5.2 Population Projection of Peripheral Area to the New Town (B)

The projected population of the Peripheral Region is as follows:
Table 6.9 Projected Population of Peripheral Region

Year
Population
1971
9,906
1981
56,538
1991
71,139
2001
87,791
2011
108,341
2021
133,701
2031
164,997
Source: Consultants Development Phasing of Naya Raipur
6.5.3 Population Projection of the Raipur Region (C)
Census of India has worked out population projections for various states in India
up to the year 2026. For Chhattisgarh the projection is as under:

Table 6.10 Future Population of Chhattisgarh

Year
Population ( In Million)
1971
11,637,494
1981
14,010,337
1991
17,614,928
2001
20,833,803
2011
24,258,000
2021
27,337,000
2026
28,591,000
2031*
30,962,404
*Projected by the Consultant Source: Census of India
The above estimates by Census has been extended to the year 2031 by the
consultants.

Table 6.11 Future Population of the Region

Year

Population of the Region

1991
2001

2,285,044
3,060,485

% of Regions Population to
Total Population of the State
12.97 %
14.69 %

2011
4,099,076
16.90 %
2021
5,490,117
20.08 %
2031
7,353,216
23.75 %
Source: Census of India and Consultants Projection
The population of the region has been worked out based on the CAGR of 1991 to
2001 population. The percentage share of the regions population to the total
population of the state will increase from 12.97 percent in 1991 to 22.75 percent
in 2031. Based on this growth rate, the future compositions of population are as
follows:
Fig 6.1: Composition of Population in the Region WRT Chhattisgarh
COMPOSITION OF POPULATION IN THE REGION WRT
CHHATTISGARH

350.00

309.62

300.00
273.37

Population in Lakhs

250.00

242.58
208.34

200.00
176.15

150.00
100.00
73.53
54.90

50.00

40.99

30.69

22.85

1991

2001

2011

Years

2021

Chattisgarh

2031

Region Population

6.5.4 Rural Urban Composition of the Projected Population of the Region

The rural urban population for the region has been given in Table 4.12. This
has been worked out considering the total population in Table 4.11. The rural
population increases at its present growth rate up to the year 2031.

Table 6.12 Rural Urban Population Composition of the Region

Year
1991
2001

Rural
1,137,007
1,281,814

Urban
1,148,037
1,778,671

Urban
Percentage
50.24 %
58.12 %

2011
1,445,063
2,654,013
2021
1,629,104
3,861,013
2031
1,836,583
5,516,633
Source: Census of India and Consultants Projection

64.75 %
70.33 %
75.02 %

Fig 6.2 : Composition of Rural-Urban Population in the Region

COMPOSITION OF RURAL - URBAN POPULATION IN THE
REGION
60
55.17

Population in Lakhs

50
40

38.61

30
26.54

20
10

17.79
12.27
11.37

12.82

18.37

16.29

14.45

0
1991

2001

Ye ars

2011

2021

Rural

203 1

Urban

6.5.5 Population Projection of Urban Areas in the Region

The urban population has been divided into three categories: Raipur Urban
Agglomeration, Durg Bhilai Urban Agglomeration and other urban areas in
region. As per 2001 census the population in these categories are as follows:
Table 6.13 Urban Population Composition of the Region
Urban Areas

2001

Raipur UA
Durg Bhilai UA
Other Urban
Areas
TOTAL

699,264
923,559
164,425
1,787,248

Percentage to the Total

Population
22.85 %
30.18 %
5.09 %
58.12 %

It is proposed to maintain the present balance in the urban components in the

region through keeping the same proportion by a balanced regional development.
Thus, the projected population of the three components are worked out as
follows:

Table 6.14: The Population Projetion of Urban Areas

Urban Areas
Raipur UA

2001

2011

2021

1,043,395 1,517,913
699,264
Durg Bhilai
UA
923,559
1,378,073 2,004,796
Other Urban
Areas
232,546
164,425
338,304
TOTAL
1,787,248
2,654,013 3,861,013
Source: Census of India and Consultants Projection

2031
2,168,801
2,864,462
483,370
5,516,633

The total urban population of the region in 2031 will be 55.16 lakhs.
Population Component of Naya Raipur
Naya Raipur would be taking functions from the Raipur city and also would have
impact in the region. Being a special intensive activity in the new town it may also
attract population from other parts of Chhattisgarh and also from other states in
India. The population of Naya Raipur would affect the population projection in
Raipur and Durg Bhilai Urban Agglomeration. The population of Naya Raipur
will increase from 160,000 to 480,000 in 2011 to 2031 (Refer Table 6.16).

Table 6.15: The Population Projection of Naya Raipur

Total Population

2011
140,000

Additional Population
1. Natural Growth of the
Existing
Population
Additional Population
deducting Natural Growth
2. Population from Raipur UA 40 %
56,000
3. Population from Durg30 %
Bhilai UA
42,000
4. Population from Other
20 %
Areas of State
28,000

2021
340,000
200,000

2031
540,000
200,000

22,400

40,800

177,600

159,200

71,040

63,680

53,280

47,760

35,520

31,840

5. Other Parts of India

10 %
14,000
17,760
Source: Census of India and Consultants Projection

15,920

The population in Naya Raipur, which comes from Raipur UA and Durg-Bhilai UA,
is deducted from the population in these urban areas. Thus, the total urban
population in 2031 will be 59.23 lakhs.
Table 6.16 The Population Projection of Urban Areas after allocation to
Naya Raipur
URBAN AREAS
2001
2011
2021
Raipur UA
670,042 987,395
1,446,873
Durg Bhilai UA
923,559 1,336,073 1,951,516
Naya Raipur
29,524*
140,000
340,000
Other Urban Areas 159,273 232,546
338,304
TOTAL URBAN
1,752,874 2,696,013 4,076,693
* Population of the existing villages
Source: Census of India and Consultants Projection

6.6

2031
2,105,121
2,816,702
540,000
483,370
5,945,193

Distribution of Settlement

The distribution of settlements over the region is manifestation of a host of

several factors, which include accessibility, potentiality of agriculture land,
nearness to river system etc. These factors play a major role in the determining
of settlement distribution.
6.6.1 Rural Settlements
According to the 2001 Census, about 10 percent of the total villages have less
than 500 population. About twothird of the villages have from 500 to 2000
population. However, the number of villages is maximum in 1000 to 2000
population i.e. 371 villages. It consists of more than 35 percent of the total
number of villages. There are 17 villages with more than 5000 population. It
consists of 1.7 percent of the total number of villages.

Table 6.17: Distribution of Rural Settlements by Size of Population, 2001

Tehsils

Population Distribution, 2001

Less
100- 200- 500- 1000than 100 200 500 1000 2000
Arang
0
1
16
55
62
Abhanpur 0
1
4
21
49
Tilda
1
3
22
48
46
Raipur
1
0
3
15
36
Berla
2
1
21
59
37
Dhamda 0
3
23
67
52
Patan
0
1
9
44
63
Durg
0
0
1
11
26
Total
4
10
99
320 371

20005000
31
28
12
42
13
17
25
41
209

5000 &
Above
1
1
1
11
0
0
0
2
16

RURAL POPULATION DISTRIBUTION - 2001

400
350

No. of Villages

300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Less than 100-200
100

200-500

500-1000

Population Size

10002000

20005000

5000 &
Above

Figure 6.3: Distribution of Rural Settlements by Size of Population, 2001

6.6.2 Urban Settlements

The region shows a disparity in the distribution according to its size & class.
There are 17 urban centres in the region in 2001 which has increased from 14
urban centres according to 1991 census. It includes 3 Class I town, 1 Class II

town, 5 class III town, 7 Class IV town and 3 Class V town. Urban Centres are
usually concentrated along NH-6.
Figure 6.4 : Class wise distribution of Urban Population, 2001

0.52

Class V (5,000 -9 ,999)

5.15

Population

Class IV (10 ,000 -19 ,999)

Class III (20 ,000 - 49 , 999)

7.58
5.21

Class II (50 ,000 - 99 ,999)

Class I (100 ,000 & A bove)

86.75
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Percentage

The major agglomeration in this corridor are; Raipur UA, Durg- & Bhilai UA.
There are 3 Class I towns, however, they have majority of the population (85.65
percent). Minimum percentage of the population is in the Class V town 0.52
percent distributed in 3 towns.
Table 6.18: Size and Class of Towns, 2001
Size & Class

NAME OF TOWNS

% to total Urban
POPULATION Pop

Class- I
1
2
3

(100,000 & Above)

Raipur (M.Corp+O.G.) 670,042
Bhilai Nagar (M.Corp) 556,366
Durg (M.Corp)
232,517
Total
1,458,925 86.31

Class- II
4

(50,000 - 99,999)
Bhilai Charoda (M)
Total

87,585
87,585

(20,000 - 49, 999)

Kumhari (NP)
Tilda Newra (M+OG)
Gobra Nawapara (M)

29,756
26,909
25,591

Class- III
5
6
7

5.18

Size & Class

8
9

NAME OF TOWNS
Birgaon (CT)
Jamul (NP)
Total
(10,000 -19,999)
Ahiwara (NP)
Arang (NP)
Bhanpuri (CT)
Mowa (CT)
Banarsi (CT)
Gogaon (CT)
Total

Class- IV
10
11
12
13
14
15

(5,000 -9,999)
Urla (CT)
Patan (NP)
Total
Total Urban
Population

Class- V
16
17

% to total Urban
POPULATION Pop
23,562
21,640
127,458
7.54
18,719
16,629
16,365
13,706
10,653
10,456
86,528

5.12

9,363
8,812
17,389 1.03
1,690,300 100

6.7 Land use and Settlement

The Regional Plan for the Raipur Region 2031 aimed at balanced regional
development in the region through dispersal of population, economic activity and
infrastructure facilities. The land use plan proposed to achieve this end consists
of following objectives:

Designating area for the urban growth and proposed industrial areas in
the region to a well defined area and preventing urban sprawl

Identifying potential areas for new towns

Designating green and forest areas as eco-sensitive zones with a view

to conserve agriculture, rural, and forest areas

6.8 Health
There are four tiers of health services such as;

District Hospital/General Hospital

Community Health Centres

Primary Health Centres

Sub-Health Centres

6.8.1 District Level Health Services

In Raipur district there is specialized health facilities. Raipur city itself provides
more than 1100 beds in different hospital located within the city. Medical College
Hospital provides maximum number of beds i.e. 600. Separate hospitals are
available for specialised health facilities such as leprosy, T.B., Cancer and
Maternity and Child welfare. Apart from that, there are 4 CHC, 19 PHC and 89
sub-centre in the Raipur sub-region.
Table 6.19: Government Health Department Setup in Raipur District
Name of Unit
Community Health
Centres
Sector Level Primary

N0
10

Name of Unit
Block Level Primary
Health Centres

N0
5

41

Sub Health Centres

92

Hospitals/Pharmaceuticals 263

1291

Trained mid-wives

1276

Poly Clinic

District Malaria Unit

Post Maternity Centre

Leprosy Hospital

LCU

MCU

Other Statistics

Health Centres
Sector
Trained public health
inspectors
Urban Family Welfare
Centres

458

In Durg district there is a District Hospital with 330 beds. District hospital is fully
equipped with all the required facilities and with 16 Class I specialists, 44 Class II
Medical Officers and 207 paramedical staff. There is 74 other staff from
Contingency services. There is a civil hospital located at Bemetra with 21 beds,

09 community health centres (CHC), 49 primary health centres (PHC), 353 sub
health centres, 6 Homoeopathy dispensaries, 105 Ayurvedic dispensaries and 1
unani dispensary. Out of this, there are 19 PHC and 91 Sub centre in the Durg
Sub-region in the Raipur Region. The district is also having Jeevan Jyoti project
with mobile dispensary which is especially for tribal area in Dondi tribal block.
Apart from the facilities at the urban areas, the rural area in Raipur Region has 5
hospitals, 9 community health centres (CHC), 34 primary health centre (PHC)
and 164 sub-centres. There are 22 maternity and child welfare centres in the
region

6.9 Economic Activities

The Raipur Region is well connected with road, rail and air which make it suitable for
economic development. Since the region is rich in mineral resources it is important
for industrial development and trade and commerce. The region has labour intensive
industries and people from different parts of the state come to this area for work. The
major objectives of the economic development in the region are as follows:
 Balanced development in the region
 The emphasis of economic activities as under:

Raipur to have focus on trade and commerce

Durg-Bhilai to be mainly industrial focus

Naya Raipur to be centre for state administration, new developing

economic activities, software industry, education and research,
and a focus on outdoor recreation

 Focus on agriculture industry

6.9.1 Occupational Structure
6.9.1.1 Workforce

The region has an agrarian and labour intensive economy in rural parts of the region;
the two urban agglomerations having industry and trade and commerce. As per the
2001 census, the Workforce Participation rate of the region is 41.7 percent. In the
sub-region of Raipur and Durg the workforce participation rate was 41.9 and 41.4
percent respectively, which are higher than the All India average of 37.46 per cent.

Table 6.20: Workforce Participation Rate, 2001

Tehsil
Workers
Tehsil
Raipur
35.1 %
Durg
Arang
44.3 %
Berla
Tilda
42.9 %
Dhamdha
Abhanpur
44.8 %
Patan
Raipur
Sub- 41.9 %
Durg SubDistrict
Region
Raipur Region
41.7 %
Source: Primary Census Abstract, 2001

Workers
32.2 %
46.7 %
45.2 %
42.6 %
41.4 %

A tehsil wise analysis of workforce rate reveals that Durg tehsil has lowest
participation rate in comparison to other tehsil in the Region. It is due to highly
industrial area (such as Bhilai and other industrial towns) and less dependent on
agricultural activities. Berla has highest workers participation rate at 46.7 percent
because it is predominantly an agricultural dominant activity and the womens
participation in the main workers is very high.

6..9.1.2 Component of Workers in major Economic Activities

The percentage of workers engaged in cultivation is highest in Berla (41.3
percent) and least in the Tehsil of Durg (8.9 percent) and Raipur (6.8 percent).
Berla has also the highest number of Agricultural labourers. Combined with the

Cultivation and agriculture labour it has 85 percent of its workforce is engaged in

Agricultural sector of economy in Berla.

Table 6.21: Workers in Major Economic Activity, 2001

T E H S I L
Abhanp
Raipur Arang Tilda
Durg
ur
32
.0
Cultivators
6.8
36.7
35.8
8.9
39
.1
Agl.Labor
10.5
46.3
40
11.9
Household
1.
Industrial
6
2.9
1.9
1.9
2.5
Other
26
Workers
79.5
15.1
.4
22.3 76.7
Source: Primary Census Abstract, 2001
Activities

Berla

Dhamd
a

Patan

41.3

37.7

28.7

44.7

38.4

40

1.6

1.6

1.6

12.4

22.3

29.7

6.9.2 Agriculture
Agriculture is the predominant activity in the region. Durg-Raipur Plain is part of the
Chhattisgarh plain, is the most fertile area of the state. This region is part of a larger
area, which is known as the Rice Bowl of the state. Apart from Paddy, other crops
are Jowar, Maize, Kodo-Kutki, Gram, Groundnut, Lineed, Mustard, Soyabean, Til
and Arhar. As per the data recorded by District Land Record Department for the year
2000-01, the total area under cultivation in Raipur was 598,751 ha. out of which only
40.5 percent were net sown area. For Net sown area in Durg District was much
higher than its counter part Raipur District. The major agro product that are exported
from the region are Rice, Fruit Pulp and Tasar Silk.
The fertility of lands of Raipur district can be attributed to the presence of River Mahanadi
and its tributary. Mahanadi originating in the hills of Sihava flows in the direction of East into
the Bay of Bengal. Raipur with 40 percent and Durg with 29 percent districts represent the
highest percentage of area under irrigation after Dhamtari (55 percent).

Table 6.22: Area under Cultivation (Area in ha)

Area

Net
Sown
Area

% to
total
Area

Double
Cropped
Area

1344596
66202
90038
73530
60400

544868
35176
62068
44040
38506

40.5
53.1
68.9
59.9
63.8

870180
77718
88249
67517
76233

546200
53421
61355
36772
5267

62.8
68.7
69.5
54.5
6.9

Tehsil
Raipur District
(2000-01)
Raipur
Arang
Tilda
Abhanpur
Durg District
(2000-01)
Berla
Dhamda
Durg
Patan

Total Area under

Cultivation

53883
5209
13182
3258
4459

9.0
7.9
14.6
4.4
7.4

598751
40385
75250
47298
42965

194542
68317
13129
50128
20411

22.4
87.9
14.9
74.2
26.8

740742
121738
74484
86900
25678

Source: District Statistical Handbook,2000 & 2002

Kharif is the dominant crop in both the districts. During the year 2000-01, 90 percent
of the total area was under kharif crop in Raipur District while in the same year, 73.5
percent of the total area was under kharif crops. Berla Tehsil of Durg District have
shown its dominancy in the multi cropping system,where Rabi is also grown in a full
intensity. The following tables show tehsil wise area under Rabi and Kharif crops.
Table 6.23: Area under Different Crops (In Hectares)
Kharif
Other
than Food
Crops

District/ Tehsil

Food
Crops

Raipur District

532241

6410

Raipur
Arang
Tilda
Abhanpur

34522
59946
42446
37976

220
344
1081
190

Durg District

461002

5044

Berla (200102)

40374

739

Total
53865
1
34742
60290
43527
38166
46604
6
41113

Food
Crops

Rabi
Other than
Tot
Food
al
Crops

56990

3110

10.0

5406
14296
3566
4571

237
664
205
228

14.0
19.9
8.0
11.2

152647

15629

26.5

24919

2285

39.8

District/ Tehsil
Dhamda
(2001-02)
Durg (2001-02)
Patan (200102)

Food
Crops

Kharif
Other
than Food
Crops

Total

Food
Crops

Rabi
Other than
Tot
Food
al
Crops

45791

884

46675

25260

2549

37.3

34679

287

34966

14524

638

51581

65

51646

20030

1302

30.2
2133
2

Source: District Statistical Handbook, 2002

Among the crops paddy and wheat are the major crops in the district. Average yield
of rice is much higher in comparison to other crops grown. The following table shows
production and yield in Raipur and Durg District. Lakh, linseed, groundnut, wheat
and gram. Increase in irrigation facilities and intensive development program in the
region have led the Raipur City to perform the functions of trade and commerce
because the surplus paddy of the region is exported to other parts of the state as
well as neighbouring states.

Table 6.24: Production and Yield of Different Crops

CROPS

Rice
Wheat
Jwar
Corn
Urad Lintel
Gram
Tuar
Ground nut
Mustard
Soyabean
Cotton

Raipur District
Production
Production
/hectare
(in 000 mt.)
(in kg.)
1999- 2000- 19992000
01
2000 2000-01
704.
268.
3
1471
3
550
12.3
1042
5.7
1100
0.1
799
0.1
900
0.8
1142
2
1250
2.2
363
1.8
325
7.8
638
3
750
2.7
732
5.3
980
0.7
797
1.6
950
0.9
526
0.4
550
1
897
0.7
1000
NA
NA
3167
3520

Source: District Statistical Handbook, 2002

Durg District
Production
Production
(in 000 mt). /hectare (in kg.)
1998-99

1998-99

201.376
4.545
0.073
0.112
0.6
48.634
5.215
0.985
NA
3.688
NA

1183
914
948
1009
421
784
960
1036
NA
361
NA

6.9.3 Mineral
The most important mineral base in this region is Limestone. The region has largest
deposition of limestone where the reserve is 1155 million tonnes in Raipur and 320
million tones in Durg. The predominance of cement plants proves the fact. Both Tilda
and Raipur are important centers in Raipur District while Dhamdha has the
maximum number of place of limestone reserves.
Table 6.25: Listing of Mining Areas and Reserves in Raipur District
Mineral
Lime
Stone

Dev.Bloc
k
Dharsiw
a
Tilda
Dharsiw
a

Bhatapa
ra
Simga

Village

Mandhar,Matiya,Dondekala Cement
n etc.
grade
Bahesar
-doMansa, Puani, Siliyari
-doSiliyari, Tarra, Pathari,
Khudmudi
Jhipan, Rawan, Pendri,
Ameri
Hirmi, Saklor, Parswani
Karhichandi
Semradih, Mohra
Phrhada
Khelwari
Rawan, Pausari, Kukurdi

Bhatapar
a
Balodabaz Sonadih, Rasera, Raseri
ar
Gaitara
Maldimopar
Shuklabhata
Bhatapar Chichpol
a
Amilidih
Shishupal

Gold

Kasdol

Diamond Mainpur

Grade

Bhanjhiapal
Sonakhan, Bagmara
Beheradih, Payalikhand

Reserve (Million
Tonnes)
32
54
17

-do-

48

-do-

148

-do-do-do-do-do-do-

149
80
70
6
3
134

-do-

160

-do-do-do-do-

119
300
150
11

-doMixed
grade
Low grade
3grm/tonn
e
Gem/off
color

12
Small deposit
Small deposit
2780 Kgs.
Not estimated

Mineral

Dev.Bloc
k

AlexandritDeobhog
e
Garnet Deobhog
Dolomite Bhatapar
a
Flag
Stone

Rajim

Village

Grade
industrial
Gem

Sandmura

Reserve (Million
Tonnes)
Not estimated

Gohekala, Dhupkot,
Thirliguda
Dhaneli

Semi
precious
BF/SMS

16 tonnes

Tikulia, Gandadih
Banks of Mahanadi

BF/SMS
Low grade

14
Small deposits

5.01

Source: National Informatics Centre, Raipur (www.nic.in)

Table 6.26: Listing of Mining Areas and Reserves in Durg District

Mineral
Iron Ore

Place
Dalli Rajhara

Dolomite

Nandini
Meresara
Semaria
Achholi
Ghotwani
Matragota
Kodwa Mohbhatta

Quartzite

Danitola

Moulding
Sand

Kumahari/Amri/
Karhdeeh/Thanaud

Limestone

Reserve
164 Million Tonnes
198 Million Tonnes
35.17 Million Tonnes
80 Million Tonnes
80 Million Tonnes
21.04 Million Tonnes
87.46 Million Tonnes
28 Million Tonnes
20 Million Tonnes
N.A

Area
2732.62
Hectares

335.539
Hectares

139.904
Hectares
33.317
Hectares
24.80
Hectares

Source: National Informatics Centre, Durg (www.nic.in)

The region has largest deposition of limestone where the reserve is 1155 in Raipur
and 320 mt in Durg. Limestone is an important raw material for the cement industry
thus, there are location of many cement industry in the region. Apart from the above
mentioned minerals in Durg District, there are also other minerals available such as
Runner Sand, White Clay, Soap Stone, Sand, Stone, Flag Stone and Murum.
Mining activities carried out here are an environmental concern as it is leading to
land, water and air pollution. The mining regulations are poor; and cement industry is
not investing in mine management. Mine excavation and mining waste dumping also
result in loss of land. Run-off from mine dumps from the top organic productive soil

affects microbial population and affecting nitrogen fixation. Mines have breached
groundwater table and led to acute water scarcity in some places. The region is
therefore, an ecologically sensitive zone.

6.9.4 Industry
The Bhilai steel plants is one of the major iron and steel units in India. There are
other cement plants like that of ACC and Century located in the region. Mining and
industrial activities are concentrated only in the area of with Raipur and Durg-Bhilai
area. Raipur is most important industrial centre followed by Tilda. The entire mining
site is on the northern side of NH-6. Thus, there is a concentration of industrial work
centres on the north and western side of the region.
Raipur has a diversified industrial structure, Tilda predominantly has cement plants.
Raipur has 72 large and medium scale units. Metallurgical, Chemical and Agrobased industries are the most prevalent in Raipur. This is followed by food, textile
and plastic industries. Besides this, Raipur also has 299 small-scale industries. The
major types of industries are Chemical, Metallurgical, Food, Agro and Forest Based
Industries. Also, there are 11050 cottage industries in Raipur. The major types of
industries are Handloom, Brass, industry, Dairy and Poultry farm, Leather works,
Bamboo and cane industry, Bidi making, Brick and tile kilns, Woodworks and
Jewellery. Despite being rich in mineral resources, the primary sector activities
dominate in the region.
As mentioned above, Chhattisgarh is traditionally known as Rice Bowl of India.
Durg- Raipur Plain is one of the most fertile plain in the region ideal for the rice
cultivation. Hence, there has been also growth of milling facility in the region. Rice is
also exported from this region. Other major exports from the region are:


Steel Castings and Equipments

Railway Track and Wagon parts

Steel Structural / Rails/ Plates and Sheets

Iron Ore

Cement

Handicraft items

Tasar Silk Cloth

Thus industrial and mining resource is already present in the region as an economic
catalyst

Table 6.27: Major Industrial Estates in the Raipur Region

(1) URLA (Distt. Raipur)
Area
700 ha
No. of units
Large & Medium
60
Scale
Small Scale
550
Plywood, Grinding, Media Bulbs, Gas, Rice Brown Mills, M.G
Types of
Castings, Nitrogen gas, Steel castings, Nitrogen gas, Steel
Industries
casting, Refined vegetable oils, Steel Fabrication PVC shoes,
Plywood-re-rolled products etc.
(2) SILTARA (Distt. Raipur)
Area
1260 ha
No. of units
Large & Medium
3
Scale
Small Scale 9
Unified steel plants, sponge iron, Hot rolled strips, Steel tube and
Types of
pipe, chlorinated Peraphin, Hydrochloric Acid, Calcium
Industries
Chlorinated, Plywood.
(3). BORAI (Distt. Durg)
Area
437 ha
No. of units
Large & Medium
2
Scale
Small Scale 27
Sponge iron, Eureka Forbes, Steel Wires, Mosaic Tiles, Marble
Types of Industries Tiles, PVC Footwear, Medicine, Oxygen gas, Paints, PVC Regis
Pipe, nut bolt etc.
Source: Chhattisgarh Atlas, 2000

Apart from that, there is also industrial estates in Sarora, Bhanpuri and Rawabhata
near Raipur.
Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India, announced a scheme titled
"Assistance to States for Developing Export Infrastructure and Allied Activities",
(ASIDE). The primary objective of the ASIDE Scheme is to develop infrastructure for
export through grants-in-aid to be provided by the Government of India. Under
ASIDE Scheme 9 projects have been approved out of which 7 are located in the
region
1.

Project on the Urla Growth Centre, Raipur

2.

Project on the Bhilai Industrial Area, District. Durg

3.

Project on the BEC Food Zone, District. Durg

4.

Project on the Bhanpuri & Rawabhata Industrial Area, Raipur

5.

Proposal on Exports of rice from Tilda-Neora, District Raipur.

6.

A call centre and BPO in the STP Bhilai.

7.

A development centre for software in the STP Bhilai

6.10 Traffic Situations

6.10.1 Traffic Surveys
The following traffic surveys are being carried out during the course of the
study:
 Classified Traffic Volume Counts Survey

- 4 locations completed; 2 more

locations planned
 Origin Destination & Commodity Movement Survey

- 2 locations

 Speed & Delay Survey - From Kendri Village to PachpediNak and From
Pachpedi Naka to Palaud Village Road Junction (Along NH43 and NH 6)
 Railway Level Crossing Survey on NH 6
The traffic on the NH6 and NH43 are characterized by a high degree of
motorized vehicles, which consist of passenger vehicles such as cars, two
wheelers, buses and commercial vehicles such as Light commercial vehicles

(LCVs) and Trucks. Non-motorized vehicles in the traffic stream consist mostly of
bicycles with negligible number of animal drawn vehicles.
The vehicle classification adopted for the surveys are given below:
Motorised Traffic

2-wheeler (Scooter/motor Cycle)

3-Wheeler (Autorickshaw)

Car/ Jeep/ Van/ Taxi

Mini Bus

Bus (Standard)

Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV)

2 Axle Truck - MCV 2 Axle Rigid Chassis

3 Axle Truck (Multi Axle Vehicle)

Articulated/ Semi Articulated Trcuk

Agri. Tractor with Trailer

Non-Motorised Traffic

Bicycle

Cycle Richshaw

Animal Drawn Vehicle

Others

The results of classified traffic counts completed are presented below. The
remaining survey data and analysis will be presented in the next report.
6.10.2 Classified Vehicle Counts
Classified vehicle counts for 3 continuous days were conducted at three locations
and one-day count at one location. The survey locations are at Km 257.8 on NH6
(Station-1) near Mandir Hasaud, at Km 17.0 on NH43 (Station-2) near Radiant

Public School, at Km 8.2 on Airport Road (Station-3) near Punder village and at
Km 7.0 on Nawagaon Upparawara Road (Station-4) near Palaud village.
The classified traffic counts at these locations were conducted from 9.00 am on
21st January 2007 to 9.00 am on 24th January 2007 at Station-1 and Sation-3,
from 9.00 am on 24th January 2007 to 9.00 am on 28th January 2007 at Station-2
and from 9.00 am on 24th January 2007 to 9.00 am on 25th January 2007 at
Station-4. Number of vehicles in either direction was noted at 15-minute intervals
in accordance with their classification by observers specially trained for this
purpose.
The analysis of classified volume counts at 4 locations has been carried out to
derive:

Average Daily Traffic (ADT) for fast and slow moving vehicles

Hourly variation

Directional Distribution

Traffic Composition

6.10.2.1

Average Daily Traffic (ADT)

The traffic volume data collected at mid block locations was averaged out to
arrive at the average daily traffic (ADT). The summary of ADT in terms of
vehicles and PCU at the four locations is given in Table 6.28

Table 6.28: Summary of Classified Average Daily Traffic

Vehicle

(IN NUMBERS)

(IN PCU)

Category

Stations

Stations

Two Wheeler

4056

3294

2445

725

2028

1647

1222

363

Three Wheeler

528

126

198

43

528

126

198

43

Car/ Jeep/ Van/

1653

2486

1936

181

1653

2486

1936

181

Mini Bus

385

357

13

10

578

536

20

15

Full Bus

89

252

22

268

757

67

LCV

293

470

56

58

440

705

85

87

2-Axle Truck

2088

1054

97

464

6265

3161

291

1392

3-Axle Truck

1786

992

15

59

5358

2976

45

177

237

67

1068

303

80

41

23

68

360

185

105

306

19

11

28

17

11215 9150

4811

1610

18573 12897 3977

2567

Cycle

2469

983

2311

1030

1235

491

1155

515

Cycle Rickshaw

21

13

41

Bullock Cart

10

22

83

53

11

176

Horse Cart

2486

992

2333

1052

1331

551

1207

691

13701 10142 7144

2662

19904 13448 5185

Taxi

Article/ Semi Artic

Truck
Tractor with
Trailer
Tractor without
Trailer
TOTAL FAST
MOVING
VEHICLE (FMV)

TOTAL SLOW
MOVING
VEHICLE (SMV)
TOTAL ADT

6.10.2.2

3258

Hourly variation

The hourly variation of traffic provides an insight to the traffic pattern throughout
the day. Hourly variation of vehicles wise traffic flow at the four count stations on
an average is shown in Figures 6.5 to 6.8.

Figure 6.5: Vehicle wise Hourly Variation of Traffic on NH6 at Km 257.8

Vehicle wise Hourly Variation of Traffic on NH6 at Km 257.8

Two Wheeler

400

Three Wheeler
350

Car/Jeep/ Van/Taxi
M inibus

No of Vehicles

300

Full Bus

250

LCV
200

2-A xle Truck

150

3-A xle Truck

Art ic/ Semi Artic Truck

100
Ag ri Tractor wit h
Trailer
Ag ri Tractor wit hout
Trailer
Slo w M oving Vehicles

50
0

Time (Hours)

Figure 6.6: Vehicle wise Hourly Variation of Traffic on NH43 at Km 17.0

Vehicle wise Hourly Variation of Traffic on NH43 at Km 17.0

Two Wheeler

350

Three Wheeler

300

No of Vehicles

Car/Jeep/Van/Taxi
250

M inibus
200

Full Bus
150

LCV

100

2-Axle Truck
3-Axle Truck

50

Artic/ Semi Artic Truck

0

Agri Tractor with

Trailer

Time (Hours)

Agri Tractor without

Trailer
Slow Moving Vehicles

Figure 6.7: Vehicle wise Hourly Variation of Traffic on Airport Road

Vehicle wise Hourly Variation of Traffic on Airport Road at Km 8.2
450
Two Wheeler

400

Three Wheeler

No of Vehicles

350

Car/Jeep/Van/Taxi

300

M inibus

250

Full Bus
LCV

200

2-Axle Truck
150

3-Axle Truck

100

Artic/ Semi Artic Truck

50

Agri Tractor with

Trailer
Agri Tractor without
Trailer
Slow M oving Vehicles

Time (Hours)

Figure 6.8: Vehicle wise Hourly Variation of Traffic on Nawagaon

Upparawara Road

Vehicle wise Hourly Variation of Traffic on Nawagaon-Upparawara Road at Km 7.0

from NH6
Two Wheeler
200
Three Wheeler

No of Vehicles

180
160

Car/Jeep/Van/Taxi

140

M inibus

120

Full Bus

100

LCV

80

2-Axle Truck

60

3-Axle Truck

40

Artic/ Semi Artic Truck

20
Agri Tractor with
Trailer

Time (Hours)

Agri Tractor without

Trailer
Slow M oving Vehicles

6.10.3 Traffic Composition

Analysis was carried out to find the composition of traffic in terms of fast and slow
moving traffic and in terms of various types of vehicles. The observed vehicular
composition on NH6 at Km 257.8, on NH43 at Km 17.0, on Airport Road at Km
8.2 and on Nawagaon Upparawara Road at Km 7.0 are shown in Table 6.29

Two Wheelers constitute 27% to 35% of the ADT on the roads at the
four traffic count locations. Their share is highest on Airport Road with
35% and lowest on Nawagaon Upparawara Road with 27%

The share of Auto-Rickshaw is highest on NH6 at Km 257.8 with

3.85% because of the proximity of an auto-rickshaw stand at Mandir
Hasaud at K m 258.4. The share of auto rickshaw at other three
locations are: on NH43 at Km 17.0 is 1.24, On Airport Road at Km 8.2
is 2.78 and on Nawagaon-Upparawara Road at Km 7.0 is 1.62

The share of private cars is highest on Airport Road with 27%

because the traffic to and from the Airport will use this road. Even on
NH43 the private cars constitutes 25% as this road leads to many
tourist destinations like Champaran, Rajim, and Udanti Sanctuary etc.

The share of private cars at other two locations are: on NH6 at Km

257.8.0 is 12%, and on Nawagaon-Upparawara Road at Km 7.0 is on
6.0%

The share of public transport mode (Mini Buses and Buses) is 7.12 on
NH43 and 3.46 on NH6. On other two locations the public transport
mode is nil.

The share of the total commercial traffic (LCV, Trucks) is 32.14% on

NH6 and 25.46% on NH43 and 21.83% on Nawagaon Upparawara
Road. On Airport Road the commercial traffic percentage is negligible
as this road lead to Airport.

The share of slow moving vehicles is high on Airport Road and

Nawagaon-Upparawara Road.

Table 6.29: Observed Vehicles Composition (%)

Vehicle Category

On

On

On

On Nawagaon

NH6 at

NH43

Airport

Upparawara

Km

at Km

Road at

Road

257.8

17.0

Km 8.2

Two Wheeler

29.61

32.48

34.22

27.24

Three Wheeler

3.85

1.24

2.78

1.62

Car/ Jeep/ Van/ Taxi

12.06

24.51

27.10

6.80

Mini Bus

2.81

3.52

0.18

0.38

Full Bus

0.65

2.49

0.31

0.00

LCV

2.14

4.63

0.79

2.18

2-Axle Truck

15.24

10.39

1.36

17.43

3-Axle Truck

13.04

9.78

0.21

2.22

Article/ Semi Artic Truck

1.73

0.66

0.00

0.00

Tractor with Trailer

0.58

0.40

0.33

2.55

Tractor without Trailer

0.14

0.11

0.07

0.08

81.86

90.22

67.35

60.48

Cycle

18.02

9.69

32.35

38.69

Cycle Rickshaw

0.05

0.03

0.29

0.00

Bullock Cart

0.08

0.07

0.02

0.83

Horse Cart

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

18.14

9.78

32.65

39.52

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

TOTAL FAST MOVING

VEHICLE (FMV)

TOTAL SLOW MOVING

VEHICLE (SMV)
TOTAL ADT

6.10.4 Directional Distribution

From the Table 6.30, it is observed that the traffic along different roads around
project area is equally distributed in both the directions. Marginal variations are
however observed in the directional distribution of different vehicle types.

Table 6.30: Directional Distribution of Traffic at Different Count Stations

S.No Location

Directional Distribution

49 (Towards Sambalpur): 51 (Towards

On NH6 at Km 257.8

Raipur)
2

On NH43 at Km 17

51(Towards Abhanpur): 49 (Towards

Raipur)

On Airport Road at Km

50 (Towards Airport): 50 (Towards

8.2

Raipur)

On Nawagaon-

51 (Towards NH43): 49 (Towards NH6)

Upparawara Road at
Km 7.0 from NH6

Chapter - 7
CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

7.1 Archeological, Historical & Cultural Sites

Within the study area or close to it, there is neither any well known sites of
archaeological, historical and national importance, nor any famous places/sites of
cultural, religious and tourist interests, defense installations, etc. However the
near by cultutal sites are described below.
Champaran (Champajhar)
The village is identified with Champaranya in Abhanpur Tehsil, the birthplace of
the Saint Vallabhacharya, the reformer and founder of the Vallabh Sect for whom
this place has religious sanctity. A temple was constructed in honour of Guru
Swamy Vallabhacharya. Near to this Temple, there is the temple of
Champakeshwara Mahadeva.
An annual fair is held every year in the month of Magh (January - February). Birth
Anniversary of Mahapprabhu Vallabhacharya is celebrated every year on
Eleventh bright day of Baisakh (April-May) and a large number of followers of the
Sect assemble here to pay homage. The village Champajhar now known as
Champaran is approachable from Raipur via Arang (60 Km) or via Nawapara
Rajim (68Km).

Turturiya
The village is on the banks of the Turturiya spring (also called Sursuri Ganga), is
surrounded by forests. It has many Buddhist ruins from the 8th century AD and
Brahmanical ruins of a later period. Apart from that, there are many sculptured
pillars, remains of a brick stupa, traces of bathing ghats, lingams, figures of four
armed Vishnu, and Ganesha idols. Turturiya is connected to Raipur via
Balodabazar (113 km away) or Sirpur (102 km).

Laxman Temple and Gandheswar Temple, Sirpur

Sirpur is an interesting site, 84 km from Raipur. Sited on the banks of the holy
Mahanadi River, and known as 'Shripur' in ancient times, it was the capital of
South Kosala. It was an important centre of Buddha religion from 6 to 10th
century.
The Laxman Temple was built in 7th century constructed by Somvanshi king
Harshavardhan, is one of the finest brick temples in India, and characterised by
exquisite carvings and precise construction. Sheshnaag serves as an umbrella to
Lord Shiva on the top of the entrance, while incarnations of Load Vishnu, Krishna
Leela ornamental symbols, and erotic carvings adorn the sides. The religious
segments of a temple - Vatayan, Chitya Gawaksha, Bharwahakgana, Aja,
Kirtimukh and Karna Amalak - are engraved on the pillars of Panchrath temple.
The inside has the Mandap (shelter), Antraal (passage) and Garbha Grih (the
main house). The Archaeological Survey of India has established a museum in
the temple premises, which has a collection of rare statues and other relics
significant to the Shiva, Vaishnava, Buddhist and Jain faiths.
Gandheshwar Temple is situated on the banks of the Mahanadi River. This Shiva
temple was built using the architectural remains of ancient temples and vihars.
Inside there is a statue of Buddha touching the earth and statues of Natraj, Shiva,
Varah, Garud Narayan, and Mahisasur Mardini. Apart from that, there is Anand
Prabhu Kuti Vihar, which was Buddha's residence, RadhaKrishna temple, Chandi
temple and Swastik Vihar which are very famous in Sirpur.
Arang
Arang is an old city situated on Sambalpur road, at 36 km from Raipur. It is also
developing as a tourist place due to the ancient temples. Some famous temples
are
Bhandadeval temple, Baghdeval temple and Mahamaya temple. Bhandadeval

temple was built during 11-12th century. The temple has three huge idols made of
black stone of Jain Tirthankars. Mahamaya temple also has three huge idols of
Jain Tirthankars and a huge stone having all 24 Tirthankars. Other important
tourist

places

are

Danteshwari

temple,

Chandi

Maheshwari

temple,

Panchamukhi Mahadev and Panchamukhi Hanumman temple.

Rajim
It is a religious place 48 km from Raipur. Rajim is known as the "Prayag" of the
Chhattisgarh because it is situated at the meeting point of the Mahanadi, Pairi
and Sondur rivers. An ancient temple of Lord Kuleshwar of 14-15th century is also
here. Other famous temples are Temple of Rajivlochan and Rajeshwar temple.
The Rajivlochan temple has idol of fourhanded Lord Vishnu who has two
Shilalekhs, which are of 8-9th century.
Maitry Bagh
Maitri Bagh is famous for its garden and is situated under the township of Bhilai.
The garden is build by the co-operation of India-Russia Govt. The only zoo cum
children park in this region. Various types of Indian and Foreign animals and
birds are kept in this zoo. It has also other recreational activities. The Bagh is
maintained by the Bhilai Steel Plant Management with all the facilities of playing
for children.
Main attraction is the white tiger, which are 4 in number. The huge sized Lions
and lionesses also attract all age group of people. It is an important picnic spot in
the area. Every year a flower show is organised during which many flowers and
vegetables are displayed from various part of the district.
There is also a Musical Fountain that is being maintained by the management
of Bhilai Steel Plant at Maitry Bagh. A show is being organised there on every
alternate evening for 20 minutes.
Uwasaggaharam Parshwa Teerth, Nagpura

This is a Jain shrine in Nagpura established in 1995. It is located on the banks of

the Sheonath River. The campus houses temples, guesthouses, garden,
Naturopathy and Yoga Centre. The entrance to the resplendent marble temple of
Shri Parshwanath is through a 30 feet gate that has the idol of Parshwanath,
supported by four pillars (representing the four essentials of spiritual atonement,
i.e., wisdom, introspection, good conduct, penance), being worshipped by two
elephants. Sacred water, amiya, oozes from the idol here. Hundreds of pilgrims
visit this shrine on full-moon.
Ganga Maiya Temple, Jhalmala
Located at Jhalmala, 58 km from Durg and 40 kms from Dhamtari, there is an
interesting story about the origin of this temple: a fisherman was fishing in the
pond near the village when he found an idol in his net. He kept putting it back in
the water; it kept coming back into his net. Finally, he got fed up and left it and
went home. The same night, in a dream, a villager heard the Goddess saying "I
am being ignored by the fisherman. Take me out and get me installed." Taking
this to be an order, he visited the pond the next morning, retrieved the idol and
installed it in a hut near the village (and hence the name). Later, a more
permanent temple was build by Bhikam Chand Tawri. The temple trust plays an
active role in the life of the villagers, including organising cultural activities and
medical camps.
The other places of historical importance in the Durg district are Deobalod
(famous for old Shiv Mandir), Dhamdha (famous for Prachin Kila and Mandir),
and Balod (famous for Prachin Kila, Mandir and Sati Chabutra)

Chapter 8
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

8.1 Need for Screening and Scoping

Environmental Screening actually determines the environmental sensitivity of the
project roads (screening). That in turn helps the level of planning in terms of time,
budget and effort required to takeup the particular project for development
(scoping). It is not advisable to use the environmental sensitivity a method or
technique for dropping of very important project roads that are actually important
for the people of the region. On the other hand it has to be used as a planning
tool for systematic implementation of the project components based on separate
and detailed environmental impact assessment for each projects. This screening
study for Naya Raipur roads project has considered the following aspects:

Preparation of baseline

Identification and assessment of impacts

Policy, legal and institutional issues for planning and and for getting all
approvals and for Implementation of EMP during Design, Construction and
Operational phases

List of roads recommended to include for major improvements

Scoping and future course of work for Environmental Assessment process

8.2 Environmental Screening Process

This process requires a thorough understanding of various environmental
parameters and its effect on the project planning and implementation. The
screening process has under gone the following steps.

Preparation for various surveys

Reconnaissance site visit

Identification of the roads to be screened in the maps

Preparation of all back ground data relating to the project roads that are to
be screened

Preparation of base maps to plot the project roads accurately as far as

possible.

Identification of the VEC components that are important for the project

Devising or Preparation of Formats for recording of these parameters

Identification of an environmental screening survey team

Actual ground surveys to collect or record the data in the relevant sheets

Analysis of the data collected by qualitative and quantitative techniques

8.3 Stake Holder Consultation

This involves consultation with directly impacted/ affected communities as well as
others for example the road users. Stake holder consultation is also a rapid
assessment method for collecting data that are usually difficult to obtain by other
methods. Therefore identification of a suitable team for consultation was
important. The team or the personal should have a thorough understanding of
the terrain and the various dialects of the language in the area. Sample questions
for conducting consultations have been provided to the team to compensate the
lack of adequate experience. Then a proper training has been imparted to the
personnel who are actually going to conduct the consultation. The training has
been provided indoor as well as at the field along the project corridors. It was
necessary to conduct sufficient number of stake holder consultation with the
team until they were confident of conducting such meetings on their own for the
Naya Raipur region.

8.4 The Adopted Methodology

The screening methodology with Chronological order:
Reconnaissance survey for getting an idea about the environmental
issues in the region
Study all information related to the project that includes Terms of
Reference.
Preparation of a Project summary from all available information

Continuous documentation of the prevailing environmental issues and the

various related issues from Press as well as other sources (also required
for stake holder workshop to be conducted at a later stage).
Collection of secondary data from secondary sources such as published
reports, text books and maps ,and other similar reports and from web
pages
Collection of primary data by surveys
Carry out stake holder community consultation together with surveys do
Analysis of environmental screening data
Preparation of a screening matrix
Recommendations

Preparation of environmental screening matrix however needs to be carefully

devised, as many parameters have no screening potential or if there it is of very
limited value. For example the seismic characteristics of the region are more or
less same for all project roads. Similarly climate, precipitation, temperature etc
are also same for most of the project roads. These parameters were however
qualitatively analyzed and discussed in general to understand the prevailing
environmental settings of the project roads in the State. Another reason for the
importance of documentation of this part is that those referring/reading to the
screening document may not be local people.

8.5 Evaluation of Potential Environmental Impacts

The project is of located in the rural areas where the land acquisition for road
construction is expected to result into resettlement of only one village, Rakhivillage and relocation of a few stone crushers. The proposed road infrastructure
with other projects such as capitol complex, logistic hub, several other
developmental activities including an ongoing project of construction of stadium
is expected to bring overall positive impact in the local area and economy. Since
the roads being planed will be able to connect two national highways NH-6 and
NH-43 which will avoid the entry of vehicles in existing Raipur city. Presently both
of these highways intercept in Raipur city. This is expected to reduce the vehicle
emission by reducing the number of passing vehicles. Therefore the major

environmental impact is expected to be in the construction stage only. Since the

biological environment is not very sensitive in the region such as reserved forest,
endangered animal species are not existing the impact on biological environment
is not considered to be significant. The significant impact will be on physical
environment and is detailed in impact matrix shown in Table 8.1. The table
delineates the impact on physical environment during all four stages of the
project namely project planning & design, construction, operation & maintenance
and decommissioning. The major impacts are expected on noise and air
environment during construction period and are detailed as follows;
8.5.1 Impact on noise environment
During the construction of roads several activities including removal of top soil,
disposal of removed vegetation, and transportation of construction material will
involve a large number of trucks which will result in larger traffic volumes and
higher noise levels.
Noise will also be caused by road camp, asphalt concrete batching plants,
generators, spreaders and rollers among other construction equipment. This will
also pose some environmental impacts in the construction stage. According to
available analogue monitoring and forecast results, such construction equipment
will cause equivalent ambient noise levels higher than 7OdB(A) within 50 m
around the construction site, though the impacts beyond this range will be less.
There are villages in and around the construction site, several schools
particularly a high school in Pallaud, and one school located on NH-43. However
these schools are located away from proposed roads and are at distance greater
than 200 m e. i. the impact zone of noise. Therefore the noise impact during the
construction is expected to be negative but low.

8.5.2 Impact on air environment

The major impact on air environment will be road dust re-suspension because of
vehicle movements and fugitive dust emission from construction material being
transported. The major area of the project is agricultural or barren land. The
agricultural activity is seasonal in nature and is not being continued on the land
already acquired for the project. Due to open plane terrain of the area the
dispersion of dust and other pollutants from vehicle traffic will be very effective
and the adverse impact due to high concentration of pollutants is not expected to
be beyond 50-100 m from the construction activity.

8.5.3 Impact on biological environment

The study area is presently having rural environment and agriculral land along
with some social forestry areas. Although the road alignments designed is such a
way to avoid any major vegetation, there is requirement of cutting trees in ROW.
Road wise number of trees to be cut is given in the Table 8.2. This would have a
negative impact on the physical environment and biological environment. A
compensatory plantation will help to mitigate this advesre impact of cutting trees.
The study area do not have any endangered species thus impact on biological
environment is not expected to be significant.
8.5.4 Impact on archilogical, historical and cultural environment
Within the study area in which road construction is proposed, there is neither any
well known sites of archaeological, historical and national importance, nor any
famous places/sites of cultural, religious and tourist interests, defense
installations, etc. Therefore no adverse inpact on archilogical, historical or
cultural environment is envisaged.

8.5.5 Other environmental impacts

Removal of top soil may have impact on soil erosion or slope stability. Several
other activities such as road camp management, asphalt work, transportation of
materials in close proximity of lakes will have impact on quantity and quality of
surface as well as ground water in the area. During construction the water
requirement may go up by several folds. At present a wide spread canal network
brings water from river Mahanadi supplies the water for irrigation and ground
water mostly cater the need of drinking water. Whereas the surface water from
lakes is used for sundry uses. There are three large quarries in the line of road
alignment. Which may be required to be filled up and may be used as dumping
site for removed top soil. Out of these three stone quarries one is quite is about
more than 100 m wide and about 15 m deep which may be difficult be filled and
bridge may be envisaged on the same. This may have impact on the near by
environment.

Energy /
mineral
resources
Surface
water
quantity
Surface
water
quality
Ground
water
quantity
Ground
water
quality
Air quality

Noise

Overall

I. Project Planning & Design

Obtain geo-mechanical
N-Low
investigations
Obtain groundwater
Nil
investigations
Design basic road route
Nil
Determine excavated road
Nil
materials locations
Determine borrow pits
Nil
quarries
Planning of disposal site
Nil
locations
Planning of drainage
Nil
systems
Land surveying
Nil
II. Construction
Clearing of top soil
N-Mod
Disposal of removed
Nil
vegetation
Road camp management
Nil
Putting down base material Nil
Mining, crushing, and
transport
Construction of concrete
Nil
drainage systems

Slope
stability

Project
Components

Soil erosion

Environmental
Components

Agricultural
lands

Table 8.1: Project Impact Matrix

Nil

Nil

N-Low

Nil

N-Low

Nil

N-Low

N-Low

N-Mod

N-Low

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

N-Low

Nil

N-Low

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil
N-Low

Nil
N-Low

Nil
N-Low

Nil
Nil

Nil
N-Low

Nil
Nil

Nil
N-Low

Nil
N-Low

Nil
Nil

Nil
N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

Nil

N-Low

Nil

N-Low

N-Low

Nil

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

Nil

N-Low

Nil

N-Low

N-Low

Nil

N-Low

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

N-Mod
Nil

N-Low
Nil

Nil
Nil

Nil
Nil

N-Low
Nil

Nil
Nil

N-Low
Nil

N-Mod
Nil

N-Mod
Nil

N-Low
Nil

Nil
Nil

Nil
Nil

Nil
Nil

N-Low
N-Low

N-Low
N-Low

N-Low
N-Low

N-Low
N-Low

N-Mod
N-Mod

N-Mod
N-Mod

N-low
N-low

Nil

Nil

Nil

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Mod

N-Mod

N-low

Construction of erosion
Nil
control structures
Asphalt works: production,
Nil
transport, filling
Culverts, bridges
Nil
construction
Land Scaping
Streetlighting provision
III. Operation & Maintenance
Preventive soil erosion
Nil
measures: planting grass
and shrubs
Maintenance of drainage
Nil
systems
Road patching
Nil
Maintenance of road
Nil
signage
Pay toll
Nil
facilities&management
Commercial facilities impact Nil
IV. Decommissioning
Old road sections
Nil
Reclamation of quarries and Nil
excess material landfills
Abandonment of excavated N-Low
road material
Abandonment of old asphalt N-Low
and concrete materials

P-Mod

Nil

Nil

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Mod

N-Mod

N-low

P-Mod

P-Mod

Nil

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Mod

N-Mod

N-low

Nil

Nil

Nil

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Mod

N-Mod

N-low

P-Mod

P-Mod

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

P-Mod

Nil

P-Mod

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

P-Low

Nil

P-Low

Nil

Nil

P-Low

Nil
P-Low

Nil
Nil

Nil
Nil

Nil
Nil

N-Low
Nil

Nil
Nil

N-Low
Nil

N-Low
P-Low

N-Low
Nil

N-Low
P-Low

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

N-low

Nil

Nil

Nil

N-Mod

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Low

N-Mod

N-Mod

N-Mod

Nil
P-Low

Nil
Nil

Nil
Nil

Nil
Nil

Nil
Nil

Nil
Nil

Nil
Nil

Nil
N-Low

Nil
Nil

Nil
Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

N-Low

Nil

N-Low

N-Low

N-low

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

N-Low

Nil

N-Low

N-Low

N-low

Nil

8.6 Screening Study Findings

Overall the environmental impact due the proposed road construction may not be
considerably high. TSP levels in the vicinity of the construction site may exceeds the
prescribed limits. Similarly the noise level may be increased. Impact on the surface water
and ground water may be low. The major impact is expected to be during the construction
period only. A proper environmental monitoring and management plan is required to be
delineated to minimize the environmental impacts even during construction stage

Chapter - 9
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

The scope of present environmental impact study includes delineation of

Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP). An EMMP is a
document prepared for provide the guidelines and ready reference for all the
measures that are required for environmental protection, which will include the
mitigation measures and the monitoring plan. The aim of an environmental
management plan is to avoid or minimise impacts due to project implementation
and where possible, enhance beneficial effects.
The most immediate measures to protect the environmental degradation
in the region are to conserve the existing forest, rivers and water bodies in the
region. The region has some of the major large heavy industries (steel and
cement) of India. They are the major polluting industries identified by CPCB.
Thus, the environmental guidelines have to be strictly implemented and regular
monitoring to be done in the surrounding area.

9.1 Institutional Mechanism

Any developmental activity needs clearances from various state
government offices like the pollution control board, ground water board, forestry
department, and other departments like public health department, etc. depending
on the nature of the projects. The project costs will be deciding factor whether the
project should be cleared from the Central Ministry or the State Ministry. Project
and project area will be under the purview of water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act 1974; Air (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act 1981, the
Environment Protection Act 1986 via State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB)
newly established for Chhattisgarh to implement and enforce the national
standards for effluents, water quality, ambient air quality and ambient noise level.
Further, the project will be within the guidelines purview of CPCB formulated for
municipal waste generation as Municipal waste (Management and Handling)

Rules 1999; Hospital Waste Generation as Bio-medical Waste (Management and

Handling) Rules 1998.

9.2 Environmental Management Plan

The detail environmental impacts on land, soil, surface water, ground
water, air environment and impact of noise has been identified. Mitigation
measures for all these impacts has been detailed and action for implementation
is suggested in environmental management plan. The detail EMP is delineated in
Table 9.1 and 9.2 for planning & design and construction & operation phases
respectively.

Table 9.1: Impact identification and management plan during planning and design phase
Impact

Mitigation Measure

Implementation
action

Implementation
Period

Implementing
Authority

Phase 1: Project Planning & Design

Planning stage impact Site
selection
for selection
criteria Project planning
could be due to disposal and road should be delineated
selection paths for alignment should be in the planning report
road
alignment, done
considering
selection of disposal environmental
site locations on water aspects
bodies, vegetation
Table 9.2: Impact identification and management plan during construction, operation and decommissioning
phases
Impact

Mitigation Measure

A) Impact on agricultural land and soil

After clearing of top
The rainy season
soil, exposed soil is
may be avoided
prone to erosion by
for clearing of top
water or wind
soil

Protection
of
exposed soil by
plantation
of
grass.

Implementation
action

Implementation
Period

The
schedule
of Tendering process
construction to be
followed
by
contractors should be
mentioned during call
for
tenders.
Also
condition
for
protection of exposed
soil may be mention in
tender document

Implementing
Authority

All
materials
with
potential
to
contaminate the soil,
such as fuels, metals
etc. should be stored
properly
Disposal
of
such
materials should be
done
following
prescribed procedures
Removal of soil or
The sites for clearing
stockpiling could lead of soil shall be
to slope stability
selected considering
problems
the
minimum
requirement of soil
removal
Compaction of soil Access roads to be
due to movement of defined
vehicles
during Use of vehicles with
construction work
proper loading
Soil
contamination
due
to
improper
storage of materials
and
disposal
of
materials

Abandonment
of
excavated
road
material, old asphalt
and concrete material

The storage methods Construction period

will be defined by the
authorities and regular
inspection
to
be
conducted

Site selection based Construction phase

on
slope
stability Tendering process
issues to be approved
by the authorities

Planning of access Construction phase

roads and sites for
activates such as
asphalt production etc
to be well defined to
minimize the impact

The materials shall be

used for filling the pits
in the area and
excess materials to be
disposed in landfills
Soil contamination by Proper maintenance
Transport
authority Operation
and
spillage of fuels from of vehicles and
rules for regulation of maintenance period
vehicles or equipment equipment
vehicular traffic to be

used
Erosion
of
Soil Regular maintenance
besides
drainage of the drainage
channels and culverts systems and culverts

implemented
Mitigation measures Tendering process
must be the part of Operation phase
tender document
Periodic inspection of
drainage system and
culverts
by
the
authorities

B) Impact on water quality and quantity

Surface water quality
Sides
of
the

may be affected by
drainage system
siltation
of
water
shall
be
well
courses from removed
constructed using
soil and erosion of
stones
and
sides of drainage
protected
with

channels
planting grass.

Wherever
possible silt traps
to be provided to
avoid siltation of
water courses

Drainage systems
final
discharge
shall
be
into
settlement basin
to create water
sources
for
livestock etc.
Effect of quantity of
The water usage


surface
water
to be kept at

Mitigation
Construction phase
measures to be
provided should be
delineated
in
tender document
Regular testing of
drainage system

Mitigation
measures

to

Construction phase,
be Tender processing,

availability due to over

usage by the project
activities

Impact on ground
water quality due to
unhygienic
sanitary
practices

Over exploitation of
ground water from dip
water sources could
lead to increased
fluoride/
arsenic
concentrations

minimum required
and with
permission of
local concern
authorities
Planning of water
usage to avoid
periods of water
scarcity
Proper hygienic


conditions to be
maintained for
construction
workers
Awareness of
workers to be
improved to follow
the proper
standards

provided should be Operation phase

delineated
in
tender document

As far as possible

for human
consumption


purpose surface
water, dug well
water to be used
Exploitation of
ground water to
be avoided
Recharging of
water table should

Water requirement Construction period,

to be planned
tender process,
Mitigation
Operation phase
measures to be
provided should be
delineated
in
tender document

Construction phase,
Mitigation
measures to be Tender processing
provided should be
delineated
in
tender document

be targeted by
water harvesting
C) Impact on Air Quality
Excavation,


movement of vehicles
and erosion of soil by
wind will increase the
suspended particulate
mater in the air

Diesel vehicles and

construction
equipment
exhaust
may cause the air
pollution

Poor disposal and

sanatory practices
may result in
objectionable odors

Access roads for
construction site
may be watered
and compacted to
avoid excess road
dust


Erosion of
exposed soil to be
avoided by
plantation of
grass

Pollution under
control checks on
vehicles in the
construction area
shall be
mandatory

Regular
maintenance of
construction
equipment and
usage of proper
fuel.
Disposal of waste to
managed carefully to
avoid objectionable
odors

Construction,
Mitigation
measures to be operation
and
provided should be decommissioning
delineated
in
tender document
Air quality standars
may be specified

Local
road Construction,
transport authority operation and
rules
to
be Tender process
implemented
Regular
mentenance
of
construction
equipment to be a
condition in tender
document.

Mitigation measures
to be provided should
be
delineated
in
tender document

D) Impacts of Noise
Use of construction
equipment will cause
vibrations and noise
during
construction
activities

Noise from increased

traffic in the area

Noise related
regulations to be
followed
Machinery to be
used particulary in
day time only to
avoid impact of
noise during
night.
Implementation of
noise mitigation
measures
Traffic regulations

E) Impacts on socio-economic ennvironment

Increased economic
Exploitation of
activity is envisaged
natural resources
which will result in
inclusing water to
increased population
be avoided
density and burden on
Town planning
natural resources
department shall
take initiatives for
planned
development of
area
Increased
vehicular
Porvision of
traffic may result in
speed limits and
reduced road safety.
sign boards

Road rossing

Schedule of activites Construction period

to
be
prepared
addressing minimum
impact of noise

Mitigation measures Operation period

to be provided should
be
delineated
in
tender document

The
mitigation Operation period,
measures may be Construction period
separately delineated
for this impact

Mitigation measures Construction

and
to be provided should operation periods
be
delineated
in
tender document

facilities on busy
raods for
pedestrians
F) Impacts on Cultural and Historic Sites
No significant impact Not applicable
is envisages

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Chapter - 10
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

10

10.1 Conclusions
The proposed project in Naya Raipur for construction of expressway of
100 m ROW, road with 100 m and 60 m ROW will involve several maijor activites
related to construction. Considering the findings of Environmental Impact Study
the proposed project is envisaged to have a number of impacts on environment.
Since most of the activities which will have larger impacts on the environment are
during construction period. Therefore the advers impacts will be limited to the
construction phase. The only exception would be the impact of increased trafiic
on air environment and noise. Proper mitigation measures within exsting
regulatory framework will limit these impacts.

10.2 Recommendations
This environmetal impact study delineates the EMMP for mitigation of the
envrionmetal impacts. it is expected that the EMMP will be followed during
various phases of the project. While evaluating the project alternatives it is very
clear that the construction alternative outweighs the no-action alternative when
considerd the socio-economic development of the area expected due to project.
The project is therefore recommended for implementation with proper
implementation of EMMP.

ANNEXURE-1:

RELEVANT INDIAN STANDARDS

Table-A.1.1 Tolerance Limits for Inland Surface Waters (as per IS:2296)
SN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.

Parameter and Unit

Colour (Hazen Units)
Odour
Taste
pH (max) (min:6.5)
o
Conductivity (25 C) (mhos/cm)
DO (mg/L)(min)
BOD (3 days at 27oC) (mg/L)
Total Coliforms (MPN/100 mL)
TDS (mg/L)
Oil and Grease (mg/L)
Mineral Oil (mg/L)
Free Carbon Dioxide (mg/L
CO2)
Free Ammonia (mg/L as N)
Cyanide (mg/L as CN)
Phenol (mg/L C 6H5OH)
Total Hardness (mg/L as
CaCO3)
Chloride (mg/L as Cl)
Sulphate (mg/L as SO4)
Nitrate (mg/L as NO3)
Fluoride (mg/L as F)
Calcium (mg/L as Ca)
Magnesium (mg/L as Mg)
Copper (mg/L as Cu)
Iron (mg/L as Fe)
Manganese (mg/L as Mn)
Zinc (mg/L as Zn)
Boron (mg/L as B)
Barium (mg/L as Ba)
Silver (mg/L as Ag)
Arsenic (mg/L as As)
Mercury (mg/L as Hg)
Lead (mg/L as Pb)
Cadmium (mg/L as Cd)
Chromium (VI) (mg/L as Cr)
Selenium (mg/L as Se)
Anionic Detergents (mg/L
MBAS)
PAH (mg/L)
Pesticides (g/L)
Insecticides (mg/L)
Alpha Emitters (10-6c/mL)
-6
Beta Emitters (10 c/mL)
Percent Sodium (%)
Sodium Absorption Ratio

Class-A
10
Unobject
Tasteless
8.5
6
2
50
500
0.01
-

Class-B
300
8.5
5
3
500
-

Class-C
300
8.5
4
3
5000
1500
0.1
-

Class-D
8.5
1000
4
0.1
6

Class-E
8.5
2250
2100
-

0.05
0.002
300

0.05
0.005
-

0.05
0.005
-

1.2
-

250
400
20
1.5
80
24.4
1.5
0.3
0.5
15
1
0.05
0.05
0.001
0.1
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.2

1.5
0.2
0.05
1

600
400
50
1.5
1.5
50
15
0.2
0.1
0.01
0.05
0.05
1

600
1000
2
-

0.2
Absent
0.001
0.01
-

0.001
0.01
-

Absent
0.001
0.01
-

0.001
0.01
-

0.001
0.01
60
26

Class-A:
Class-B:
Class-C:
Class-D:
Class-E:

Drinking water source without conventional treatment but after disinfection.

Outdoor bathing.
Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfection.
Fish culture and wild life propagation.
Irrigation, industrial cooling and controlled waste disposal.

Table-A.1.2 Drinking Water Quality Standards (as per IS:10500)

Sl.
No.

Parameter and Unit

Desirable Limit

Colour (Hazen units)

Odour
Taste
Turbidity (NTU)
pH
Total Coliforms (MPN/100 mL)
Pathogenic Organisms or Virus
TDS (mg/L)
Mineral Oil (mg/L)
Free Residual Chlorine (mg/L)
Cyanide (mg/L as CN)
Phenol (mg/L C 6H5OH)
Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3)
Total Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3)
Chloride (mg/L as Cl)
Sulphate (mg/L as SO4)
Nitrate (mg/L as NO3)
Fluoride (mg/L as F)
Calcium (mg/L as Ca)
Magnesium (mg/L as Mg)
Copper (mg/L as Cu)
Iron (mg/L as Fe)
Manganese (mg/L as Mn)
Zinc (mg/L as Zn)
Boron (mg/L as B)
Aluminium (mg/L as AL)
Arsenic (mg/L as As)
Mercury (mg/L as Hg)
Lead (mg/L as Pb)
Cadmium (mg/L as Cd)
Chromium (VI) (mg/L as Cr)
Selenium (mg/L as Se)
Anionic Detergents (mg/L MBAS)
PAH (mg/L)
Pesticides (g/L)
-6
Alpha Emitters (10 c/mL)
-6
Beta Emitters (10 c/mL)

5
Unobjectionable
Agreeable
5
5-8.5
nil
nil
500
0.01
0.2
0.05
0.001
300
200
250
200
45
1
75
30
0.05
0.3
0.1
5
1
0.03
0.05
0.001
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.01
0.2
nil
Absent
nil
nil

Permissible
Limit
in Absence of
Alternate
Source
25
10
No relaxation
2000
0.03
No relaxation
0.002
600
600
1000
400
100
1.5
200
100
1.5
1
0.3
15
5
0.2
No relaxation
No relaxation
No relaxation
No relaxation
No relaxation
No relaxation
1
0.001
0.0001
0.001

Table-A.1.3 General Standards for Discharge of Effluents

[as per Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986]
Sl.
No.

Parameter and Unit

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.

Temperature (oC)
Colour and Odour
pH
BOD (3 days at 27 oC) (mg/L)
COD (mg/L)
Bio-assey (% 96-hrs Survival)
TSS (mg/L)
SS Particlesize(pass IS Sieve)
Oil and Grease (mg/L)
Total Residual Chlorine (mg/L)
Nitrate Nitrogen (mg/L as N)
Ammonia Nitrogen (mg/L N)
Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L as N)
Free Ammonia (mg/L as N)
Cyanide (mg/L as CN)
Phenol (mg/L C6H5OH)
Fluoride (mg/L as F)
Sulphide (mg/L as S)
Dissolved Phosphate (mg/L P)
Copper (mg/L as Cu)
Iron (mg/L as Fe)
Manganese (mg/L as Mn)
Zinc (mg/L as Zn)
Nickel (mg/L as Ni)
Vanadium (mg/L as V)
Arsenic (mg/L as As)
Mercury (mg/L as Hg)
Lead (mg/L as Pb)
Cadmium (mg/L as Cd)
Chromium (VI) (mg/L as Cr)
Chromium (Total) (mg/L as Cr)
Selenium (mg/L as Se)
-6
Alpha Emitters (10 c/mL)
-6
Beta Emitters (10 c/mL)

#
$
@
*
&

Inland
Surface
Water
#
$
5.5-9.0
30
250
@
100
850
10
1
10
50
100
5
0.2
1
2
2
5
3
3
2
5
3
0.2
0.2
0.01
0.1
2
0.1
2
0.05
0.1
1

Public
Sewers
5.5-9.0
350
@
600
20
50
2
5
15
3
3
2
15
3
0.2
0.2
0.01
1
1
2
2
0.05
0.1
1

Land for
Irrigatio
n
$
5.5-9.0
100
@
200
10
0.2
0.2
0.01
0.1

Marine
Coastal
Water
#
$
5.5-9.0
100
250
@
100*
&
20
1
20
50
100
5
0.2
5
15
5
3
3
2
15
5
0.2
0.2
0.01
1
2
1
2
0.05
0.1
1

Shall not exceed 5 C above the receiving water temperature.

All efforts should be made to remove colour and unpleasant odour as far as practicable.
90% survival of fish after 96 hours in 100% effluent.
For cooling water effluent 10% above TSS of influent.
(a) Floatable solids 3 mm, (b) Settleable solids 850 micron.

Table-A.1.4 General Emission Standards

[as per Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986]
I.

Concentration Based Standards

SN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
II.

Parameter
Particulate Matter (PM)
Total Fluoride
Asbestos
Mercury
Chlorine
Hydrochloric acid vapour and mist
Sulphuric acid mist
Carbon Monoxide
Lead

Standard (mg/Nm )
150
25
Fibres: 4 nos/cc, Dust: 2 mg/Nm 3
0.2
15
35
50
1% max (v/v)
10

Equipment Based Standards

(For dispersal of sulphur dioxide, minimum stack height limit is accordingly prescribed
below)

Power Generation
Capacity (MW)
500
200/210 and < 500
< 200/210

Note:
kg/hr

Steam Generation
Capacity (T/h)

Coal Consumption
(MT/day)

<2
2 to 5
5 to 10
10 to 15
15 to 20
20 to 25
25 to 30
> 30

< 8.5
8.5 to 21
21 to 42
42 to 64
64 to 84
84 to 105
105 to 126
> 126

H = Physical height of the stack in metre,

Minimum Stack
Height Limit (m)
275
220
0.3
H = 14 Q
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30 or using H = 14
Q0.3
Q = Emission rate of SO2 in

Table-A.1.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standards

[as per Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986]
Pollutant
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen (as NO2)
Suspended Particulate Matter
(SPM)

Time
Wieghted
Average
Annual*
24 Hours**
Annual*
24 Hours**
Annual*
24 Hours**

Industrial
Area

Residential, Rural
and Other Areas

Sensitive
Area

80
120
80
120
360
500

60
80
60
80
140
200

15
30
15
30
70
100

Pollutant

Time
Industrial
Residential, Rural Sensitive
Wieghted
Area
and Other Areas
Area
Average
Respirable Particulate Matter
Annual*
120
60
50
24 Hours**
150
100
75
(RPM) (size less than 10 m)
Lead (Pb)
Annual*
1
0.75
0.5
24 Hours**
1.5
1
0.75
Ammonia
Annual*
100
100
100
24 Hours**
400
400
400
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
8 Hours**
5000
2000
1000
1 Hour
10000
4000
2000
* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24hourly at uniform interval.
** 24-hourly/8-hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time,
it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

Table-A.1.6 Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise

[as per Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000]
Limits in dB(A) Leq*
Area
Category of Area
Code
Day Time
Night Time
A
Industrial Area
75
70
B
Commercial Area
65
55
C
Residential Area
55
45
D
Silence Zone
50
40
Notes: 1.
Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.
2.
Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.
3. Silence zone is defined as an area comprising not less than 100 metres around
hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are zones which are
declared as such by the competent authority.
4. Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above mentioned
categories by the competent authority.
*

dB(A) Leq denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on
scale A which is relatable to human hearing.

Table-A.1.7 Permissible Exposure Levels of Impulse or Impact Noise for

Work Zone Area
[as per Model Rules of Factories Act, 1948]
Peak Sound Pressure Level in dB
Permitted Number of Impulses or Impacts/day
140
100
135
315
130
1,000
125
3,160
120
10,000
Notes: 1.
No exposure in excess of 140 dB peak sound pressure level is permitted.
2. For any peak sound pressure level falling in between any figure and the next higher
or lower figure as indicated in column 1, the permitted number of impulses or impacts
per day is to be determined by extrapolation on a proportionate basis.

Table-A.1.8 Permissible Exposure in Case of Continuous Noise for Work

Zone Area
[as per Model Rules of Factories Act, 1948]
Total Time of Exposure (continuous or a number of
Permissible Sound Pressure
short term exposures) per day, in hr
Level in dB(A)
8
90
6
92
4
95
3
97
2
100
1
102
1&1/2
105
1/2
107
1/4
110
1/8
115
Notes: 1.
No exposure in excess of 115 dB(A) is to be permitted.
2. For any period of exposure falling in between any figure and the next higher or lower figure
as indicated in column 1, the permissible sound pressure level is to be determined by
extrapolation on a proportionate basis.

Table-A.1.9 General Effluent Discharge Standards

Sl. Parameter
No.
1
2

Suspended Solids mg/l Max

Particular Size of Suspended solid

3
4

Ph Value
Temperature

5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Oil and Grease mg/l, Max

Total residual chlorine mg/l, Max
Ammonical Nitrogen (as N), mg/l, Max
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as NH3), mg/l, Max
Free Ammonia (as NH3), mg/l, Max
Biochemical Oxygen demand, mg/l, Max
Chemical Oxygen demand, mg/l, Max
Arsenic (as As), mg/l, Max
Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, Max
Lead (as Pb), mg/l, Max
Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max
Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr+6), mg/l, Max
Total Chromium(as Cr), mg/l, Max
Copper (as Cu), mg/l, Max
Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, Max

Inland
Surface
Water
100
Shall pass
850 micron
IS sieve
5.5-9.0
Shall not
exceed 5C
above the
receiving
water
temperature
10
1
50
100
5
30
250
0.2
0.01
0.1
2
0.1
2
3
5

Public
Sewers

Land for
irrigation

600
_

200
_

5.5-9.0
_

5.5-9.0
_

20
50
350
0.2
0.01
1
1
2
2

10
100
0.2
-

Sl. Parameter
No.
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

29
30
31
32

Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max

Nickel (as Ni), mg/l, Max
Cyanide (as CN), mg/l, Max
Fluoride (as F), mg/l, Max
Dissolved Phosphates (as P), mg/l, Max
Sulphide (as S), mg/l, Max
Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH), mg/l, Max
Radioactive Materials
a) Alpha emitter micro curie/ml
b) Beta emitter micro curie/ml
Manganese (as Mn), mg/l, Max
Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max
Vanadium (as V), mg/l, Max
Nitrate Nitrogen, mg/l, Max

Inland
Surface
Water
0.05
3
0.2
2
5
2
1

Public
Sewers

10 -7
10 -6
2
3
0.2
10

10 -7
10 -6
2
3
0.2
-

Land for
irrigation
0.2
10 -8
10 -7
-

Diesel Generator Sets: Stack Height

For more than 800 KW generator set:
th

As per the notification, Dated 9 July 2002, G.S.R. 489(E) for more than 800 KW generator set,
stack height shall be maximum of following:
0.3

1) 14 * Q , Where Q = Total SO2 emission from the plant in kg/hr

2) Minimum 6m above the building where generator set is installed
3) 30 m
Other cases:
The minimum height of stack to be provided with each generator set can be worked out using the
following formula:
H = h + 0.2 * KVA
H= Total height of stack in meter
h =Height of the building in meters where the generator set is installed
KVA = Total generator capacity of the set in KVA
Based on the above formula the minimum stack height to be provided with different range of
generator sets may be categorized as follows. Similarly for higher KVA ratings a stack height can
be worked out using the above formula.
For generator sets

Total height of stack in meter

50 KVA
50-100 KVA
100-150 KVA
150-200 KVA
200-250 KVA
250-300 KVA

Ht of the building + 1.5 meter

Ht of the building + 2.0 meter
Ht of the building + 2.5 meter
Ht of the building + 3.0 meter
Ht of the building + 3.5 meter
Ht of the building + 3.5 meter

Source: Evolved By C.P.C.B [Emission Regulations Part IV: COINDS/26/1986-87]

Standards & Guidelines for Control of Noise Pollution from

Stationary Diesel Generator (DG) sets
As per EP Rules, 1986 & its amendments:
(A) Noise Standards for DG Sets (15-500 KVA)
1. The total sound pressure level, Lw, of a DG set should be less than, 94+10 log10 (KVA),
dB(A), at the manufacturing stage , where , KVA is the nominal power rating of a DG set .
2. This level should fall by 5 dB(A) every five years , till 2007 , i.e. in 2002 & then in 2007.
(B) Mandatory acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of room for stationary DG sets (5 KVA &
above)
1. Noise from DG set should be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by treating
the room acoustically.
2. The acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment of the room should be designed for minimum
25 dB(A) Insertion loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, whichever is on the
higher side (if the actual ambient noise is on the higher side, it may not be possible to
check the performance of the acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment. Under such
circumstances the performance may be checked for noise reduction up to actual ambient
noise level, preferably, in the night time).The measurement for Insertion loss may be
done at different points at 0.5 m from the acoustic enclosure/room, and then averaged.
3. The DG set should also be provided with proper exhaust muffler with insertion loss of
minimum 25 dB(A).
(C) Guidelines for the manufactures/users of DG sets (5 KVA & above)

1. The manufacturer should offer to the user a standard acoustic enclosure

of 25 dB(A) insertion loss & also a suitable exhaust muffler, with
insertion loss of 25 dB(A)
2. The user should make efforts to bring down the noise level s due to the
DG set, outside his premises, within the ambient noise requirements by
proper siting & control measures.
3. The manufacturer should furnish noise power levels of the unlicensed DG sets as per
standards prescribed under (A).
4. The total sound pressure level of a DG set, at the users end, shall be within 2 dB(A) of the
total sound pressure level of the DG set, at the manufacturing stage as prescribed under (A).
5. Installation of a DG set must be strictly in compliance with the recommendations of the DG set
manufacturer.
6. A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set and
followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent noise levels of
the DG set from deteriorating with use.

Noise Limit for Generator sets run with Diesel:

1) Noise limit for Diesel generator sets (up to 1000 KVA) manufactured on or after the 1st
July, 2004.
The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator (DG) sets with rated
st
capacity up to 1000 KVA, manufactured on or after the 1 July, 2004 shall be 75 dB(A) at 1
meter from the enclosure surface. The diesel generator sets should be provided with integral
acoustic enclosure at the manufacturing stage itself. The implementation of noise limits for
these diesel generator sets shall be regulated as given in the paragraph below.
2) Noise limit for DG sets not covered by paragraph 1.
Noise limit for diesel generator sets not covered by paragraph 1, shall be as follows:

Noise from DG set shall be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure or by treating

the room acoustically, at the users end.

The acoustic enclosure or acoustic treatment of the room shall be designed for minimum
25 dB(A) insertion loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards, whichever is on the
higher side (if the actual ambient noise is on the higher side, it may not be possible to
check the performance of the acoustic enclosure/acoustic treatment. Under such
circumstances the
Performance may be checked for noise reduction up to actual ambient noise level
preferably in the night time). The measurement for insertion loss may be done at different
points at 0.5 m from the acoustic enclosure/room, and then averaged.

The DG set shall be provided with proper exhaust muffler with insertion loss of minimum
25 dB(A).

ANNEXURE-2:WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS

Table A.2.1: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results
Sl.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.

Parameter and Unit

Location Code
SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7
22
21
22
24
24
23
24
Temperature (C)
Odour
Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj
Taste
Turbidity (NTU)
12
8
14
10 10.5
20
12
pH
6.8
7.4
7.1
7.1
7.4
7
7
Conductivity (mhos/cm)
228 210 726 179 225
307 567
DO (mg/L)
5.5
6.5
4.8
5
6
4.8
6
3
2.5
3.5
4.2
3
4
3.5
BOD (3 days at 27C) (mg/L)
COD (mg/L)
8.1
7
9.3 11.5
8.6 10.5
8.4
Total Coliforms (MPN/100
1420 1220 1610 1200 1120 1110 1610
mL)
TSS (mg/L)
22
16
28
24
18
32
20
TDS (mg/L)
168 134 465 109 148
200 362
Oil and Grease (mg/L)
BDL BDL
0.2 0.25 BDL BDL BDL
Free Ammonia (mg/L as
1.5
1
1.2
1.8
2.1 1.35 0.75
NH3)
Cyanide (mg/L as CN)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Phenol (mg/L as C6H5OH)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Total Hardness (mg/L as
36 75.5 170 55.5 41.6 83.8 102
CaCO3)
Total Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3) 42.5 46.9 161 27.3
52 75.7 115
Chloride (mg/L as Cl)
21
25
95
26 18.3 30.2 72.9
Sulphate (mg/L as SO4)
10.5
12
26 13.5
20 18.5
32
Nitrate (mg/L as NO3)
2 1.45
3.5 1.85
2.5
2.1
2.7
Phosphate (mg/L as PO4)
0.5 0.85
1.2 0.62
1.2
0.5 1.75
Fluoride (mg/L as F)
0.85
1 0.53 0.72 1.35 0.83
1.1
Sodium (mg/L as Na)
11
7
50
4
26
22
58
Potassium (mg/L as K)
8
4
36
12
2
6
20
Calcium (mg/L as Ca)
12
22
44 13.5
15 21.2
30
Magnesium (mg/L as Mg)
5
5 14.6
5.3
1
7.5
6.5
Iron (mg/L as Fe)
BDL 0.35 0.53 0.26 0.35 0.42 0.63
Zinc (mg/L as Zn)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Boron (mg/L as B)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Arsenic (mg/L as As)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Mercury (mg/L as Hg)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Lead (mg/L as Pb)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Cadmium (mg/L as Cd)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Chromium (VI) (mg/L as Cr)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Chromium (mg/L as Cr)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Selenium (mg/L as Se)
BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
Percent Sodium (%)
28.3 15.9 33.5 10.9 56.2 34.4 49.8
Sodium Absorption Ratio
0.673 0.35 1.67 0.234 1.75 1.05
2.5

Unobj: Unobjectionable
during January 2007

Source: On-site Monitoring

TableA.2.2: Surface Water Quality Monitoring Results

Sl.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.

Parameter and Unit

Temperature (C)
Odour
Taste
Turbidity (NTU)
pH
Conductivity (mhos/cm)
DO (mg/L)
BOD (3 days at 27C) (mg/L)
COD (mg/L)
Total Coliforms (MPN/100 mL)
TSS (mg/L)
TDS (mg/L)
Oil and Grease (mg/L)
Free Ammonia (mg/L as NH3)
Cyanide (mg/L as CN)
Phenol (mg/L as C6H 5OH)
Total Hardness (mg/L as
CaCO3)
Total Alkalinity (mg/L CaCO 3)
Chloride (mg/L as Cl)
Sulphate (mg/L as SO4)
Nitrate (mg/L as NO3)
Phosphate (mg/L as PO4)
Fluoride (mg/L as F)
Sodium (mg/L as Na)
Potassium (mg/L as K)
Calcium (mg/L as Ca)
Magnesium (mg/L as Mg)
Iron (mg/L as Fe)
Zinc (mg/L as Zn)
Boron (mg/L as B)
Arsenic (mg/L as As)
Mercury (mg/L as Hg)
Lead (mg/L as Pb)
Cadmium (mg/L as Cd)
Chromium (VI) (mg/L as Cr)
Chromium (mg/L as Cr)
Selenium (mg/L as Se)

Location Code
SW8
SW9 SW10 SW11 SW12 SW13
23.5
24
24
23
23.5
25
Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj
8
8
7
7
10
10
7.2
7.8
7.5
7
7.8
7.3
551
114
239
909
245
313
5.4
7
6.8
5
5.5
6.4
4
2
2.5
4.2
2.8
2.5
11.1
5.4
7.4
12.5
9.3
10.1
2050
820 1540 2410 1800 1650
16
BDL
10
16.4
22.4
16
363
67.4
149
603
164
207
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
1.8
0.5
BDL
0.85
1.6
0.8
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
36.4
63.9
187
56.3
64.2
121
140
54.5
25
3.5
2.1
1.7
42
26
30.4
11
1.2
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

15
20.8
8
0.35
BDL
BDL
7
1
8
4
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

44.7
36
12
1.3
0.6
1.2
19
3
20
3.4
0.33
0.32
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

210
106
44
3.3
1.8
1.3
65
63
50
15
0.85
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

65
17.1
18.5
1.8
0.85
1.1
22
4.5
17.6
3
0.5
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

71.9
21.9
32.5
3.2
2.1
1.4
31
6
22.4
2
0.2
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL

38.
39.

Percent Sodium (% )
Sodium Absorption Ratio

37.2
28.8
1.66 0.504

37.9
1.03

34.6
2.07

Unobj: Unobjectionable
Monitoring during January 2007

43.6
1.28

48.4
1.68

Source: On-site

Table-A.2.3 Ground Water Quality Monitoring Results

Sl Parameter and Unit

No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

Temperature (C)
Odour
Taste
Turbidity (NTU)
pH
Conductivity (mhos/cm)
TSS (mg/L)
TDS (mg/L)
Cyanide (mg/L as CN)
Phenol (mg/L as C6H5OH)
Total Hardness (mg/L as
CaCO3)
Total Alkalinity (mg/L
CaCO3)
Chloride (mg/L as Cl)
Sulphate (mg/L as SO4)
Nitrate (mg/L as NO3)
Phosphate (mg/L as PO4)
Fluoride (mg/L as F)
Sodium (mg/L as Na)
Potassium (mg/L as K)
Calcium (mg/L as Ca)
Magnesium (mg/L as Mg)
Iron (mg/L as Fe)
Zinc (mg/L as Zn)
Boron (mg/L as B)
Arsenic (mg/L as As)
Mercury (mg/L as Hg)
Lead (mg/L as Pb)
Cadmium (mg/L as Cd)
Chromium (VI) (mg/L as Cr)
Chromium (mg/L as Cr)
Selenium (mg/L as Se)
Percent Sodium (% )
Sodium Absorption Ratio

Location Code
GW1
GW2
GW3
GW4
GW5
GW6
GW7
GW8
25
24
26
26
24
24
25.5
24
Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj Unobj
Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
7.8
7.6
7.6
7.4
7.8
7.4
7.8
7.4
637
449
370
409
518
268
464
574
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
403
297
239
271
341
172
311
386
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
214
160
131
160
176
81.8
170
210
140

131

90.8

121

144

66.5

142

176

85
32
BDL
BDL
0.8
36
1
67
11.3
0.35
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
26.7
1.07

39
22
0.5
BDL
1.15
22
1
36
17
0.5
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
22.9
0.757

42
18.5
0.22
BDL
1
18
BDL
44
5
0.25
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
23.1
0.686

36
15.5
0.3
BDL
0.85
12
1.5
50
8.5
0.75
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
13.9
0.413

46
28
0.75
BDL
1.2
28
2
44
16
0.75
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
25.5
0.919

28
20
BDL
BDL
1
20
1
4
17.5
0.4
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
34.3
0.961

35
21.1
BDL
BDL
1.15
19
2
48
12.1
0.3
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
19.4
0.635

39
30.5
1.1
BDL
1.25
24
1.5
60
14.6
0.54
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
19.8
0.721

Unobj: Unobjectionable
Monitoring during January 2007

Source: On-site

ANNEXURE-3:

METEROLOGICAL DATA

WM3DEL2012061130
163
3220/12/0612:0004/01/0710:00 1
HDR
;
;*********************************************************
;
WM300 Data
;*********************************************************
;
; Start date - 17/12/06
; Start time - 12.00
;
;
; Date
Time
Dir(deg)
Spd(Km/H) Temp(c ) Humdty(%)
17/12/06
12.00
111.4
3.4
25.4
46.4
17/12/06
13.00
116.1
4.2
26.8
44.1
17/12/06
14.00
95.0
3.1
27.5
42.3
17/12/06
15.00
87.1
2.5
27.3
41.0
17/12/06
16.00
110.0
1.8
26.4
42.5
17/12/06
17.00
46.4
0.9
25.1
45.6
17/12/06
18.00
36.5
0.5
24.0
48.3
17/12/06
19.00
30.2
1.3
22.5
52.5
17/12/06
20.00
26.4
2.5
20.9
55.4

Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart
; Start Date-17/12/06
; Start Time-20.44
17/12/06
22.00
36.6
17/12/06
23.00
42.1
18/12/06
00.00
53.4
18/12/06
01.00
65.1
18/12/06
02.00
86.4
18/12/06
03.00
76.1
18/12/06
04.00
38.5
18/12/06
05.00
42.1
18/12/06
06.00
51.5
18/12/06
07.00
76.4
18/12/06
08.00
82.4
18/12/06
09.00
79.1
18/12/06
10.00
88.3
18/12/06
11.00
92.1
18/12/06
12.00
110.1
18/12/06
13.00
107.4
18/12/06
14.00
89.3
18/12/06
15.00
93.4
18/12/06
16.00
86.3

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

1.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.7
1.2
1.0
2.5
3.3
2.3
3.5
4.1
5.2
4.7
3.5
2.8

18.4
17.1
16.5
15.1
14.5
14.7
15.0
15.8
16.7
17.3
19.7
21.7
22.4
23.0
24.8
26.1
26.8
27.2
26.0

60.4
62.1
65.4
67.1
69.6
70.1
70.9
70.8
71.1
68.4
59.5
56.8
52.4
49.1
45.4
42.6
41.5
41.6
41.0

1.2
2.3

22.5
20.1

46.4
51.1

; System Restart
; Start Date-18/12/06
; Start Time-17.22
18/12/06
18/12/06

18.00
19.00

73.4
52.1

0.0
0.0

18/12/06
18/12/06
18/12/06
18/12/06
19/12/06

20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
00.00

42.5
38.1
29.4
27.1
32.4

3.2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.5

18.3
17.8
16.5
15.5
14.3

53.4
57.0
60.5
62.5
65.3

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Spd(Km/H)
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.2
3.5
4.4
3.3
2.8
3.9
2.5

Temp(c )Humdty(%)
13.1
70.5
12.9
72.8
12.5
73.1
12.0
73.0
13.1
69.3
17.5
62.8
19.1
60.6
20.2
55.1
21.1
51.4
23.5
47.3
24.1
43.2
25.8
41.4
26.5
40.3
27.1
39.5
26.0
39.8

Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart
; Start Date-19/12/06
; Start Time-01.12
; Date
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06

Time
02.00
03.00
04.00
05.00
06.00
07.00
08.00
09.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00

Dir(deg)
48.1
56.1
76.4
49.1
52.4
83.1
80.5
96.1
104.1
86.1
58.2
39.1
61.1
60.5
67.1

; System Restart
; Start Date-19/12/06
; Start Time-17.20
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
19/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06

18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
00.00
01.00
02.00
03.00
04.00
05.00
06.00
07.00
08.00
09.00
10.00
11.00

78.3
110.5
93.1
87.4
73.1
68.4
72.1
79.3
85.1
90.2
73.4
68.3
83.4
79.9
68.4
89.1
103.4
105.2

2.0
1.6
2.3
3.1
2.4
0.5
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.7
2.3
3.4

23.1
20.5
18.5
17.8
16.1
15.5
16.4
15.8
14.0
13.5
13.9
14.5
16.7
17.1
19.4
20.1
22.4
23.5

44.8
50.5
54.1
57.5
61.1
63.4
68.1
70.5
72.8
74.5
74.9
75.1
75.8
74.3
71.6
60.4
53.1
49.6

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06

12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00

108.4
117.1
96.6
89.3
104.3

8.2
7.0
5.6
7.1
6.0

25.6
26.4
28.3
30.5
28.3

42.4
41.5
40.2
39.8
39.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 20/12/06
; Start time - 16:39
; Date
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06
20/12/06

Time
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00

Dir(deg)
76.4
65.4
64.2
53.5
56.4

Spd(Km/H) Temp(c )Humdty(%)

4.2
26.4
42.4
0.8
23.1
44.5
1.0
21.8
51.4
1.4
20.5
53.5
1.1
19.5
57.1

Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 20/12/06
; Start time - 21:25
20/12/06
20/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06

22:00
23:00
00:00
01.00
02.00
03.00
04.00
05.00
06.00
07.00
08.00
09.00
10.00
11:00
12:00

62.1
64.6
73.1
56.4
53.2
62.1
60.4
48.9
44.4
39.1
37.3
29.1
42.4
135.0
96.2

7.4
6.3
5.1
4.2
2.3
0.8
1.5
1.4
2.0
2.6
2.9
3.1
3.5
2.9
2.1

18.5
16.0
15.3
14.0
14.0
14.3
14.4
14.8
15.0
15.5
16.1
18.2
19.4
22.1
26.2

63.4
65.1
69.2
71.1
73.2
74.9
75.0
75.5
75.1
73.5
71.1
59.8
52.6
48.3
43.1

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

3.6
3.0
2.0
2.7
2.1
1.8
2.3
3.2
2.3
0.6
0.0
0.7

31.3
32.2
35.0
33.7
29.0
27.3
26.4
25.3
25.0
23.6
20.7
19.0

42.6
41.9
41.4
40.9
40.5
43.1
48.4
52.6
56.6
62.1
64.4
68.3

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 21/12/06
; Start time - 12:50
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
21/12/06
22/12/06

13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00

191.3
64.9
67.3
88.0
44.9
36.1
26.1
29.1
42.8
53.4
58.4
65.3

System Restart.
; Start date - 22/12/06
; Start time - 02:15

; Date
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06

Time
03.00
04.00
05.00
06.00
07.00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00

Dir(deg)
72.1
76.4
88.3
75.4
68.2
52.5
63.0
67.2
88.7
67.2
38.7
67.8
54.8
45.2

Spd(Km/H)
1.1
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.9
2.2
2.8
2.9
4.3
4.1
3.3
3.3
2.8
2.9

Temp(c )Humdty(%)
15.5
72.4
14.0
75.8
14.7
76.4
16.5
76.0
19.5
73.5
22.2
70.9
24.4
59.4
25.3
57.1
26.9
54.6
28.6
53.3
30.1
52.4
32.0
51.1
33.2
50.3
32.0
49.8

Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

1.1
0.6
0.9
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
4.4
4.1
3.6
3.2

22.6
22.5
21.9
21.3
20.5
19.5
18.3
17.4
17.1
16.8
15.0
15.4
16.4
19.3
22.0
23.2
25.0
26.5
29.1
30.5

51.2
53.1
56.4
59.1
62.4
68.1
69.4
70.1
71.9
72.5
72.8
73.5
73.0
70.3
67.4
65.0
60.8
56.4
54.4
52.4

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

2.2
4.2
2.4

31.0
30.9
29.4

50.9
50.1
51.2

0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 22/12/06
; Start time - 17:52
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
22/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06

18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00

55.2
52.5
54.5
54.3
62.9
59.0
78.1
86.9
103.5
86.2
56.0
38.6
64.6
76.0
68.1
67.2
61.2
62.5
67.4
61.1

; System Restart.
; Start date - 23/12/06
; Start time - 14:17
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06

15:00
16:00
17:00

60.4
52.5
68.1

; Date
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
23/12/06
24/12/06

Time
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23.00
00.00

Dir(deg)
38.6
44.1
55.9
69.1
61.6
59.4
64.1

Spd(Km/H) Temp(c )Humdty(%)

2.0
25.0
53.5
1.5
22.4
55.1
0.9
21.4
57.3
0.0
20.5
58.4
0.5
18.3
60.5
0.9
17.6
63.2
1.1
16.0
65.1

Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

24/12/06
24/12/06
24/12/06
24/12/06
24/12/06
24/12/06
24/12/06
24/12/06
24/12/06
24/12/06
24/12/06
24/12/06
24/12/06

01.00
02.00
03.00
04.00
05.00
06.00
07.00
08.00
09.00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00

69.4
72.1
76.4
89.3
94.3
97.1
82.4
80.1
60.3
78.5
73.6
77.2
59.4

2.1
1.6
2.4
2.3
3.2
3.6
4.1
4.6
3.0
2.5
2.8
4.1
3.3

15.4
15.0
13.9
13.1
13.5
14.6
16.1
17.3
18.4
26.4
27.5
29.0
29.3

66.4
67.8
69.4
70.0
70.4
70.4
69.4
68.1
59.5
56.5
55.4
53.4
52.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 24/12/06
; Start time - 14:46
; Date
Time
Dir(deg)
24/12/06 15:00
71.4
24/12/06 16:00
67.3
24/12/06 17:00
53.6
24/12/06 18:00
61.6
24/12/06 19:00
59.4
24/12/06 20:00
64.0
24/12/06 21:00
66.0
24/12/06 22:00
74.4
24/12/06 23:00
105.9
25/12/06 00:00
114.2
25/12/06 01:00
97.9
25/12/06 02:00
87.9
25/12/06 03:00
66.0
25/12/06 04:00
66.0
25/12/06 05:00
57.2
25/12/06 06:00
87.0
25/12/06 07:00
65.4
25/12/06 08:00
61.9
25/12/06 09:00
56.1
25/12/06 10:00
60.3
25/12/06 11:00
73.7
25/12/06 12:00
67.6
25/12/06 13:00
60.0
25/12/06 14:00
63.2
25/12/06 15:00
60.5
25/12/06 16:00
78.2
; System Restart.
; Start date - 25/12/06
; Start time - 17:41
; Date
25/12/06
25/12/06
25/12/06
25/12/06
25/12/06
25/12/06
26/12/06

Time
18:00
19:00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
00.00

Spd(Km/H)Temp(c ) Humdty(%)
4.8
31.8
52.9
4.2
31.5
53.0
2.9
29.1
53.9
0.7
25.0
55.8
0.7
22.4
59.8
0.9
21.5
62.5
0.5
20.5
66.4
0.0
19.7
68.3
0.3
18.8
68.9
1.4
18.5
69.8
0.0
17.5
70.6
0.0
17.0
71.5
0.1
16.5
73.8
0.0
14.7
74.1
0.0
14.5
74.8
0.0
14.0
74.2
0.2
14.3
70.3
0.5
18.4
65.8
1.7
20.2
58.4
3.3
23.3
57.8
3.7
25.9
56.0
3.3
27.6
54.3
3.2
30.7
53.4
3.6
31.7
52.7
2.9
33.6
51.8
2.7
33.4
51.0

Dir(deg)Spd(Km/H)Temp(c )
73.4
1.1
28.4
66.1
1.1
26.0
69.3
0.8
24.2
58.4
0.8
23.0
50.3
0.0
22.0
51.1
0.0
21.1
48.4
0.6
19.0

Humdty(%)
54.5
57.3
59.6
62.3
65.4
67.3
68.8

Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06

01.00
02.00
03.00
04.00
05.00
06.00
07.00
08.00
09.00
10.00

47.6
40.4
38.5
46.4
52.1
56.4
49.3
88.4
180.3
220.4

0.9
1.1
1.4
0.9
1.7
1.8
1.0
0.5
1.1
1.3

18.3
19.0
16.3
15.0
15.8
16.3
16.6
18.3
19.8
20.1

69.4
70.2
71.4
72.0
72.5
71.9
69.4
66.8
64.8
60.3

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

56.5
55.1
54.1
52.9
52.6
52.8
54.7
55.3
57.1
59.9
62.4
65.1
67.8
68.2
69.4
69.8
70.0
70.3
69.5
68.1
66.4

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Humdty(%)
61.2
59.3
57.6
55.5
53.1
51.0
50.2
50.7
53.1
55.6
58.4

Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 26/12/06
; Start time - 11:41
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
26/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06

12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00

276.6
322.3
22.2
343.0
15.8
348.5
337.1
108.1
87.0
79.7
82.
147.0
181.3
56.8
76.0
80.7
48.3
130.0
136.5
181.4
196.5

2.6
3.1
1.6
1.9
0.9
1.0
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.8
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.9
1.1
0.8
1.0

23.4
24.5
25.1
26.9
28.3
27.4
27.1
23.5
22.4
20.8
20.5
19.0
19.0
17.3
16.4
15.5
14.0
14.0
15.5
17.3
19.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 27/12/06
; Start time - 08:35
; Date
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06

Time
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00

Dir(deg)Spd(Km/H)Temp(c )
213.6
5.9
20.5
210.2
5.7
21.8
253.6
5.2
23.7
270.4
4.9
24.3
283.3
5.2
26.2
315.5
2.9
27.9
334.6
2.1
28.6
322.5
1.5
28.0
280.4
1.0
27.1
225.1
1.2
26.5
276.4
0.5
23.4

27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
27/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06

20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00

230.5
196.4
188.3
197.4
140.5
136.5
138.5
156.4
162.3
147.4
76.4
153.4
48.3
82.4
66.1
52.9
48.3
52.0

0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.9
1.3
2.4
5.1
4.3
5.1
4.9
4.0

22.1
20.1
19.3
18.4
18.0
17.1
15.4
13.9
13.4
13.6
15.6
17.1
18.8
20.6
23.5
25.4
27.6
29.9

61.1
62.4
63.5
64.3
66.5
67.1
67.8
68.0
68.5
68.4
67.9
64.4
61.3
58.4
54.5
53.4
52.4
51.8

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 28/12/06
; Start time - 16:53
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
28/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06

17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00

68.1
67.1
72.5
76.4
86.3
179.4
183.4
89.3
83.4
79.3
82.1
98.4
112.3
133.5
83.4
71.1
66.4

1.5
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.1
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.6
0.5
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.9
3.1
4.2

29.0
27.1
25.4
24.3
22.1
21.1
20.2
19.1
18.3
17.1
16.0
15.8
15.7
15.9
16.1
18.4
20.0

54.5
58.1
59.5
61.1
62.0
63.4
64.0
65.1
66.3
67.1
67.8
68.9
68.5
67.9
64.4
60.1
56.8

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 29/12/06
; Start time - 10:46
; Date
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06
29/12/06

Time
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00

Dir(deg) Spd(Km/H)Temp(c )
60.1
2.8
23.4
68.4
3.3
26.1
63.6
1.9
27.4
73.9
2.0
28.0
340.0
2.3
28.4
342.7
2.1
27.8
316.4
2.5
27.0
286.4
1.9
26.5
220.0
1.1
25.0
186.4
1.8
24.1
96.2
1.0
23.0

Humdty(%)
56.0
54.1
52.4
48.5
48.0
49.3
51.1
53.4
56.5
57.8
59.4

Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

29/12/06
29/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06

22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00

112.3
82.6
93.4
86.4
79.3
83.4
113.1
92.1
88.8

0.8
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.9
1.4
1.9

21.1
20.5
19.0
17.6
16.8
16.0
15.2
15.7
16.0

60.9
62.1
63.9
64.8
65.4
66.8
67.4
67.1
65.4

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

1.6
3.6
4.4
4.3
4.8
4.7
3.1
2.5
1.9

16.4
19.4
20.5
21.1
23.4
24.0
25.8
27.7
26.9

61.1
59.0
58.5
57.1
54.6
53.1
52.5
52.1
52.9

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

53.1
53.9
54.1
55.4
56.1
Humdty(%)
57.6
58.4
59.8
60.3
61.1
62.8
63.0
63.0
62.1

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 30/12/06
; Start time - 07:48
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06

08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00

67.0
74.4
79.8
78.0
86.4
92.4
110.3
96.4
88.3

; System Restart.
; Start date - 30/12/06
; Start time - 16:55
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
30/12/06
; Date
30/12/06
30/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06

17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
Time
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00

287.7
3.0
26.3
341.7
1.5
24.9
126.2
0.4
23.0
135.1
1.3
22.1
129.1
1.1
21.4
Dir(deg) Spd(Km/H)Temp(c )
183.4
2.4
20.3
342.1
1.0
19.0
352.5
0.9
18.1
336.4
0.5
17.4
279.3
0.0
16.0
246.4
0.7
14.9
252.3
0.9
14.3
313.5
1.3
15.1
204.4
1.6
16.4

; System Restart.
; Start date - 31/12/06
; Start time - 08:30
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06

09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00

128.4
134.5
145.4
127.9
140.7
277.5
340.2
347.9
336.9

3.8
4.7
4.6
4.8
4.0
4.1
2.8
2.5
1.7

20.5
21.2
22.2
23.4
24.5
25.9
27.6
26.8
25.9

54.5
52.1
49.5
48.4
47.7
47.0
46.0
46.4
48.1

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
31/12/06
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07

18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00

320.5
286.4
242.3
364.3
318.1
319.4
315.4
276.1
186.4
195.3
198.3
222.4
210.5
179.6
183.4
149.3
256.4

2.2
1.8
1.0
0.8
0.5
1.3
0.8
0.5
0.0
0.7
0.5
0.0
1.3
2.1
2.4
3.1
4.3

24.1
23.2
22.2
20.5
19.1
18.0
17.5
16.7
15.4
14.3
14.2
14.4
15.1
16.4
18.1
20.1
21.4

52.4
54.5
58.1
62.4
66.1
67.4
69.1
71.2
72.6
73.8
74.0
72.9
70.1
69.4
66.8
59.3
56.4

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 01/01/07
; Start time - 10:51
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
; Date
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
01/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/07/07
02/07/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07

11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
Time
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00

215.2
264.2
338.4
294.6
319.5
319.3
325.6
Dir(deg)
333.9
154.1
176.4
168.3
189.4
193.5
162.3
170.5
176.4
178.3
183.3
186.4
144.4
90.3
98.3
124.5
110.4

5.3
23.4
3.1
25.1
2.2
26.9
5.1
27.9
3.8
28.5
3.4
28.0
2.0
27.3
Spd(Km/H)Temp(c )
0.3
26.4
0.0
22.4
0.7
21.1
1.3
19.4
0.8
18.2
0.4
17.5
1.1
16.1
0.7
15.4
0.3
14.3
1.2
14.6
0.9
14.0
1.5
15.5
1.0
16.1
2.5
17.4
3.1
19.1
3.7
20.1
4.2
22.4

54.5
53.2
51.1
50.1
49.3
49.0
51.1
Humdty(%)
53.2
55.1
57.4
60.1
62.1
63.8
65.2
67.1
68.8
69.5
69.5
69.4
68.4
66.4
60.1
52.4
50.1

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

System Restart.
; Start date - 02/01/07
; Start time - 11:53
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07

12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00

82.4
46.1
37.0
33.3
28.6

2.7
3.3
3.8
3.7
3.7

26.5
27.4
28.6
28.5
27.1

48.2
46.4
45.0
45.9
46.1

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
02/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07

17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00

23.5
49.0
58.4
54.3
64.1
65.4
72.3
69.4
76.1
78.3
87.4
49.3
42.4
36.4
95.4

2.0
0.9
0.3
0.8
1.3
1.1
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.9
1.2
1.6
2.1

25.4
23.1
21.4
19.4
18.6
17.8
15.7
14.9
14.0
13.3
12.8
13.0
13.9
14.1
15.8

46.8
47.0
47.4
48.6
49.3
50.0
51.3
52.1
53.5
54.8
55.4
55.1
53.5
52.1
51.4

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

48.1
49.0
49.4
48.1
47.5
Humdty(%)
47.0
47.9
49.8
50.1
51.2
51.5
53.4
53.9
54.1
55.4
55.9
56.1
56.5
57.1
57.0
56.8
54.2

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

53.5
52.5
51.1
50.7
50.0
49.4
48.5
48.9
51.1

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 03/01/07
; Start time - 09:09
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
; Date
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
03/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07

10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
Time
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
00:00
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00

130.1
2.3
20.1
130.0
3.6
22.2
133.0
3.0
24.1
144.2
2.5
25.8
87.4
2.8
26.0
Dir(deg)Spd(Km/H)Temp(c )
9.8
2.1
26.6
334.5
2.8
25.4
27.7
1.3
23.1
39.4
2.1
21.4
46.5
1.8
20.8
40.4
1.6
20.1
52.6
0.9
18.4
58.4
1.2
17.3
66.3
0.8
16.1
49.5
0.7
14.8
33.5
1.1
13.6
42.1
1.4
12.9
48.4
0.5
12.0
56.3
0.7
12.4
72.3
0.0
13.1
69.4
0.9
13.9
52.3
1.2
15.1

System Restart.
; Start date - 04/01/07
; Start time - 08:19;
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07

09:00 77.2
10:00 85.2
11:00 84.1
12:00 79.5
13:00 89.3
14:00 92.4
15:00 90.1
16:00 110.1
17:00 86.4

2.6
4.4
5.1
4.9
3.7
4.3
2.8
2.0
1.8

19.8
21.8
23.1
24.7
25.1
26.9
27.5
27.0
26.1

04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
04/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07

18:00 78.3
19:00 92.4
20:00 86.4
21:00 79.3
22:00 112.4
23:00 134.5
00:00 86.4
01:00 83.4
02:00 70.5
03:00 83.1
04:00 72.4
05:00 89.3
06:00 92.4
07:00 73.1

1.0
0.9
1.3
1.8
2.1
1.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.9
1.0
1.3
1.7
2.1

24.2
23.1
21.4
19.1
18.4
17.5
15.1
13.4
11.9
11.5
17.1
13.5
14.1
17.5

52.4
53.3
56.4
57.1
59.6
60.4
61.1
62.2
62.8
63.1
62.0
61.1
60.5
58.4

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 05/01/07
; Start time - 09:15
05/01/07
05/01/07
; Date
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07
05/01/07

10:00 112.5 3.7

21.1
11:00 120.4 4.1
22.4
Time Dir(deg)Spd(Km/H)Temp(c )
12:00 96.4
4.3
23.4
13:00 58.4
5.1
26.5
14:00 102.1 4.1
26.9
15:00 88.4
5.3
27.5
16:00 92.04 4.7
27.0
17:00 83.3
3.1
26.1
18:00 79.4
2.6
23.5
19:00 93.1
1.8
20.5
20:00 47.4
1.6
18.4
21:00 48.5
0.9
17.6

48.7
46.4
Humdty(%)
45.0
44.1
44.4
43.1
43.0
45.1
46.4
50.8
52.4
56.1

0.0
0.0
Rain(mm)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

64.1
66.5
68.4
69.5
69.0
67.1
66.4
61.1
53.8
51.1
49.4
48.7

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

; System Restart.
; Start date - 06/01/07
; Start time - 00:26
06/01/07
06/01/07
06/01/07
06/01/07
06/01/07
06/01/07
06/01/07
06/01/07
06/01/07
06/01/07
06/01/07
06/01/07

01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
10:00
11:00
12:00

52.4
59.6
73.4
82.1
80.4
70.3
62.4
56.4
39.3
72.1
76.4
83.4

0.5
0.3
0.0
0.7
1.1
1.9
2.4
3.5
4.2
3.3
4.1
2.8

13.5
12.9
12.5
12.1
13.0
15.5
17.9
18.3
21.2
23.4
25.1
26.0

ANNEXURE-4:

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS

Table-A.4.1 24-Hourly Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Sl Date
No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

22/12/06
28/12/06
04/01/07
17/12/06
23/12/06
30/12/06
17/12/06
24/12/06
30/12/06
18/12/06
24/12/06
31/12/06
18/12/06
25/12/06
31/12/06
19/12/06
25/12/06
01/01/07
19/12/06
26/12/06

AAQM
S
Code
AQ1
AQ1
AQ1
AQ2
AQ2
AQ2
AQ3
AQ3
AQ3
AQ4
AQ4
AQ4
AQ5
AQ5
AQ5
AQ6
AQ6
AQ6
AQ7
AQ7

Location

Area
SPM
RPM
SO2
NOx
CO
Category (g/m3) (g/m3) (g/m3 (g/m3 (g/m3)
)
)
Chatawana
RA
402
201 12.50 31.50
480
Chatawana
RA
381
174 10.00 33.00
375
Chatawana
RA
422
169
7.60 30.00
410
Reiko
RA
333
180
5.30 12.50
Reiko
RA
381
226
BDL
9.60
Reiko
RA
354
187
BDL 11.10
Chicha
RA
309
144
BDL 10.00
Chicha
RA
283
118
BDL
9.40
Chicha
RA
285
130
BDL
BDL
Kotrabhata
RA
429
191
BDL 12.30
240
Kotrabhata
RA
409
191
BDL 13.04
180
Kotrabhata
RA
381
201
5.30 10.10
175
Rakhi (Bhata Para)
RA
457
207 10.50 22.10
1210
Rakhi (Bhata Para)
RA
452
196
9.00 19.40
1350
Rakhi (Bhata Para)
RA
453
215 12.10 20.50
1120
Mana
RA
425
182
7.50 17.00
Mana
RA
432
197
9.00 19.50
Mana
RA
496
245 10.50 16.40
Jhangh
RA
268
139
BDL 11.00
Jhangh
RA
286
173
BDL
9.60
-

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.

01/01/07
20/12/06
26/12/06
02/01/07
20/12/06
27/12/06
02/01/07
21/12/06
27/12/06
03/01/07
23/12/06
29/12/06
05/01/07
22/12/06
29/12/06
04/01/07
21/12/06
28/12/06
03/01/07
07/01/07
09/01/07
11/01/07
08/01/07

AQ7
AQ8
AQ8
AQ8
AQ9
AQ9
AQ9
AQ10
AQ10
AQ10
AQ11
AQ11
AQ11
AQ12
AQ12
AQ12
AQ13
AQ13
AQ13
AQ14
AQ14
AQ14
AQ15

44. 10/01/07 AQ15

45. 12/01/07 AQ15

Jhangh
Nawagaon
Nawagaon
Nawagaon
Khapri
Khapri
Khapri
Uparwara
Uparwara
Uparwara
University Complex
University Complex
University Complex
Mandir Hasud
Mandir Hasud
Mandir Hasud
Kendri
Kendri
Kendri
Rakhi (Patel Para)
Rakhi (Patel Para)
Rakhi (Patel Para)
Rakhi (Bazar
Chawk)
Rakhi (Bazar
Chawk)
Rakhi (Bazar
Chawk)

RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA
RA

297
306
289
321
339
295
378
342
331
435
412
420
582
610
622
312
339
352
470
480
495
477
397

141
175
142
173
187
163
191
163
152
228
183
206
239
195
230
169
176
197
204
208
221
210
169

8.30
7.10
8.60
BDL
BDL
5.10
12.00
12.50
9.30
BDL
BDL
BDL
27.10
32.40
28.30
15.40
14.10
12.00
7.10
5.30
BDL
5.20
BDL

17.40
16.20
12.10
BDL
9.30
9.70
20.10
22.40
18.40
13.00
12.00
10.50
52.20
50.10
46.40
22.50
20.10
18.50
14.10
12.50
11.10
16.40
13.10

310
345
290
2610
2580
2400
1050
1210
980
450
610
570
810

RA

275

156

BDL

13.00

720

RA

433

191

BDL

12.40

830

Source: On-siteMonitoringduring December2006toJanuary2007

Detection Limits:
SPM :
0.50 g/m3
RPM :
0.50 g/m3
SO2 :
5.00 g/m3
NOx :
5.00 g/m3
CO
:
0.01 g/m3
BDL indicates Below Detection Limit.
Area Categories:
IA
:
Industrial Area
RA
:
Residential, Rural and Other Areas
SA
:
Sensitive Area

ANNEXURE-5:

AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL OF THE STUDY AREA

Table-A.5.1 Ambient Noise Level

TIME
(HR)
9:00
9:05
9:10
9:15
9:20
9:25
9:30
9:35
9:40
9:45
9:50
9:55

NQ1
47.9
46.4
51.0
40.0
55.3
44.7
59.7
48.9
52.8
47.5
54.7
48.1

NQ2
46.8
48.7
51.0
45.7
52.1
44.7
57.4
48.9
52.8
47.5
53.2
48.1

NQ3
43.1
52.0
54.2
56.0
54.7
52.2
51.6
52.7
45.1
53.4
53.9
57.3

NQ4
41.5
54.6
49.8
47.9
45.8
52.2
61.3
54.1
53.7
54.9
50.3
51.4

NQ5
41.1
53.4
48.7
45.4
52.8
56.2
51.4
59.1
55.9
60.5
61.1
55.8

NQ6
37.4
53.4
50.5
48.4
52.4
53.9
54.2
53.7
51.4
50.7
55.7
56.8

NQ7
39.7
49.5
45.0
50.5
47.8
54.3
39.2
31.1
42.7
73.3
67.8
69.6

NQ8
48.2
50.1
53.5
54.7
50.5
55.4
47.7
41.7
54.5
55.0
55.4
56.2

Location Code
NQ9 NQ10 NQ11
45.7 49.8 48.9
47.8 50.1 50.1
49.5 47.2 52.4
51.5 46.2 54.0
53.4 49.6 55.7
55.3 44.7 57.5
57.2 55.0 59.2
59.1 52.4 60.2
60.2 49.6 61.5
61.1 50.4 59.6
62.3 52.3 62.4
62.0 51.5 61.8

10:00
10:05
10:10
10:15
10:20
10:25
10:30
10:35
10:40

50.5
56.4
62.2
61.5
48.7
47.5
69.9
58.8
59.8

51.2
55.0
52.0
54.2
56.0
54.7
52.2
51.6
52.7

53.1
53.3
55.7
61.0
63.1
58.7
56.6
53.5
55.8

53.6
54.8
52.4
60.4
62.8
58.6
55.7
54.9
61.7

56.3
68.2
59.0
51.7
62.2
59.7
46.3
52.9
53.0

57.3
59.8
65.7
53.9
69.4
62.3
53.6
56.4
55.9

64.2
64.5
63.8
66.0
65.8
73.3
67.8
69.6
66.2

56.9
59.2
56.8
50.9
41.2
53.3
40.6
55.6
63.2

63.4
62.5
60.3
59.0
57.4
55.9
54.3
52.8
51.2

54.8
57.0
60.2
56.4
53.1
44.6
47.7
53.0
51.9

60.3
58.0
57.6
55.9
54.6
53.2
51.9
50.5
52.4

NQ12
47.8
45.8
45.0
45.7
48.7
50.0
49.8
51.4
52.6
52.0
49.9
52.4

NQ13
48.5
45.8
45.0
45.7
48.7
50.0
49.8
51.4
52.6
52.0
49.9
52.4

NQ14
52.4
50.9
55.4
53.7
57.4
52.6
49.8
51.4
52.6
52.0
49.9
52.4

NQ15
47.8
49.6
48.7
49.6
50.1
50.5
51.0
51.4
51.8
52.3
52.7
53.2

NQ16
48.7
47.5
45.8
48.9
50.1
50.5
51.0
52.4
51.8
49.7
52.7
53.2

NQ17
55.6
56.7
57.4
59.7
57.6
60.2
61.1
60.5
62.9
61.8
62.8
63.5

52.0
53.5
49.8
56.0
55.8
57.4
59.9
60.4
62.5

54.8
65.8
75.4
78.8
79.1
67.8
75.2
78.9
69.5

54.8
59.6
62.3
61.5
66.8
67.8
62.7
64.5
65.4

53.6
51.5
52.7
51.7
51.3
50.8
50.4
55.4
54.9

53.0
53.6
49.9
43.6
41.2
45.9
52.3
61.3
58.7

64.0
67.8
63.2
59.1
67.5
69.7
65.4
70.2
69.4

TIME
(HR)
10:45
10:50
10:55

NQ1
45.2
51.0
50.0

NQ2
45.1
53.4
53.9

NQ3
48.5
50.4
48.6

NQ4
63.0
62.9
59.2

NQ5
47.0
57.0
43.6

NQ6
63.8
62.3
61.4

NQ7
64.5
66.4
68.9

Location Code
NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11
61.8 53.4 53.3 53.6
64.1 53.9 51.7 54.2
53.1 50.2 56.6 53.9

11:00
11:05
11:10
11:15
11:20
11:25
11:30
11:35
11:40
11:45
11:50
11:55

55.4
60.5
50.1
51.2
54.1
47.2
53.5
49.8
44.8
43.5
46.3
47.7

57.3
53.3
55.7
61.0
63.1
58.7
56.6
53.5
55.8
48.5
50.4
48.6

49.1
54.4
52.1
50.1
57.5
58.1
68.5
53.0
49.0
62.0
54.5
50.1

58.7
56.5
55.4
57.5
65.4
61.4
55.4
54.9
50.7
51.3
50.6
52.4

44.7
47.3
47.7
52.7
55.7
54.9
55.3
51.1
54.4
47.6
61.4
52.5

60.5
59.7
64.1
54.7
51.7
51.3
54.1
59.7
54.3
52.9
54.0
57.4

72.2
66.5
48.4
53.2
53.6
65.7
68.4
72.5
66.2
55.9
52.6
53.8

63.8
64.5
62.5
62.3
61.6
61.0
60.4
59.7
59.5
58.4
57.5
57.1

51.7
54.8
56.9
59.7
62.3
64.9
67.5
70.1
69.4
68.4
67.2
70.2

59.8
57.4
55.2
63.1
54.4
53.0
50.3
55.6
51.5
55.6
62.8
61.9

12:00
12:05
12:10
12:15
12:20
12:25
12:30
12:35
12:40
12:45

55.5
45.2
44.9
46.7
51.4
53.0
58.4
47.2
61.3
55.9

53.4
52.1
50.1
46.7
51.4
53.0
58.4
47.2
61.3
55.9

51.4
52.5
52.2
56.9
52.4
46.5
47.3
48.4
55.2
61.1

50.2
55.2
52.5
53.7
49.5
48.6
54.6
59.6
53.4
52.3

54.9
55.0
51.7
51.0
43.3
52.0
51.0
56.5
45.8
55.9

61.2
65.5
66.1
69.7
76.3
78.1
67.2
68.8
64.4
63.6

72.2
92.6
79.2
76.5
72.4
79.2
82.6
93.8
72.4
65.4

56.4
68.8
63.2
61.8
64.1
53.1
59.3
58.9
59.8
52.2

63.5
59.6
58.9
62.8
61.5
61.0
60.9
59.8
63.5
60.7

63.5
59.6
58.9
62.8
61.5
61.0
60.9
59.8
63.5
60.7

NQ12
61.4
60.1
62.5

NQ13
69.2
65.8
69.1

NQ14
63.5
62.8
63.4

NQ15
53.8
55.6
53.6

NQ16
48.2
39.5
53.5

NQ17
66.8
68.1
65.0

54.0
52.9
59.7
61.2
62.4
63.5
59.9
64.2
63.5
61.5
60.5
59.9

61.0
59.8
61.4
62.3
58.9
60.2
59.9
60.7
57.8
61.4
59.5
61.1

58.3
61.9
61.3
60.5
56.9
68.7
60.0
72.4
75.8
55.8
61.9
60.6

62.9
67.7
64.2
62.0
76.7
68.8
57.3
64.1
83.0
73.0
65.0
56.8

54.8
53.2
56.7
48.5
55.4
47.6
49.7
44.7
49.1
51.3
50.8
51.4

54.1
42.7
46.9
47.2
44.3
47.6
51.9
40.3
44.4
40.6
36.8
47.7

63.5
69.5
68.7
60.7
60.8
71.2
73.2
68.5
69.9
66.3
71.7
74.2

61.4
60.3
59.7
58.8
57.9
57.1
56.2
55.4
54.5
53.7

59.0
57.5
58.5
57.8
56.7
57.3
56.0
56.8
55.8
56.3

61.6
66.9
71.2
64.4
59.3
64.6
72.5
75.5
59.9
57.8

71.4
70.9
73.4
74.7
76.8
66.1
75.4
75.2
62.3
69.1

53.5
42.6
47.9
50.2
49.5
51.6
47.7
50.9
50.7
48.7

53.8
49.6
41.1
44.5
46.6
41.4
45.9
51.4
48.8
51.4

66.5
62.8
64.2
65.8
62.0
64.0
74.9
65.6
70.9
67.7

TIME
Location Code
(HR) NQ1 NQ2 NQ3 NQ4 NQ5 NQ6 NQ7 NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11 NQ12 NQ13 NQ14 NQ15 NQ16 NQ17
12:50 48.8 48.8 66.1 51.0 40.9 62.8 62.2 48.2 61.5 61.5 52.8 56.1 55.0 76.4 40.3 58.6 60.9
12:55 57.2 57.2 50.7 54.1 44.4 67.5 52.9 59.2 59.7 59.7 52.0 55.8 57.8 73.9 46.4 46.6 69.5
13:00
13:05
13:10
13:15
13:20
13:25
13:30
13:35
13:40
13:45
13:50
13:55

49.0
53.3
44.6
51.5
53.2
55.0
56.3
61.9
62.2
65.1
57.4
55.6

55.2
58.1
68.5
53.0
49.0
62.0
54.5
50.1
51.4
58.6
52.5
52.2

58.4
49.4
52.7
44.8
46.1
45.6
48.0
46.3
48.3
47.2
67.7
66.8

55.0
53.4
52.0
53.6
48.7
45.6
48.9
50.3
51.2
49.9
52.3
51.8

34.4
64.4
61.1
62.2
65.5
66.5
46.9
53.1
67.1
59.2
55.8
53.7

70.1
61.1
64.2
65.8
71.6
73.2
63.7
62.0
70.5
73.7
72.3
73.3

56.4
53.6
51.7
62.3
66.4
65.3
73.5
68.3
59.7
57.8
58.7
63.6

60.0
59.5
62.4
63.0
64.2
65.4
63.5
66.8
67.4
69.4
63.1
65.4

60.5
58.7
55.4
53.4
51.6
50.7
53.2
49.7
48.9
50.1
52.3
51.6

63.5
55.9
53.5
54.8
53.9
47.0
49.8
48.5
50.2
51.4
55.8
57.8

51.1
51.5
61.1
63.5
64.3
48.2
46.6
58.1
57.9
65.1
63.9
64.6

55.6
53.2
51.4
49.2
48.7
49.9
45.9
46.8
51.4
52.6
50.5
52.8

59.8
57.7
58.6
65.3
64.4
69.9
56.6
63.9
71.1
60.4
59.9
61.2

72.5
73.6
65.2
59.7
57.7
71.7
72.7
81.3
63.1
64.5
66.4
68.0

45.7
48.4
44.5
39.2
47.6
53.0
47.8
51.2
44.2
50.4
44.2
48.9

47.8
52.7
50.5
59.0
56.6
52.0
55.4
56.6
58.9
57.8
54.4
59.7

69.0
70.4
66.4
64.2
62.4
65.7
68.4
65.0
73.8
65.6
66.1
66.7

14:00
14:05
14:10
14:15
14:20
14:25
14:30
14:35
14:40
14:45
14:50

54.8
56.3
61.9
62.2
65.1
57.4
55.6
54.8
58.1
61.3
55.4

56.9
47.3
48.4
55.2
61.1
66.1
50.7
58.4
48.2
49.4
52.7

58.0
51.9
54.4
51.5
47.7
48.5
47.3
48.5
47.5
47.3
45.1

52.4
53.7
50.0
49.9
47.6
54.1
53.0
52.2
50.6
49.8
51.4

54.2
56.9
52.2
58.3
52.4
50.5
48.9
52.1
48.4
51.7
50.8

71.4
70.2
73.4
71.7
66.5
69.9
70.0
69.9
72.5
70.5
69.7

62.5
66.8
73.2
66.5
58.7
53.7
52.4
51.7
50.8
54.6
55.8

68.5
61.1
55.8
49.1
42.8
49.8
48.7
56.9
62.8
60.3
58.7

54.7
52.6
51.4
49.6
48.0
46.3
44.7
43.0
44.8
43.7
42.8

58.9
53.4
52.1
50.4
55.0
53.8
52.7
49.7
48.5
47.7
51.4

67.5
64.5
54.9
52.2
60.0
59.7
52.7
57.0
50.1
54.5
51.4

53.2
51.4
49.8
48.1
50.9
52.6
51.4
50.4
49.7
52.8
48.9

58.9
55.9
58.1
57.4
52.3
55.3
58.9
54.6
60.3
63.4
65.7

70.2
61.5
56.7
62.8
63.8
59.7
58.9
58.2
60.4
68.1
71.4

46.2
48.5
51.6
47.7
50.9
50.7
48.7
40.3
46.4
43.7
45.7

56.7
50.9
51.3
49.8
61.4
53.8
52.2
57.6
49.7
58.2
56.9

64.5
62.7
68.5
73.8
70.1
66.6
69.6
72.9
61.5
67.4
72.5

TIME
Location Code
(HR) NQ1 NQ2 NQ3 NQ4 NQ5 NQ6 NQ7 NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11 NQ12 NQ13 NQ14 NQ15 NQ16 NQ17
14:55 58.2 44.8 50.9 50.3 46.7 65.2 56.4 56.4 45.9 50.6 67.7 51.4 64.2 69.3 43.8 58 62.5
15:00
15:05
15:10
15:15
15:20
15:25
15:30
15:35
15:40
15:45
15:50
15:55

54.9
59.4
50.7
66.4
60.2
54.2
55.3
50.5
49.9
52.2
50.4
47.7

46.1
46.3
48.3
47.2
52.2
44.7
44.8
45.7
51.3
46.7
50.1
54.4

48.8
45.9
46.7
48.1
51.1
45.2
50.2
52.2
44.7
44.8
45.7
51.3

48.8
52.3
53.7
50.7
46.4
47.8
49.5
50.0
51.8
47.5
46.7
50.3

58.1
50.2
49.3
54.2
55.3
53.8
51.6
55.6
52.3
53.7
48.4
50.8

64.3
62.4
54.4
53.9
69.8
65.8
55.2
54.1
66.9
67.5
57.2
57.5

51.6
52.7
60.1
47.7
46.2
50.3
51.3
55.7
50.4
48.4
61.7
68.5

55.9
57.6
54.8
55.0
54.5
53.9
53.3
52.8
52.2
51.7
51.1
50.6

47.7
49.8
48.1
48.9
49.1
49.3
49.5
49.7
49.9
50.1
50.3
50.5

52.6
50.8
51.6
50.7
50.2
49.7
53.8
48.7
52.8
54.7
54.0
53.5

59.9
53.5
46.4
39.8
42.6
47.8
51.4
52.2
49.9
53.4
53.0
52.6

50.7
49.7
48.8
47.5
56.6
47.8
40.8
42.7
38.6
45.5
48.1
44.9

61.2
57.8
55.0
57.8
54.4
53.1
57.4
55.4
56.8
59.7
58.7
57.6

68.7
67.4
65.2
57.4
59.9
61.7
68.5
69.1
70.2
71.4
64.7
62.2

48.4
48.1
50.2
56.6
59.1
48.4
49.7
50.9
55.4
52.7
47.6
59.8

58.8
56.8
64.1
63.7
58.0
51.8
52.8
53.5
42.2
49.2
65.8
52.2

63.2
60.8
63.9
62.2
65.4
67.5
64.5
66.3
67.5
63.3
64.2
59.2

16:00
16:05
16:10
16:15
16:20
16:25
16:30
16:35
16:40
16:45
16:50
16:55

45.3
44.7
45.9
48.4
52.2
47.7
57.4
54.7
52.4
66.5
46.9
40.3

52.1
51.4
51.9
54.4
51.5
47.7
48.5
47.3
48.5
47.5
47.3
45.1

46.7
54.4
56.9
44.7
46.8
50.8
60.3
61.0
61.5
55.0
62.4
60.4

52.7
51.6
53.7
54.9
52.0
50.9
56.8
57.4
55.6
53.4
51.2
54.6

54.4
52.6
53.9
54.7
54.0
56.1
50.0
52.4
50.8
53.3
52.2
50.5

64.5
66.9
72.8
53.5
55.6
55.0
54.2
53.4
59.3
60.5
58.6
54.7

63.8
58.7
54.8
50.8
58.5
67.8
72.6
59.4
53.7
54.9
55.6
63.8

50.0
52.7
54.6
57.0
59.3
61.6
63.9
66.2
67.4
65.8
63.2
59.8

49.8
52.8
54.7
57.3
59.8
62.2
64.7
62.3
65.4
67.4
68.9
66.4

52.0
53.4
52.9
53.7
54.1
54.6
55.0
54.5
55.9
56.4
56.8
56.4

52.7
51.3
53.1
52.8
53.0
53.4
53.0
53.6
53.8
54.0
53.7
54.4

51.7
55.4
41.1
45.0
41.3
38.7
40.8
37.3
41.7
51.9
46.4
49.7

56.8
55.4
53.7
57.4
52.6
49.9
55.8
54.6
56.3
55.6
52.6
58.4

60.3
60.8
60.1
73.1
58.5
62.9
70.5
71.8
56.9
53.4
51.9
54.8

60.2
57.1
51.8
50.5
49.7
43.6
48.7
47.8
36.9
42.8
61.2
57.8

53.8
49.7
51.3
52.6
50.8
61.9
49.2
50.9
40.8
43.6
50.3
64.1

62.5
65.4
61.1
65.2
66.4
64.9
62.2
66.8
66.7
63.7
67.9
61.5

TIME
Location Code
(HR) NQ1 NQ2 NQ3 NQ4 NQ5 NQ6 NQ7 NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11 NQ12 NQ13 NQ14 NQ15 NQ16 NQ17
17:00
17:05
17:10
17:15
17:20
17:25
17:30
17:35
17:40
17:45
17:50
17:55

42.5
40.8
37.6
46.7
42.7
44.4
43
47.9
48.3
53.4
64.1
45.5

50.9
45.9
46.7
48.1
51.1
45.2
50.2
52.2
44.7
44.8
45.7
51.3

54.5
61.1
53.6
57.8
69.1
65.1
64.2
58.1
56.2
65.8
56.2
56.8

53.7
51.5
52.0
50.7
53.4
52.1
50.7
49.9
51.4
49.9
54.3
53.5

53.1
52.0
50.4
51.2
52.3
55.1
57.5
55.3
48.4
47.7
54.9
60.9

53.0
52.9
53.8
55.3
48.4
47.7
54.9
50.4
51.2
52.3
55.1
57.5

70.5
64.7
56.8
59.7
68.5
71.4
65.8
61.3
52.7
60.1
59.9
63.7

57.4
56.7
54.3
53.0
51.5
49.9
48.4
46.8
45.3
43.7
42.2
40.6

64.5
59.2
61.4
58.6
57.1
55.5
54.0
52.4
59.7
58.7
60.6
59.8

55.3
51.4
52.0
54.8
49.9
51.3
52.3
48.7
53.6
53.4
49.9
51.7

54.6
56.4
53.9
54.3
53.9
53.6
53.2
52.9
52.5
52.2
51.8
51.5

50.5
49.7
52.3
51.6
47.9
46.9
52.4
45.7
44.2
55.8
57.4
49.9

56.9
53.5
49.8
56.0
55.8
57.4
59.9
60.4
62.5
61.4
60.1
59.9

63.2
60.2
67.5
64.2
58.3
69.9
60.2
70.0
59.8
59.4
71.4
70.2

59.8
57.5
56.8
55.0
53.5
52.0
50.5
49.0
47.5
46.0
48.7
49.9

52.2
57.6
55.7
42.8
48.6
43.8
57.7
50.4
47.6
46.4
39.8
45.5

63.9
67.1
65.8
68.5
66.8
58.6
64.5
70.7
69.3
67.8
76.4
64.4

18:00
18:05
18:10
18:15
18:20
18:25
18:30
18:35
18:40
18:45
18:50
18:55

49.9
37.6
46.7
42.7
44.4
43.0
47.9
48.3
53.4
64.1
45.5
49.9

52.3
61.0
62.3
58.4
51.4
51.9
54.4
51.5
47.7
50.2
52.2
51.6

55.4
51.1
59.2
55.9
59.4
58.3
59.3
54.7
53.6
52.0
51.6
50.3

52.8
51.1
57.5
55.9
59.4
56.4
58.9
54.7
52.5
52.0
51.6
50.3

61.3
62.3
57.6
52.4
50.8
53.3
52.2
50.5
54.7
53.2
52.7
50.9

58.6
57.5
55.3
50.8
53.3
52.2
50.5
61.3
62.3
59.7
55.2
54.1

72.4
66.4
58.5
56.9
61.4
66.8
72.9
65.5
62.4
58.7
52.0
53.7

48.5
55.6
58.7
64.5
61.5
62.3
59.8
60.3
56.7
55.8
58.4
56.9

58.5
56.9
60.2
60.2
61.1
61.9
62.8
63.6
62.3
64.1
63.3
62.2

53.6
55.4
52.6
52.9
52.4
51.9
51.4
50.9
50.4
49.9
49.4
48.9

52.3
54.8
53.9
55.3
56.1
56.9
57.7
58.5
59.3
60.1
60.9
61.7

50.7
45.7
50.4
46.6
54.7
49.9
45.8
52.3
51.3
50.2
49.5
48.7

60.5
58.7
55.6
52.7
54.7
53.9
51.5
52.3
51.3
50.2
56.7
59.7

70.9
70.9
73.1
64.0
60.3
62.5
61.2
65.4
67.3
68.5
69.8
68.7

51.2
49.8
50.6
49.9
49.6
49.3
49.0
48.7
48.4
48.1
47.8
47.5

52.3
52.7
61.2
44.2
46.6
54.4
59.7
56.7
63.2
52.6
50.9
54.6

66.1
68.9
70.5
74.4
74.8
61.1
65.2
66.4
64.9
62.2
66.8
66.7

TIME
(HR)
19:00
19:05
19:10
19:15
19:20
19:25
19:30
19:35
19:40
19:45
19:50
19:55

NQ1
41.9
40.8
37.6
46.7
42.7
44.4
43.0
47.9
48.3
53.4
64.1
45.5

NQ2
54.2
52.6
50.4
48.6
46.7
44.8
42.9
48.9
51.8
50.7
51.4
52.0

NQ3
51.2
49.1
50.3
48.7
46.8
45.6
48.1
47.9
46.3
46.5
44.2
44.5

NQ4
48.2
49.1
50.3
49.8
45.6
46.8
47.3
46.3
46.5
44.2
44.5
43.9

NQ5
52.3
55.1
57.5
55.3
48.4
47.7
54.9
61.9
49.7
57.6
49.1
61.5

NQ6
53.7
55.3
57.2
54.9
61.9
49.7
57.6
50.3
51.6
52.7
53.4
54.0

NQ7
54.8
65.8
68.7
72.4
66.5
52.8
50.5
49.9
61.6
48.4
49.7
50.3

Location Code
NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11
55.2 60.0 48.4 62.5
59.7 57.9 50.3 57.6
59.3 59.6 52.4 55.4
62.6 58.8 53.6 51.4
55.7 57.2 55.4 47.9
53.3 55.4 57.2 46.8
54.4 53.6 60.4 53.6
58.8 58.0 58.7 51.8
45.8 57.8 55.6 52.4
50.1 53.7 62.3 54.8
50.3 51.4 61.5 57.6
52.3 52.5 58.6 53.5

20:00
20:05
20:10
20:15
20:20
20:25
20:30
20:35
20:40
20:45
20:50
20:55

49.9
41.9
46.2
45.6
57.7
47.3
41.6
46.9
45.6
42.7
43.9
41.3

54.8
51.5
47.7
48.5
47.3
48.5
50.6
47.3
45.1
50.9
48.8
51.4

43.9
48.6
48.2
46.3
45.8
52.6
54.5
53.1
54.9
54.6
53.8
52.1

45.6
48.6
47.5
45.2
44.8
48.9
52.7
51.6
53.6
52.5
51.0
51.9

62.3
61.8
59.8
58.7
57.5
52.7
51.6
53.6
52.5
51.0
51.9
52.6

56.4
58.9
57.4
54.8
53.7
52.7
51.6
53.6
52.5
51.0
51.9
52.6

52.9
53.8
53.2
43.6
41.7
42.8
51.7
52.9
53.1
48.9
48.2
50.6

60.0
52.1
48.3
41.9
33.4
36.2
53.3
42.7
48.7
58.4
51.1
53.4

57.0
52.5
55.7
49.0
54.9
44.3
42.7
44.2
49.3
50.6
52.7
55.9

NQ12
51.4
53.3
49.7
48.8
47.5
56.6
47.8
50.4
52.6
49.8
52.7
51.6

NQ13
61.5
53.3
50.7
53.7
49.8
56.6
47.8
50.4
57.6
55.6
52.7
56.4

NQ14
67.5
56.9
53.4
51.9
54.8
63.2
55.5
60.2
59.8
58.7
59.6
60.3

NQ15
47.2
46.5
47.2
46.1
45.5
44.8
44.2
43.5
45.6
42.2
44.7
40.9

NQ16
56.7
54.6
53.8
52.1
50.7
49.2
52.8
54.7
55.1
49.5
53.2
52.6

NQ17
63.7
63.9
65.8
62.2
67.1
65.8
77.2
66.8
58.6
64.5
70.7
69.3

59.8
57.4
55.6
53.4
51.3
49.2
47.1
45.0
42.9
40.8
45.8
47.8

52.8
51.7
50.8
49.8
48.8
47.8
46.8
45.8
44.8
43.8
45.5
43.8

50.2
52.3
51.6
47.5
46.8
52.4
49.2
48.9
47.9
51.9
48.1
52.1

58.6
55.7
54.2
51.6
49.7
52.4
50.8
55.7
56.8
51.9
53.5
52.1

59.8
56.7
62.8
63.8
59.7
58.9
58.2
57.8
55.6
59.4
57.2
55.6

45.7
44.9
45.2
44.8
44.5
44.3
44.0
43.8
45.6
44.9
43.0
43.2

54.6
53.6
52.7
51.7
50.8
49.8
48.9
53.7
52.9
51.8
52.6
50.6

64.2
66.1
65.2
69.2
68.9
70.5
65.0
84.6
76.8
72.4
77.2
67.7

21:00 40.2 53.2 50.0 50.0 54.6 53.8 50.0 52.8 54.6 46.9

46.8

51.6

51.6

58.7

44.8

53.9

62.5

TIME
(HR)
21:05
21:10
21:15
21:20
21:25
21:30
21:35
21:40
21:45
21:50
21:55

NQ1
39.6
40.2
38.7
33.5
36.8
41.2
39.6
38.4
36.8
39.5
41.5

NQ2
50.5
53.6
56.7
54.7
55.6
50.5
48.5
58.1
46.6
42.7
53.8

NQ3
45.4
47.5
49.8
47.3
50.2
52.6
52.0
51.7
53.5
51.6
49.3

NQ4
49.7
48.6
51.4
52.3
52.0
51.8
51.0
50.4
50.9
52.6
51.6

NQ5
53.8
53.0
52.9
52.0
51.9
50.8
55.4
53.8
53.1
52.6
51.9

NQ6
55.6
54.3
54.0
52.9
51.0
51.9
51.3
50.4
56.8
47.4
43.3

NQ7
52.3
51.4
50.1
49.9
51.0
51.8
49.9
48.6
46.8
50.1
48.5

Location Code
NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11
51.5 53.8 48.7 48.2
50.7 50.6 47.5 47.2
49.8 48.9 48.3 47.8
48.8 52.5 47.9 48.0
47.8 49.3 45.7 48.2
46.8 52.2 49.2 48.4
45.8 44.2 49.4 48.6
44.8 39.7 49.8 48.8
43.9 42.2 50.1 49.0
42.9 41.8 50.4 49.2
41.9 46.9 50.7 49.4

22:00
22:05
22:10
22:15
22:20
22:25
22:30
22:35
22:40
22:45
22:50
22:55

35.6
36.5
41.6
37.2
35.6
32.5
29.5
24.6
26.8
31.7
22.6
28.5

52.1
43.2
43.8
42.9
44.5
57.6
41.6
40.6
45.7
48.3
50.3
51.4

48.6
45.1
50.5
51.3
47.6
46.8
45.2
50.6
52.3
52
47.6
45.3

51.0
50.7
51.5
51.0
52.3
49.6
48.7
49.2
53.4
52.9
50.7
48.6

50.8
49.9
48.8
47.0
47.5
48.0
47.5
49.6
51.6
52.0
49.9
51.9

46.7
49.4
50.5
53.8
47.8
49.2
60.2
48.2
43.7
47.5
48.3
49.6

48.0
47.9
51.4
52.4
50.6
50.2
49.6
49.3
48.1
47.6
46.5
45.8

40.9
50.6
48.4
53.3
48.8
46.6
39.1
54.5
52.4
51.6
50.7
51.9

47.5
50.6
48.4
53.3
48.8
46.6
39.1
54.5
52.4
51.6
50.7
51.9

NQ12
49.7
48.5
46.8
45.3
43.7
42.2
45.9
42.7
47.9
44.6
48.9

NQ13
49.7
48.5
46.8
50.6
52.4
50.3
49.8
46.8
47.6
50.8
48.9

NQ14
57.6
59.6
58.4
60.9
56.7
59.9
60.5
63.7
59.8
57.6
60.2

NQ15
43.9
42.5
41.4
40.3
39.1
38.0
36.8
42.5
43.6
40.5
39.8

NQ16
52.7
51.6
50.4
49.3
48.1
47.0
45.8
44.7
43.5
48.9
50.6

NQ17
69.2
66.3
83.3
69.0
80.9
71.3
68.1
66.5
76.7
69.0
67.9

51.0
49.8
47.8
46.3
44.7
43.1
41.5
39.9
38.3
36.7
35.1
33.5

49.6
47.5
46.0
44.1
42.3
40.5
38.7
36.9
35.1
37.4
34.2
34.0

50.0
47.5
46.8
49.8
43.3
41.7
40.1
39.8
40.1
38.8
42.3
44.2

50.0
49.9
51.4
49.8
50.8
48.7
47.6
45.8
47.6
46.8
45.9
47.5

57.8
55.4
54.2
49.8
50.4
51.3
48.7
50.6
49.5
48.9
47.6
46.0

42.5
43.6
42.8
43.3
41.8
43.6
42.7
43.9
43.8
44.2
42.6
41.9

52.4
49.8
48.6
46.5
44.6
42.7
47.8
45.6
44.6
43.5
48.5
47.6

63.8
59.8
60.3
59.2
60.3
59.9
61.3
64.4
62.4
60.1
58.7
60.2

23:00 27.9 50.4 44.7 48.0 51.0 49.2 47.1 50.8 49.9 35.6
23:05 26.4 43.2 40.1 46.7 50.8 45.7 48.5 47.1 44.5 38.7

34.5
34.0

46.8
48.9

46.8
47.2

46.5
47.2

40.0
42.5

49.8
47.6

59.8
54.3

TIME
(HR)
23:10
23:15
23:20
23:25
23:30
23:35
23:40
23:45
23:50
23:55

NQ1
28.3
25.3
24.9
31.2
26.4
28.9
26.4
24.2
22.1
21.6

NQ2
43.8
42.9
44.5
46.2
41.6
40.6
45.7
48.3
36.7
46.7

NQ3
37.4
35.2
36.0
34.6
34.0
33.9
30.2
31.2
29.9
29.0

NQ4
45.9
45.0
44.8
44.2
43.9
42.8
41.6
41.2
39.6
38.6

NQ5
50.0
51.8
49.8
48.5
47.9
49.3
48.6
49.6
47.5
47.9

NQ6
48.5
56.8
49.3
48.5
44.7
48.5
47.6
48.1
50.1
46.2

NQ7
51.6
50.7
51.4
52.3
47.9
49.3
48.6
49.6
48.0
47.9

Location Code
NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11
48.2 42.6 39.5 33.8
45.6 38.4 41.8 33.4
45.5 34.7 43.8 32.6
50.9 31.1 45.7 31.8
52.4 30.5 47.7 32.4
51.1 39.7 49.6 30.5
48.8 38.4 51.6 31.6
44.9 40.5 52.3 32.4
48.9 38.7 48.7 30.9
53.6 36.7 46.5 29.8

0:00
0:05
0:10
0:15
0:20
0:25
0:30
0:35
0:40
0:45
0:50
0:55

23.0
22.2
21.5
23.1
22.3
25.4
26.4
24.1
21.3
20.9
18.7
24.6

45.7
47.8
46.5
48.1
42.8
43.5
45.6
47.6
39.8
39.4
41.2
40.3

29.6
28.7
30.5
28.4
27.1
25.4
23.0
21.5
22.4
23.1
22.3
26.4

38.0
37.9
36.5
35.9
34.7
34.3
33.9
31.0
29.8
29.3
27.6
27.4

46.7
48.7
47.5
45.9
38.9
37.2
35.1
34.9
33.8
32.9
32.7
30.5

44.5
46.8
45.7
37.8
36.5
35.1
34.9
33.2
34.2
33.7
32.8
31.0

47.0
48.7
46.5
45.3
44.2
44.0
41.6
39.8
39.0
39.5
38.6
38.0

54.0
49.9
51.2
48.9
47.5
46.1
44.7
43.3
41.9
40.5
39.1
37.7

37.9
38.5
35.4
34.8
33.5
32.3
31.0
29.8
28.5
27.3
26.0
24.8

NQ12
45.7
46.0
45.5
44.9
44.4
43.8
43.3
42.7
43.2
43.0

NQ13
45.7
46.0
44.3
45.6
44.4
43.8
42.9
42.7
43.2
41.8

NQ14
44.6
45.2
43.8
45.6
43.7
43.8
42.9
41.5
43.2
40.5

NQ15
41.3
42.6
40.5
43.9
41.5
40.6
42.5
41.6
40.5
40.3

NQ16
48.5
47.3
46.7
46.0
45.4
44.7
44.1
43.4
42.8
43.5

NQ17
53.6
49.7
46.6
43.5
47.5
44.6
48.9
47.5
46.5
39.8

47.2
40.1
39.6
34.7
30.9
27.1
29.8
30.5
29.0
29.7
28.4
30.2

30.2
29.8
29.0
28.5
27.9
27.3
26.7
25.8
25.5
28.7
26.5
25.3

42.5
40.7
41.6
40.7
40.3
39.8
39.4
38.9
38.5
38.0
37.6
37.1

42.5
40.7
41.6
40.7
40.3
42.3
43.2
39.9
40.5
38.9
41.3
41.8

42.7
40.7
41.6
40.7
39.9
41.6
42.3
39.9
40.5
39.9
41.3
40.4

39.8
40.7
39.5
39.7
37.8
39.4
38.6
39.1
36.4
38.2
39.8
37.5

46.7
44.5
45.2
44.0
43.2
42.5
41.7
41.0
40.2
39.5
37.8
38.0

43.5
44.2
42.5
41.5
41.9
43.2
38.5
40.4
39.9
41.2
38.9
38.4

1:00 23.4 39.6 25.6 27.0 30.0 31.5 37.5 36.3 23.5 32.4
1:05 22.9 34.2 20.9 26.3 29.7 30.6 29.7 34.2 25.8 29.5
1:10 23.6 33.4 18.7 25.9 28.7 29.8 28.7 35.1 23.8 31.4

27.4
29.0
28.9

36.7
38.9
37.5

41.5
38.9
37.5

41.6
38.5
36.7

38.3
36.2
34.2

38.7
36.5
35.2

38.0
37.6
35.3

TIME
(HR)
1:15
1:20
1:25
1:30
1:35
1:40
1:45
1:50
1:55

NQ1
25.3
21.6
22.5
23.6
18.6
19.5
22.3
21.6
18.4

NQ2
32.8
29.8
31.2
31.4
28.9
28.7
26.5
30.5
29.8

NQ3
22.5
22.0
21.6
21.9
22.4
24.1
24.0
22.5
23.6

NQ4
25.3
24.9
25.6
25.0
25.9
24.7
24.4
23.6
23.4

NQ5
27.5
26.7
25.4
24.8
23.9
23.1
22.8
22.0
21.9

NQ6
30.4
29.7
28.7
27.5
26.7
25.8
27.6
28.6
25.4

NQ7
27.5
26.7
25.4
24.8
23.9
23.1
22.8
22.0
21.9

Location Code
NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11
34.0 23.9 30.1 29.9
33.4 23.5 29.6 30.7
32.8 23.1 29.1 31.4
32.2 22.7 28.6 32.2
31.6 22.3 28.1 32.9
31.0 21.9 27.6 33.7
30.4 21.5 27.1 34.4
29.8 21.1 26.6 33.7
29.2 20.7 26.1 32.7

2:00
2:05
2:10
2:15
2:20
2:25
2:30
2:35
2:40
2:45
2:50
2:55

19.5
18.6
17.9
16.4
17.5
17.8
18.3
16.4
17.8
16.4
15.4
16.8

31.2
26.2
25.7
27.4
28.9
30.2
27.2
25.4
24.3
27.8
25.4
24.7

20.0
21.6
19.5
20.7
19.3
17.8
18.7
17.2
18.5
17.8
18.0
19.0

23.0
21.9
21.2
20.8
19.8
19.5
19.0
20.4
20.7
18.5
18.9
19.8

20.9
22.8
21.9
20.5
19.8
19.2
18.9
17.9
17.0
20.0
21.4
21.0

24.8
23.5
22.4
20.3
19.7
20.1
19.7
18.5
17.4
19.6
20.3
20.8

20.9
19.8
20.0
18.9
21.5
20.8
19.6
21.4
20.7
19.8
21.0
20.0

28.6
27.6
30.1
30.3
31.0
31.8
32.5
33.3
34.0
34.8
35.5
36.3

20.3
24.5
23.9
26.5
28.3
30.1
31.9
33.7
35.5
37.3
39.1
40.9

25.6
28.9
27.8
29.6
30.7
31.8
32.9
34.0
35.1
36.2
37.3
38.4

3:00
3:05
3:10
3:15

17.2
16.5
15.6
18.4

25.0
27.4
28.3
30.2

19.6
20.5
18.7
17.6

19.0
20.4
19.7
18.9

19.9
20.4
19.9
20.2

19.0
20.3
19.9
20.0

20.6
19.9
20.0
22.5

37.0
34.1
33.2
31.0

41.2
39.9
40.5
39.8

39.5
35.4
34.8
31.9

NQ12
38.5
38.9
39.3
39.7
40.1
40.5
40.9
38.7
37.6

NQ13
38.5
38.9
39.3
39.7
40.1
40.5
40.9
38.7
37.6

NQ14
38.5
37.6
39.3
38.4
40.1
39.9
40.9
36.5
37.6

NQ15
32.1
30.1
28.0
29.9
31.3
30.5
29.8
33.4
34.6

NQ16
33.3
34.7
29.8
31.6
32.7
34.8
35.2
33.6
35.4

NQ17
36.8
32.9
33.5
30.2
28.9
34.5
29.8
24.8
30.1

34.1
33.9
32.1
31.4
30.4
34.5
29.9
35.7
34.9
32.4
31.8
33.6

37.0
36.4
35.2
34.4
33.5
32.6
31.7
30.8
29.9
29.0
28.1
27.2

37.0
36.4
35.2
34.4
33.5
32.6
31.7
30.8
29.9
29.0
29.5
28.9

35.6
34.9
33.8
34.4
32.9
31.5
31.7
29.5
29.9
28.7
28.0
27.6

35.8
30.5
29.8
26.0
28.7
29.5
30.2
31.4
33.0
32.5
34.2
32.8

36.4
34.2
33.7
32.1
30.7
29.4
28.0
26.7
25.3
24.0
22.6
21.3

32.4
29.8
28.5
31.0
28.7
29.5
28.7
30.0
30.1
28.4
29.7
28.5

33.0
32.8
32.0
31.6

29.8
28.6
28.0
27.0

31.2
28.6
29.4
30.6

31.1
29.6
28.5
30.6

32.1
29.6
28.5
29.8

27.4
26.4
25.8
24.9

30.2
28.5
29.7
28.7

TIME
(HR)
3:20
3:25
3:30
3:35
3:40
3:45
3:50
3:55

NQ1
17.6
15.8
16.2
17.5
19.7
16.8
17.5
18.5

NQ2
26.4
29.4
30.2
27.5
26.5
28.6
27.9
29.4

NQ3
17.1
18.2
16.2
19.5
17.9
16.8
17.5
21.3

NQ4
21.5
20.9
22.5
23.8
19.9
18.6
20.4
21.8

NQ5
22.3
20.9
21.5
23.8
19.9
18.6
19.8
20.8

NQ6
19.8
22.4
23.5
22.6
21.3
19.6
20.0
19.7

NQ7
19.6
21.4
22.6
21.3
19.6
20.0
19.7
18.5

Location Code
NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11
29.1 39.5 29.5 31.1
27.2 39.1 30.5 30.6
25.3 38.8 29.9 30.1
23.4 38.4 32.5 29.6
21.5 38.1 30.5 29.1
19.6 37.7 28.9 28.6
17.7 37.4 30.5 28.1
15.8 37.0 31.4 29.4

4:00
4:05
4:10
4:15
4:20
4:25
4:30
4:35
4:40
4:45
4:50
4:55

19.4
21.5
18.6
19.8
21.6
22.4
19.4
17.5
20.5
21.9
22.5
20.5

28.3
24.4
25.3
23.0
21.5
20.8
18.5
22.5
26.7
27.5
28.6
27.5

22.4
21.5
18.6
19.8
21.6
22.4
23.6
24.1
21.5
22.8
23.6
24.1

22.0
23.8
24.0
25.7
26.2
24.9
23.4
22.8
23.5
21.9
23.6
21.7

21.9
22.9
23.7
24.6
21.8
25.7
24.5
25.3
20.9
21.7
19.9
22.9

20.1
19.9
22.5
20.9
21.7
19.9
22.4
23.0
22.8
21.6
22.3
24.3

20.4
19.9
21.3
20.7
21.0
18.9
21.7
22.4
20.5
19.8
21.5
22.6

18.5
20.1
22.3
24.1
26.0
27.9
29.8
31.7
33.6
35.5
37.4
38.2

36.7
34.9
33.8
32.2
30.8
29.3
27.9
26.4
25.0
23.5
22.1
20.6

32.5
36.7
38.5
41.9
44.9
47.9
48.3
50.4
46.7
45.9
44.8
45.7

5:00
5:05
5:10
5:15
5:20

21.3
22.6
19.8
18.6
20.4

28.0
31.2
32.5
31.4
33.5

22.5
23.1
20.6
19.9
22.3

21.0
22.9
22.6
22.0
23.9

21.5
20.9
20.7
19.9
18.8

23.6
21.5
20.9
20.7
19.9

21.8
20.6
19.6
23.7
24.2

39.5
38.7
40.0
39.9
40.2

19.2
24.8
26.9
31.3
35.2

48.2
49.7
47.5
47.8
47.4

NQ12
26.1
25.2
27.5
23.4
22.5
21.6
26.8
24.5

NQ13
28.7
27.6
27.5
28.4
29.6
29.0
28.7
29.3

NQ14
28.7
25.9
27.5
26.9
29.6
28.7
26.9
29.3

NQ15
27.7
25.9
26.0
26.7
29.6
28.7
26.9
29.3

NQ16
24.1
23.3
22.5
21.7
20.9
20.1
24.5
26.5

NQ17
26.8
27.6
28.2
28.0
27.7
28.5
29.4
28.5

29.0
33.4
32.5
35.1
36.9
38.6
40.4
42.1
43.9
44.2
43.7
45.6

25.8
26.7
25.8
27.3
26.1
28.7
26.1
27.4
26.9
30.2
33.4
34.2

30.0
28.7
26.8
27.3
26.1
28.7
26.1
27.4
26.9
30.2
33.4
34.2

30.6
28.7
29.5
27.3
25.8
26.4
25.3
27.4
25.8
27.8
29.6
28.7

30.6
29.7
28.6
27.3
28.0
26.4
28.5
31.4
30.7
28.9
29.6
28.7

28.9
30.5
27.6
27.0
34.5
33.7
25.1
31.2
23.8
34.5
22.4
34.8

29.8
31.2
33.4
35.1
36.9
36.8
38.9
40.1
41.5
42.7
43.5
41.8

47.5
46.8
48.5
47.7
47.5

33.8
35.7
36.8
38.4
39.9

32.8
34.8
36.8
38.4
39.9

30.1
31.5
35.6
37.5
39.9

29.8
31.5
32.4
34.6
33.7

35.2
37.4
35.6
36.5
36.7

42.3
41.5
40.6
39.8
41.3

TIME
(HR)
5:25
5:30
5:35
5:40
5:45
5:50
5:55

NQ1
23.5
22.6
23.7
19.6
18.4
20.6
24.6

NQ2
36.4
41.8
38.4
35.6
37.4
36.4
32.1

NQ3
23.5
21.9
26.5
27.3
19.4
20.6
23.8

NQ4
24.2
24.8
26.7
26.1
25.3
25.0
24.7

NQ5
17.9
21.8
20.1
23.8
24.1
23.6
24.9

NQ6
18.8
22.4
21.3
19.5
18.7
20.3
21.5

NQ7
19.5
21.3
20.2
18.9
17.5
22.5
20.6

Location Code
NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11
40.4 39.0 47.1 47.3
40.7 42.9 46.7 47.1
40.9 43.5 46.4 46.9
41.2 45.7 46.0 46.7
41.4 45.2 45.7 46.5
41.7 46.3 45.3 46.3
41.9 44.8 45.0 46.1

6:00
6:05
6:10
6:15
6:20
6:25
6:30
6:35
6:40
6:45
6:50
6:55

25.3
24.6
21.9
22.5
27.3
28.6
22.5
21.8
26.9
29.7
28.3
31.6

38.6
40.2
37.5
37.7
39.5
40.2
38.5
35.5
36.8
41.5
43.5
44.7

25.3
27.5
24.6
23.5
24.0
27.4
26.7
25.3
26.9
28.4
27.3
30.8

25.6
26.9
28.5
27.4
28.5
26.2
25.1
24.7
26.7
28.1
30.2
31.3

24.0
23.8
22.9
24.1
23.9
23.0
21.8
20.7
26.9
27.3
26.5
28.6

21.0
23.8
22.9
24.1
23.9
23.0
21.8
20.7
24.5
26.8
27.3
26.3

20.7
22.5
21.7
23.9
23.0
22.8
20.9
22.5
23.4
26.9
27.1
25.9

42.2
43.5
41.8
42.1
41.9
41.7
41.5
41.3
41.1
42.5
41.8
41.0

45.0
46.8
47.4
48.3
49.2
50.1
51.0
51.9
52.8
53.7
54.6
55.0

44.6
46.7
45.7
46.8
47.3
47.9
48.4
49.0
49.5
50.1
50.6
51.2

7:00
7:05
7:10
7:15
7:20
7:25

30.8
26.8
30.8
31.6
33.2
27.5

45.2
43.5
47.5
46.0
40.4
48.6

32.4
31.6
29.9
30.8
31.6
33.2

31.0
34.5
35.0
36.3
36.9
37.1

29.6
27.5
27.0
26.8
25.3
24.7

26.0
25.6
24.9
26.3
25.3
24.5

26.9
25.7
24.9
27.9
28.5
26.4

40.3
42.8
41.9
43.3
44.1
44.9

55.5
54.9
53.8
53.0
52.2
51.3

51.7
49.5
52.4
51.9
52.3
52.6

NQ12
41.4
42.9
44.4
45.9
47.4
48.9
47.2

NQ13
41.4
42.9
44.4
45.9
47.4
48.9
47.2

NQ14
41.4
40.8
42.6
44.9
47.4
45.7
47.2

NQ15
39.4
36.7
33.6
31.5
34.5
30.8
29.9

NQ16
38.4
37.1
38.9
35.4
36.2
37.9
38.1

NQ17
38.1
43.8
39.8
40.2
41.6
42.8
43.8

45.9
51.2
51.0
49.9
50.2
48.9
51.4
52.1
50.1
49.9
50.8
51.4

45.2
44.7
44.2
43.7
43.2
42.7
42.2
46.7
48.6
47.5
47.5
49.8

45.2
46.3
44.2
45.1
43.2
44.7
42.2
45.6
48.6
47.5
46.2
49.8

46.5
47.6
45.8
45.1
44.6
44.7
43.2
45.6
47.5
46.2
45.8
47.6

31.5
33.6
32.8
35.6
34.6
36.7
35.9
34.8
37.2
40.1
37.4
38.9

40.2
38.5
37.9
36.5
38.5
35.8
37.9
34.5
36.5
37.0
39.8
37.5

44.5
43.5
44.7
43.6
42.7
41.0
42.9
45.9
44.2
43.5
42.8
43.0

51.1
49.8
50.9
51.2
50.5
51.0

47.8
41.3
38.7
40.8
37.3
41.7

46.9
44.6
41.5
40.8
39.8
41.7

46.7
45.9
43.2
42.8
40.6
41.7

39.2
41.3
43.2
42.8
40.6
44.5

41.5
38.9
39.9
40.5
37.7
42.6

45.2
46.7
48.5
47.5
46.9
45.7

TIME
(HR)
7:30
7:35
7:40
7:45
7:50
7:55

NQ1
38.7
24.5
26.1
41.7
35.2
39.8

NQ2
44.5
47.9
49.8
46.9
45.8
47.8

NQ3
27.5
34.8
31.3
28.5
36.7
35.8

NQ4
35.4
36.5
37.3
37.9
39.9
39.3

NQ5
24.1
23.6
22.4
23.8
34.3
35.6

NQ6
23.4
22.8
23.0
26.7
28.9
30.1

NQ7
24.8
23.9
25.9
22.7
29.8
31.6

Location Code
NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11
45.7 50.5 53.0 50.5
46.5 52.8 53.3 51.9
47.3 54.3 53.6 49.9
48.1 51.7 54.0 47.8
48.9 53.6 54.3 48.9
49.7 49.8 54.7 50.4

8:00
8:05
8:10
8:15
8:20
8:25
8:30
8:35
8:40
8:45
8:50
8:55

26.4
31.2
44.8
36.9
37.8
32.1
43.9
42.6
33.5
39.4
46.8
40.8

49.0
46.5
45.7
39.8
41.7
46.8
50.1
42.6
49.6
50.2
48.7
45.6

37.4
36.2
35.6
37.0
34.9
39.6
40.5
42.6
38.9
41.8
44.9
42.8

40.8
39.7
41.3
38.9
36.8
38.5
39.0
40.2
37.8
41.6
39.6
39.0

37.2
38.5
40.3
41.5
42.3
39.6
41.5
42.3
39.9
40.7
39.9
40.1

31.2
32.4
32.8
33.9
36.4
30.7
31.6
37.3
36.7
35.6
34.5
33.5

32.7
31.2
32.4
35.3
34.8
36.4
34.5
33.5
30.8
37.2
38.0
37.4

50.5
49.9
51.3
51.4
51.8
52.2
52.6
53.0
53.4
53.8
54.2
54.6

54.8
49.8
53.4
51.3
50.6
52.6
49.2
48.5
50.8
53.8
54.6
54.0

55.0
53.1
54.7
54.0
53.8
52.9
51.8
58.4
53.2
57.6
54.6
55.3

51.7
50.9
49.8
48.9
52.7
51.9
50.6
52.4
51.5
51.0
52.5
49.7

NQ12
51.9
46.4
41.5
45.5
44.9
45.6

NQ13
51.9
46.4
41.5
45.5
45.6
45.6

NQ14
49.8
46.4
47.5
45.5
44.9
46.8

NQ15
43.6
41.7
45.6
43.2
44.9
43.6

NQ16
36.1
43.5
40.2
39.8
38.7
41.6

NQ17
49.6
51.2
49.8
52.4
53.6
50.4

48.9
44.1
50.2
46.8
49.7
52.3
51.6
43.7
42.2
52.4
49.9
50.2

49.8
51.4
50.2
52.3
53.7
52.3
51.6
50.6
53.7
54.7
55.7
54.9

48.7
50.3
49.7
51.4
50.6
52.3
50.6
51.3
52.4
53.8
54.3
53.6

45.8
48.7
47.6
49.2
50.1
52.4
51.9
53.6
51.9
53.0
53.6
54.2

44.5
47.5
48.6
51.0
52.4
49.8
50.3
57.6
59.8
52.4
49.8
50.9

52.4
52.8
53.0
54.9
52.6
50.6
54.8
52.9
51.0
53.6
51.4
52.6

Table A.5.2 : Hourly Leq Value in Different Monitoring Locations

Hours

Location code
NQ1 NQ2 NQ3 NQ4 NQ5 NQ6 NQ7 NQ8 NQ9 NQ10 NQ11 NQ12 NQ13 NQ14 NQ15 NQ16 NQ17
00-00 23.26 45.05 25.97 33.49 42.13 39.70 43.33 46.16 32.57 33.92 27.23 39.16 40.79 40.49 38.57 41.86 41.58
01-00 22.39 32.93 22.05 24.71 25.55 28.20 25.55 32.16 22.62 28.42 31.77 38.89 38.89 38.38 32.12 33.87 34.17
02-00 17.54 27.57 18.74 19.79 19.97 20.14 20.01 32.77 34.76 33.85 32.77 32.24 32.35 31.49 30.92 29.48 29.77
03-00 17.43 28.33 18.20 20.65 20.58 20.67 20.27 28.32 38.50 31.57 30.13 25.70 28.56 28.21 27.91 23.80 28.58
04-00 20.72 25.56 22.07 23.61 23.06 21.74 20.69 32.62 29.65 45.74 41.17 29.14 29.30 27.35 28.73 31.04 39.45
05-00 21.76 36.10 23.00 24.22 21.68 20.27 20.85 40.35 42.18 46.60 46.71 44.12 44.11 43.01 34.05 36.87 41.60
06-00 27.06 40.35 26.69 27.66 24.78 24.16 23.79 41.51 51.43 48.42 50.34 45.86 45.93 45.61 36.29 37.15 43.68
07-00 35.52 46.75 32.49 36.84 28.94 25.83 26.96 46.05 52.42 52.69 50.00 44.87 45.23 45.39 43.04 40.04 49.72
08-00 41.20 47.41 44.11 43.69 44.16 42.51 42.61 52.75 52.18 54.80 51.37 49.94 53.13 52.15 52.00 53.58 52.90
09-00 52.69 51.31 53.47 54.06 56.27 53.06 64.90 53.33 58.15 50.71 58.75 49.95 49.99 53.11 51.00 50.67 60.66
10-00 61.11 53.28 57.09 59.76 59.85 62.71 67.74 58.70 58.20 54.95 55.59 59.14 74.55 63.92 53.29 54.21 67.23
11-00 53.16 57.32 59.68 58.32 54.48 58.05 66.61 61.27 66.52 58.64 61.26 60.49 67.79 73.87 52.33 47.84 69.90
12-00 55.10 55.17 57.74 53.95 52.47 71.00 85.90 61.77 61.37 61.37 57.60 57.09 68.33 73.61 49.50 51.23 68.23
13-00 58.64 59.82 59.99 51.68 62.34 70.36 65.64 65.06 54.63 56.06 61.37 51.45 64.93 72.81 48.41 56.33 68.12
14-00 59.77 57.95 51.57 51.62 53.20 70.56 64.58 60.56 49.09 53.16 61.75 51.14 60.52 66.10 48.07 56.25 69.45
15-00 58.16 49.32 48.70 50.18 53.65 64.05 59.54 54.08 49.48 52.30 52.89 49.33 57.62 67.22 54.44 59.78 64.62

16-00 56.95 50.24 58.19 54.24 53.26 64.14 64.35 62.70 63.90 54.88 53.30 48.67 55.46 66.52 55.25 56.40 65.05
17-00 54.13 48.93 62.66 52.17 54.85 53.53 65.85 52.06 59.55 52.45 53.61 51.98 58.93 66.92 54.20 52.37 69.19
18-00 54.35 56.20 56.22 55.48 56.39 57.54 66.61 59.68 61.85 52.03 58.15 50.39 56.11 68.48 49.29 57.07 69.38
19-00 54.12 50.56 47.10 46.90 56.51 55.54 64.67 56.72 56.34 57.91 53.72 51.45 53.76 58.42 44.61 52.59 69.22
20-00 49.17 50.13 51.97 50.31 56.17 54.07 50.38 51.24 51.72 51.15 47.65 49.99 53.29 59.15 44.07 51.60 75.76
21-00 39.27 53.69 50.30 50.88 52.62 52.55 49.91 47.44 49.11 48.71 48.10 46.30 49.24 59.58 40.90 48.86 75.69
22-00 34.92 50.02 49.00 50.69 49.40 52.07 49.09 50.67 50.67 43.82 41.67 44.21 48.36 50.68 42.80 46.50 61.24
23-00 26.93 45.50 34.65 43.38 49.06 49.66 49.53 49.33 39.13 47.51 31.92 44.69 44.24 43.80 41.38 45.46 51.97