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ECE104L Experiment 1

This experiment examines three small-signal amplifier circuit arrangements: common-base, common-emitter, and common-collector. Each circuit has a different characteristic. The common-base amplifier amplifies well and achieves the highest voltage gain. The common-emitter circuit demonstrates phase reversal, with the output signal 180 degrees out of phase from the input. The common-collector amplifier has the lowest voltage gain of approximately one.

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Sharmaine Tan
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197 views3 pages

ECE104L Experiment 1

This experiment examines three small-signal amplifier circuit arrangements: common-base, common-emitter, and common-collector. Each circuit has a different characteristic. The common-base amplifier amplifies well and achieves the highest voltage gain. The common-emitter circuit demonstrates phase reversal, with the output signal 180 degrees out of phase from the input. The common-collector amplifier has the lowest voltage gain of approximately one.

Uploaded by

Sharmaine Tan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Interpretation Of Results:

Experiment 1: Small Signal Amplifier is an experiment done by making


use of transistors as amplifiers. These amplifiers increase the amplitude of
signals. During the experiment, we were tasked to create different kinds of
circuit

representing

the

different

types

of

amplifiers

(common-base,

common-emitter, and common-collector). As presented, the experiment


involves three circuit arrangements of small-signal amplifiers namely the
common-base, common-emitter, and the common-collector. Each circuit
arrangement of small-signal amplifier has its own characteristic.
Part 1 of the experiment: common-base small-signal amplifier was performed
where the emitter acts as the input terminal and the collector as the output
terminal. During the experiment, making use of the oscilloscope we can
observe that this circuit amplifies very well, and through the values of the
input voltage and output voltage we can observe how greater the output
voltage has become compared to its input voltage. Part 2 of the experiment:
common emitter small-signal amplifier makes use of the base as the input
terminal and the collector as the output terminal. The common emitters
graph in the oscilloscope exhibited to us a reverse phase reversal seeing the
difference in the input and output voltages graphs. Lastly, Part 3 of the
experiment is the common collector small signal amplifier. The base and the
emitter are the input and output terminals, respectively.
In order for a transistor to amplify ac signals, it must operate in the active
condition. This is done by forward biasing the base-emitter junction and
reverse biasing the base-collector junction. As performed in the experiment,
the DC operation was done first before applying ac signal to ensure that
there will be an amplification.
The voltage gain describes how much amplification is done to the input

ac voltage. It is the ratio of the output ac voltage to the input ac voltage. In


the experiment, each small-signal amplifier circuit arrangement was
analysed in order to see which one produces the most voltage gain and
which one demonstrates phase reversal.
Based on the results of the experiment the common base amplifier
achieved the highest value of voltage gain and the common collector for the
lowest. This describes and explains to us that the common base small signal
amplifier is the best amplifier when it comes to voltage, and the common
collector is the worst. The common emitter however is in between them.
Also, the common emitter was the one observed that demonstrates phase
reversal. The phase shift from input to output is 180 degrees, which is just
another way of saying the signal is flipped in polarity. What the phase shift
means is that as the input starts going positive, the output starts going
negative. The phase shift is due to how the device works in that
configuration. When the voltage on the input starts to go positive, the device
is forward biased even more than it was at idle. As forward bias increases,
collector current increases. That's how the device works. Turn it on more, and
more current flows through it. As collector current increases, collector
voltage decreases. There's the key. Increasing base voltage causes
increasing collector current and decreases collector voltage. Increasing base
voltage causes decreasing collector voltage. And the opposite is true.

CONCLUSION:
I therefore conclude that:
o An amplifier is an electronic circuit capable of increasing current,
voltage and power.

o A small-signal amplifier is an amplifier designed to handle small ac


signals.
o A small-signal amplifier can make use of three circuit arrangements
namely the common-base, common-emitter and the common-collector.
o Before performing ac analysis to the amplifier, one must ensure that a
certain circuit arrangement can really do perform amplification.
o Amplification is done by forward biasing the base-emitter junction and
reverse biasing the base-collector junction during DC analysis. With
these conditions, we can ensure that the circuit is in active condition
and can conduct amplification.
o Voltage gain describes how much amplification is done to the input ac
voltage. It is the ratio of the output ac voltage to the input ac voltage.
o The common-base amplifier provides the most voltage gain,
o The common-emitter which shows a small gain.
o The common-collector amplifier has an approximate voltage gain that
is equal to one which means that the voltage at the input signal is
equal to the voltage at the output signal.
o The only circuit arrangement that shows phase reversal is the
common-emitter amplifier.

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