SELENIUM REAL TIME INTERVIEW QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

Difference between Absolute path & Relative path.

Absolute path will start with root path (/) and Relative path will from current path
(//)
Tell me some TestNG Annotations.
@Test,@Parameters,@Listeners,@BeforeSuite,@AfterSuite,@BeforeTest,@AfterTest,
@DataProvider,@BeforeGroups,@AfterGroups,@BeforeClass,@AfterClass,
@BeforeMethod,@AfterMethod,@Factory
What are desired capabilities?
Desired Capabilities help to set properties for the Web Driver. A typical use case
would
be
to
set the path for the Firefox Driver if your local installation doesn't correspond to
the
default
settings.
Difference
Web driver.
Selenium RC
Selenium RCs
complicated.

between

architecture

Selenium

is

way

more

RC

and

Selenium

Selenium Web driver

Web Drivers architecture is simpler

than Selenium RCs.
Selenium RC is slower since it uses a Web Driver is faster than Selenium
JavaScript program called Selenium Core.RC since it speaks directly to the
This Selenium Core is the one that directly browser uses the browsers own
controls the browser, not you.
engine to control it.
Selenium Core, just like other JavaScript Web Driver interacts with page
codes, can access disabled elements.
elements in a more realistic way.
Selenium RCs API is more matured but Web Drivers API is simpler than
contains redundancies and often confusing Selenium RCs. It does not contain
commands.
redundant and confusing commands.
Selenium RC cannot support the headless
HtmlUnit browser. It needs a real, visible Web Driver can support the headless
browser to operate on.
HtmlUnit browser.
Selenium RC Has Built-In Test Result Web Driver has no built-in command
Generator.
Selenium
RC
automaticallythat automatically generates a Test
generates an HTML file of test results.
Results File.
Selenium RC needs the help of the RC Server web Driver directly talks to the
in order to do so.
browser
It
cannot
readily
support
new
Selenium RC can support new browsers
browsers
Difference between Web driver listener and TestNG Listener.
TestNG and Web driver Listener have different interfaces to implement and call
them.
They
both
modify respective behaviour. You can use Listeners in Annotation. Below 2 URL
gives
the
detailed list of listener and their interfaces.
Describe your framework.
Which is the best way to locate an element?
Finding elements by ID is usually going to be the fastest option, because at its
root, it eventually calls down to document.getElementById(), which is optimized by
many browsers.
Finding elements by XPath is useful for finding elements using very complex
selectors, and is the most flexible selection strategy, but it has the potential to be
very slow, particularly in IE. In IE 6, 7, or 8, finding by XPath can be an order of
magnitude slower than doing the same in Firefox. IE provides no native XPath-

over-HTML solution, so the project must use a JavaScript XPath implementation,

and the JavaScript engine in legacy versions of IE really is that much slower.
If you have a need to find an element using a complex selector, I usually
recommend using CSS Selectors, if possible. It's not quite as flexible as XPath, but
will cover many of the same cases, without exhibiting the extreme performance
penalty on IE that XPath can.
Why we refer Firefox driver to the web driver inheritance.
web Driver driver = new FireFoxDriver();
WebDriver is an interface which contain several abstract methods such as get(...),
findElamentBy(...) etc.
We simply create reference of web Driver and we can assign objects (Firefox driver,
CromeDriver, IEDriver, Andriod driver etc) to it.
Ex :
WebDriver driver = new FireFoxDriver();-----------(1)
If we are using (1) we can do the same thing by using
FireFoxDriver driver = new FireFoxDriver();---------(2)
We can use (1) and (2) for same purpose but if we want to switch to another
browser in same program
then again we have to create the object of other class as for example
CromeDriver driver = new CromeDriver();.
creating object of several class is not good. So we create the reference of
WebDriver and
we assign the objects of another class as for example
WebDriver driver; // it is created only one time in the program
driver = new FireFoxDriver();// any where in the program
driver = new CromeDriver(); // any where in the program
What are the features of TestNG?
TestNG is a testing framework designed to simplify a broad range of testing needs,
from
unit testing (testing a class in isolation of the others) to integration testing
(testing
entire
systems made of several classes, several packages and even several external
frameworks,
such as application servers). You can use test suite,annotations, automatically
generation
of report and much more.
What is the difference between thread.Sleep() and selenium. Set Speed ("2000")?
If the application is taking time to load the page then we use
selenium.waitforpageload(" "). This command is doesnt wait upto the given time
whenever the page load is completed.
If the application is taking time to refresh the page, then we use Thread. Sleep
( ).it is a standard wait it simply wait to the given time.
selenium.setSpeed
Takes a single argument in string format
Ex: selenium.setSpeed("2000") - will wait for 2 seconds
Runs each command in after setSpeed delay by the number of milliseconds
mentioned in set Speed.
thread.sleep
Takes a single argument in integer format
ex: thread. Sleep(2000) - will wait for 2 seconds
Waits for only once at the command given at sleep.
In what situation selenium finding element get fails?
Element loading issue
Dynamic id of web element
What is the difference between "GET" and "NAVIGATE" to open a web page in
selenium web driver?

Get method will get a page to load or get page source or get text that's all whereas
navigate
will guide through the history like refresh, back, forward. For example if we want
to
move
forward and do some functionality and back to the home page this can be
achieved
through navigate() only. driver.get will wait till the whole page gets loaded and
driver.navigate
will just redirect to that page and will not wait
Please tell me the difference b/w implicitly Wait and Explicit wait.
Implicit Wait sets internally a timeout that will be used for all consecutive Web
Element searches. It will try lookup the element again and again for the specified
amount of time before throwing a NoSuchElementException if the element could
not have been found. It does only this and can't be forced into anything else - it
waits for elements to show up.
Explicit Wait or just Wait is a one-timer used by you for a particular search. It is
more extendible in the means that you can set it up to wait for any condition you
might like. Usually, you can use some of the prebuilt Expected Conditions to wait
for elements to become clickable, visible, invisible, etc., or just write your own
condition that suits your needs.
How we can retrieve the dynamically changing Ids? When we login Facebook the
login label's id changes dynamically thus resulting in failure.
We have a hierarchy of locators and Facebook Is dynamic in nature,so we are not
able
to
use "id" for identification for after that we have remaining 7 locator's for that :2.
xpath
()..
3. name..4. css.. 5. link text.. 6. Partial link text...7.tag name. so u can use any one
for
identifying it. Most probably u can use "xpath" or "css-locator" and if there r tag
then
link text or partial-link text. it depend on u . But we never use id's in Ajax
application
because its not possible.
15.What is the difference between driver.Close() and driver.Quit () method?
Close() - It is used to close the browser or page currently which is having the focus.
Quit() - It is used to shut down the web driver instance or destroy the web driver
instance
(Close all the windows)
How to scroll web element?--not browser
FirefoxProfile profile=new FirefoxProfile();
profile.setEnableNativeEvents(true);
WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver(profile);
driver.navigate("http://jqueryui.com/draggable/");
Thread.sleep(6000L);
WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='draggable']"));
Actions actn=new Actions(driver);
actn.dragAndDropBy(element, 50, 50).build().perform();
}
What is the basic use of Firefox profiles and how can we use them using selenium?
A profile in Firefox is a collection of bookmarks, browser settings, extensions,
passwords,
and history; in short, all of your personal settings.
We use them to change user agent, changing default download directory, changing
versions etc.
Customize the name of file going to be downloaded?
You have to download AUTO IT.exe file and has to be install

and later you have create .au3 file (in this file you have to specify the commands in
VB script like your file name, where have to save, it will be easy may be 3 or 4
steps
)
using AUTOIT...then right click the .au3 file you have to compile ....after that you
will
get the .exe file with the name of .au3 file ..In eclipse you will give the code like
this
<----ProcessBuildder ps = new ProcessBuilder("path of the .exe file of au3")
.start();--->
How to handle internationalisation through web driver?
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.set Preference("intl.accept_languages","jp");
Web driver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile); driver.get(google.com) will open
google
in
Japanese Lang
How to overcome same origin policy through web driver?
Proxy server.
DesiredCapabilities capability=new DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
capability.setCapability(CapabilityType.PROXY,"your desire proxy")
WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver(capability);
How to put text in Facebook search box using selenium web driver.
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[contains(@class, '_586i')]")).sendKeys("abc");
Difference between flex and flash application.
In flash there is no code just based on creativity(design) we will complete the
work(time consuming process) whereas flex contain some small functions
which is integrated with mxml,PHP..(no tool is there to develop
flex we want to use the properties of css and style sheet)
What is Error Collector in TestNG?
What is its use?
This class allows the collection of errors during the process of retrieving the
test data for the test method parameters
How can we get the font size, font color, font type used for a particular text on a
webpage using Selenium web driver?
driver.findelement(By.Xpath("Xpath ").getcssvalue("font-size);
driver.findelement(By.Xpath("Xpath ").getcssvalue("font-colour);
driver.findelement(By.Xpath("Xpath ").getcssvalue("font-type);
driver.findelement(By.Xpath("Xpath ").getcssvalue("background-colour);
How to run tests in multiple browser parallel?
Is there any other option other than selenium grid?
You create a class with a method something like this:
public class LaunchBrowser {
WebDriver driver=null;
// Pass parameter browser from test.xml
@Parameters(browser)
public void initiateBrowser(String browser){
// compare browser to fire fox and then open firefox driver
if(browser.equals(Firefox))
{
driver = new FirefoxDriver();

}
else
{
\ set path to the IE driver correctly here
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "\iexploredriver.exe");
driver =new InternetExplorerDriver();
}
}
Now create YourClassName class and call extend the above class something like
this
@Test
public class YourClassName extends LaunchBrowser{
public void gotoGoogle(){
driver.get(http://www.google.com");
}
}
How to prepare Customized html Report using TestNG in hybrid framework.
Below are the 3 ways:
Junit: with the help of ANT.
TestNG: using inbuilt default.html to get the HTML report. Also XST reports from
ANT,
Selenium, TestNG combination.
Using our own customized reports using XSL jar for converting XML content to
HTML.
Whats the hierarchy of TestNG annotations?
Explain me about annotation hierarchy & execution order?
org.testng.annotations.Parameters (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.Listeners (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.Test (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod
(implements
java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.Optional (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.AfterTest (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.Guice (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.BeforeGroups
(implements
java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.ExpectedExceptions
(implements
java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.TestInstance (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.NoInjection (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.AfterSuite (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.AfterClass (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.AfterGroups (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.DataProvider (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.BeforeSuite (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.Factory (implements java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.Configuration
(implements
java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
org.testng.annotations.ObjectFactory
(implements
java.lang.annotation.Annotation)
How the TestNG interacts with Selenium Core?
Explain me steps and internal architecture?"

What is TestNG?
So far we had been doing Selenium tests without generating a proper format for
the test results. From this point on, we shall tackle how to make these reports
using a test framework called TestNG.
TestNG is a testing framework that overcomes the limitations of another popular
testing framework called JUnit. The "NG" means "Next Generation". Most Selenium
users use this more than JUnit because of its advantages. There are so many
features of TestNG, but we will only focus on the most important ones that we can
use in Selenium.Advantages of TestNG over JUnit
There are three major advantages of TestNG over JUnit:
Annotations are easier to understand Test cases can be grouped more easily
Parallel testing is possible
Is it possible test web services using selenium?
Using Jmeter we can test how one website is talking to each other means time
taken
to
send data, feeds, messages from one website to other website. Jmeter does a nice
job
of doubling for performance and api tests.
How to refresh a page without using context click?
1.Using sendKeys.Keys method
2.Using navigate.refresh() method
3.Using navigate.refresh() method
4.Using get() method
5.Using sendKeys() method
1.Using sendKeys.Keys method
driver.get("https://accounts.google.com/SignUp");
driver.findElement(By.id("firstname-placeholder")).sendKeys(Keys.F5);
2.Using navigate.refresh() method
driver.get("http://ruchi-myseleniumblog.blogspot.in/2013/12/100-seleniuminterview-questions.html");
driver.navigate().refresh();
3.Using navigate.to() method
driver.get("http://ruchi-myseleniumblog.blogspot.in/2014/01/selenium-hybridframework-using.html");
driver.navigate().to(driver.getCurrentUrl());
4.Using get() method
driver.get("http://ruchi-myseleniumblog.blogspot.in/2013/12/basic-core-javainterview-questions.html");
driver.get(driver.getCurrentUrl());
5.Using sendKeys() method
driver.get("https://accounts.google.com/SignUp");
driver.findElement(By.id("firstname-placeholder")).sendKeys("\uE035");
Can u send a code for printing in selenium?
There are two cases:
Case1. Any hyperlink/button on a web page, n clicking that link/button a print
dialog
box
opens. (Performing an action on web page)
Case2.or do u want to open print dialog box within ur own script, not by performing
any
action on web page.
So If Case 1: just a call for WebElement.click() event will work to open it.
If Case 2: Call a Printer Job object (Use Awt API).
For code: Google it.
How to find broken images in a page using Selenium Web driver.

Get xpath and then using tag name; get all the links in the page Click on each and
every link in the page
In the target page title, look for 404/500 error.
How to find broken images in a page using Selenium package programs;
import
import
import
import
import
import
import
import

java.util.List;
org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
org.openqa.selenium.By;
org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class findbrokenimages {

static int invalidimg;
static WebDriver driver ;
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://ruchi-myseleniumblog.blogspot.in");
invalidimg = 0;
List allImages = driver.findElements(By.tagName("img"));
System.out.println("Total images are " + allImages.size());
for (int i = 0; i < allImages.size(); i++) {
WebElement img = (WebElement) allImages.get(i);
if (img != null) {
verifyimgActive(img);
}
}
System.out.println("Total invalid images are " + invalidimg);
driver.quit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
public static void verifyimgActive(WebElement img) {
try {
HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpClient().execute(new
HttpGet(img.getAttribute("src")));
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != 200)
invalidimg++;
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
How to handle Ajax popup window?
By using getWindowHandles() and obj.switchTo.window(windowid) we can handle
popups
using
explicit wait and driver.swtchT0.window("name") commands for your requirements.
How to handle auto complete box in web driver?
driver.findElement(By.id("your searchBox")).sendKeys("your partial keyword");
Thread.sleep(3000);
List <WebElement> listItems = driver.findElements(By.xpath("your list item
locator"));
listItems.get(0).click();

driver.findElement(By.id("your searchButton")).click();

How to get the name of browser using Web Driver?

public class JsExecute
{
WebDriver driver;
JavascriptExecutor js;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception
{
driver=new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.google.com");
}
@Test
public void test()
{
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
System.out.println(js.executeScript("return navigator.appCodeName"));
}}
OR
String
s
=
(String)
((JavascriptExecutor)
driver).executeScript("return
navigator.userAgent;");
System.out.println("Browser name : " + s);
How to handle colors in web driver?
Use getCssValue(arg0) function to get the colors by sending 'color' string as an
argument.
Example
String col = driver.findElement(By.id(locator)).getCssValue("color");
How to pass parameters from testng.xml into test case.
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class Parallelexecution {
private WebDriver driver = null;
@BeforeTest
@Parameters({ "BROWSER" })
public void setup(String BROWSER) {
System.out.println("Browser: " + BROWSER);
if (BROWSER.equals("FF")) {
System.out.println("Firefox Browser is selected");
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
} else if (BROWSER.equals("IE")) {
System.out.println("Internet Explorer Browser is selected");
driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
} else if (BROWSER.equals("HU")) {
System.out.println("Html Unit Browser is selected");
driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
} else if (BROWSER.equals("CH")) {

System.out.println("Google chrome Browser is selected");

driver = new ChromeDriver();
}
}
@Test
public void testParallel() throws Exception {
driver.get("http://ruchi-myseleniumblog.blogspot.in/2013/12/100-seleniuminterview-questions.html");
}
}
How to get text from captcha image??
driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='SkipCaptcha']")).click();
String
attr
ie.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='SkipCaptcha']")).getAttribute("value");
System.out.println("The value of the attribute 'Name' is " + attr);

Is there a way to click hidden LINK in web driver?

String Block1 = driver.findElement(By.id("element ID"));
JavascriptExecutor js1=(JavascriptExecutor)driver;
js1.executeScript("$("+Block1+").css({'display':'block'});");
What Class Extends Web Driver?
AndroidDriver, ChromeDriver, EventFiringWebDriver, FirefoxDriver,
HtmlUnitDriver,
InternetExplorerDriver, IPhoneDriver, PhantomJSDriver, RemoteWebDriver,
SafariDriver
What are the APIs that support Web Driver?
API are nothing but collection of all selenium commands for Locating UI Elements
(WebElements),Fetching a Page,User Input etc
How to disable cookies in browser.
Using deleteAllVisibleCookies() in selenium
"We have heard about frameworks well it can be broadly classified into these TDD,
BDD and ATDD frameworks .Whats the Difference?"
TDD- Test Driven Development, Behaviour Driven Development & Acceptance
TestDriven Development
Well, you could see the above Acronyms buzzing over all Automation folks. I was
not sure on what it means and How it differs each other. How each methodology
will benefit? and where exactly it will help in the Development Life cycle.
Finally, after some analysis I had found out the differences and posting it here.
Readers are always welcomed to correct me if I am wrong.
First lets list out what exactly each methodology does means
TDD Test Driven Development
Its also called test-driven design, is a method of software development in which
unit testing is repeatedly done on source code. Write your tests watch it fails and
then refactor it. The concept is we write these tests to check if the code we wrote
works fine. After each test, refactoring is done and then the same or a similar test
is performed again. The process is iterated as many times as necessary until each
unit is functionally working as expected. TDD was introduced first by XP. I believe I
have explained enough in simple terms.
BDD Behaviour Driven Development
Behavior-driven development combines the general techniques and principles of
TDD with ideas from domain-driven design
DDD-Domain Driven Testing
BDD is similar in many ways to TDD except that the word test is replaced with
the word Behaviour. Its purpose is to help the the folks devising the system

(i.e., the developer) identify appropriate tests to writethat is, tests that reflect
the behavior desired by the stakeholders. BDD is usually done in very English-like
language helps the Domain experts to understand the implementation rather than
exposing the code level tests. Its defined in a GWT format, GIVEN WHEN & THEN.
How to change user agent in Firefox by selenium web driver.
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.setPreference("general.useragent.override", "some UA string");
Web Driver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile);
What is Selenese?
Selenese is HTML language based command, which is used in Selenium IDE.
Differences between QTP and selenium.
1) Selenium generates a proxy while starting browser. QTP does not
2) QTP uses only Vb script. Selenium is available in many languages
3) QTP is paid and selenium is free.
4) You can run script from a particular line in QTP but in selenium, you cannot.
5) Selenium works on all browsers. QTP only works on IE, mozilla. Support from
chrome has been introduced lately.
6) QTP is more organized and user friendly
7) Selenium requires more technical skills
8) QTP can also be used on desktop based applications but selenium cannot be
used
What is the MOST challenging test problem in my career in Automation?
In my career
Changing XPATHS' between testing server and production server-by keeping
generic xpath
Keep separate property files for production and UAT
automating flash apps
Mobile Automation
Suppose developer changed the existing image to
new image with same xpath. Is test case pass or fail?"
Pass
How to handle network latency using selenium?
Using driver.manage.pageLoadingtime for network latency
How does u handle dynamic elements without using xpath (with example?)
By using classname or css.
What are the different types of driver implementation?
AndroidDriver, AndroidWebDriver, ChromeDriver, EventFiringWebDriver,
FirefoxDriver, HtmlUnitDriver, InternetExplorerDriver, IPhoneDriver,
IPhoneSimulatorDriver, RemoteWebDriver, SafariDriver, WebDriverBackedSelenium
Code for Opening Firefox browser?
Webdriver driver=new FireFoxdriver();
Which repository you have used to store the test scripts?
I have created scripts in excel file and store them in Test cases folder under src .
How to work with radio button in web driver?
We can select the value from the drop down by using 3 methods.
selectByVisibleText - select by the text displayed in drop down
selectByIndex - select by index of option in drop down
selectByValue - select by value of option in drop down
<select id="44"><option value="1">xyz</option>
<option value="2">abc</option>

<option value="3">pqr</option>
</select>
WebElement e = driver.findElement(By.id("44"));
Select selectElement=new Select(e);
// both of the below statements will select first option in the weblist
selectElement.selectByVisibleText("xyz");
selectElement.selectByValue("1");
How to work with dynamic web table?
You can get the total number of <tr> tags within a <td> tag by giving the xpath of
the
<td> element by using this function List<WebElement> ele = driver.findElements(By.xpath("Xpath of the table"));
Now you can use a for each loop to loop through each of the <tr> tags in the above
list
and then read each value by using getText() method.
Detail about TestNG Test Output folder.
It is the directory where reports are generated. Every time tests run in a suite,
TestNG
creates index.html and other files in the output directory.
In frame if no frame Id as well as no frame name then which attribute I should
consider throughout our script.
You can go like this.....driver.findElements(By.xpath("//iframe"))...
Then it will return List of frames then switch to each and every frame and search
for the locator which you want then break the loop
What is object repository?
It is collection of object names their properties, attributes and their values .It maye
be excel, XML,property file or text file
TestNG vs. Junit?
Advantages of TestNG over Junit
In Junit we have to declare @BeforeClass and @AfterClass which is a constraint
where as in TestNG there is no constraint like this.
Additional Levels of setUp/tearDown level are available in TestNG like
@Before/AfterSuite,@Before/AfterTest and @Before/AfterGroup. No Need to extend
any class in TestNG.
There is no method name constraint in TestNG as in Junit. You can give any name to
the test methods in TestNG
In TestNG we can tell the test that one method is dependent on another method
where as in Junit this is not possible. In Junit each test is independent of another
test.
Grouping of testcases is available in TestNG where as the same is not available in
Junit.
Execution can be done based on Groups. For ex. If you have defined many cases
and segregated them by defining 2 groups as Sanity and Regression. Then if you
only want to execute the Sanity cases then just tell TestNG to execute the
Sanity and TestNG will automatically execute the cases belonging to the Sanity
group. Also using TestNG your selenium test case execution can be done in parallel.
What is the difference between @before method and @beforeclass.
In JUnit4 @Before is used to execute set of preconditions before executing a test.
For example, if there is a need to open some application and create a user
before executing a test, then this annotation can be used for that method. Method
that is marked with @Before will be executed before executing every test in the
class.
If a JUnit test case class contains lot of tests which all together need a
method which sets up a precondition and that needs to be executed before
executing the Test Case class then we can utilise @BeforeClass annotation.

What are the different Parameters for @Test annotation?

Parameters are keywords that modify the annotations function.
Can we run group of test cases using TestNG?
Test cases in group in Selenium using TestNG will be executed with the below
options.
If you want to execute the test cases based on one of the group like regression test
or smoke test
@Test(groups = {"regressiontest", "smoketest"})
Differences between Selenium web driver, IDE and RC?
How to highlight an object like qtp/uft does through selenium and java?
public void highlightElement(WebDriver driver, WebElement element) {
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("arguments[0].setAttribute('style',
arguments[1]);",
element,
"color: yellow; border: 2px solid yellow;");
js.executeScript("arguments[0].setAttribute('style', arguments[1]);", element, "");
}}
Call the highlightElement method and pass webdriver and WebElement which you
want to highlight as arguments.
What are the different assertions in SIDE?
Assertionsare like Accessors, but they verify that the state of the application
conforms to what is expected. Examples include "make sure the page title is X" and
"verify that this checkbox is checked".
All Selenium Assertions can be used in 3 modes: "assert", "verify", and "waitFor".
For example, you can "assertText", "verifyText" and "waitForText". When an
"assert" fails, the test is aborted. When a "verify" fails, the test will continue
execution, logging the failure. This allows a single "assert" to ensure that the
application is on the correct page, followed by a bunch of "verify" assertions to test
form field values, labels, etc.
"waitFor" commands wait for some condition to become true (which can be useful
for testing Ajax applications). They will succeed immediately if the condition is
already true. However, they will fail and halt the test if the condition does not
become true within the current timeout setting (see the setTimeout action below).
How to store a value which is text box using web driver?
driver.findElement(By.id("your Textbox")).sendKeys("your keyword");
How to handle alerts and confirmation boxes.
Confirmation boxes and Alerts are handled in same way in selenium.
var alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
alert.dismiss(); //Click Cancel or Close window operation
alert.accept(); //Click OK
Handle Confirmation boxes via JavaScript,
driver.executeScript("window.confirm = function(message){return true;};");
How to mouse hover on an element?
Actions action = new Actions(webdriver);
WebElement we = webdriver.findElement(By.xpath("html/body/div[13]/ul/li[4]/a"));
action.moveToElement(we).moveToElement(webdriver.findElement(By.xpath("/expr
ession-here"))).click().build().perform();
How to switch between the windows?
private void handlingMultipleWindows(String windowTitle) {
Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles();
for (String window : windows) {
driver.switchTo().window(window);
if (driver.getTitle().contains(windowTitle)) { return; } } }

How to switch between frames?

WebDriver's driver.switchTo().frame() method takes one of the three possible
arguments:
A number.
Select a frame by its (zero-based) index. That is, if a page has three frames, the
first frame would be at index "0", the second at index "1" and the third at index
"2". Once the frame has been selected, all subsequent calls on the WebDriver
interface are made to that frame.
A name or ID.
Select a frame by its name or ID. Frames located by matching name attributes are
always given precedence over those matched by ID.
A previously found WebElement.
Select a frame using its previously located WebElement.
Get the frame by it's id/name or locate it by driver.findElement() and you'll be
good.
What is actions class in web driver?
Actions class with web Driver help is Sliding element, Resizing an Element, Drag &
Drop,
hovering a mouse, especially in a case when dealing with mouse over menus.
Dragging & Dropping an Element:
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
public class testDragandDrop {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/droppable/default.html");
WebElement draggable = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='draggable']"));
WebElement droppable = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='droppable']"));
Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.dragAndDrop(draggable, droppable).perform();
}
}
Sliding an Element:
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
public class testSlider {
/**
* @param args
* @throws InterruptedException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/slider/default.html");
WebElement slider = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='slider']/a"));
Actions action = new Actions(driver);
Thread.sleep(3000);
action.dragAndDropBy(slider, 90, 0).perform();
}
}
Re-sizing an Element:
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
public class testResizable {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/resources/demos/resizable/default.html");
WebElement resize = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id='resizable']/div[3]"));
Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.dragAndDropBy(resize, 400, 200).perform();
}
}
Difference between the selenium1.0 and selenium 2.0?
Selenium 1 = Selenium Remote Control.
Selenium 2 = Selenium Web driver, which combines elements of Selenium 1 and
Web driver.
Difference between find element () and findelements ()?
findElement() :
Find the first element within the current page using the given "locating
mechanism".
Returns a single WebElement.
findElements() :
Find all elements within the current page using the given "locating mechanism".
Returns List of Web Elements.
How to take the screen shots in seelnium2.0?
// store screenshots
public static void captureScreenShot(String filePath) {
File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
try {
FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(filePath));
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
What is the default time for selenium Ide and webdriver?
Default timeout in selenium ide is 30 seconds.
Write down scenarios which we can't automate?
Barcode Reader, Captcha etc.
In TestNG I have some test's Test1-Test2-Test3-Test4-Test5I want to run my
execution order is Test5-Test1-Test3-Test2-Test4.How do you set the execution order
can you explain for that?
Use priority parameter in @test annotation or TestNG annotations.
Differences between jxl and ApachePOI.
jxl does not support XLSX files
jxl exerts less load on memory as compared to ApachePOI
jxl doesn't support rich text formatting while ApachePOI does.
jxl has not been maintained properly while ApachePOI is more up to date.
Sample code on Apache POI is easily available as compare to jxl.
How to ZIP files in Selenium with an Example?
// Sample Function to make zip of reports
public static void zip(String filepath){
try
{
File inputFolder=new File('Mention file path her");
File outputFolder=new File("Reports.zip");
ZipOutputStream out = new ZipOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new

FileOutputStream(outputFolder)));
BufferedInputStream in = null;
byte[] data = new byte[1000];
String files[] = inputFolder.list();
for (int j=0; j<files.length; i++)
{
in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream
(inputFolder.getPath() + "/" + files[j]), 1000);
out.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(files[j]));
int totalcount;
while((totalcount= in.read(data,0,1000)) != -1)
{
out.write(data, 0, totalcount);
}
out.closeEntry();
}
out.flush();
out.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
return "Fail - " + e.getMessage();
}
}
What is default port no?
4444
If Default port no is busy how to change port no?
We can use any port number which is valid. First create an object to remote control
configuration.
Use 'setPort' method and provide valid port number (4545, 5555, 5655, etc). There
after
attach
this
remote control configuration object to selenium server. i.e
RemoteControlConfiguration r= new RemoteControlConfiguration();
r.setPort(4567);
SeleniumServer s= new SeleniumServer(r);
Does Selenium support https protocols? Yes
Majorly asked test scenario with framework in Interviews?
Majorly asked are:
Login for Gmail scenario
Goggle search and finding no of results
Downloading a file and save it
Checking mails and deleting them
Do shopping in flipkart.com
Selenium support mobile applications?
No, it is browser automation tool, it only automates Websites opening in mobile
browser, and mobile APPs
can't be automated.
What is wraps Driver?
For casting selenium instance to selenium2 (webdriver). wraps driver is used.
For more details.
Can you explain Junit Annotation? If there are 1000 test cases. 500 test cases are
executed. How will you execute the rest of the test cases by using annotation?"
The annotations generated with JUnit 4 tests in Selenium are:
@Before public void method() - Will perform the method() before each test. This
method can prepare the test

@Test public void method() - Annotation @Test identifies that this method is a
test method.environment,e.g. read input data, initialize the class)
@After public void method() - Test method must start with test@Before - this
annotation is used for executing a method before
Difference between assert and verify in selenium web driver.
When an assert fails, the test will be aborted. Assert is best used when the
check value has to pass for the test to be able to continue to run log in.
Where if a verify fails, the test will continue executing and logging the failure.
Verify is best used to check non critical things. Like the presence of a headline
element.
"I want to find the location of ""b"" in the below code, how can I find out without
using xpath, name,
id, csslocator, index.<div>
<Button>a</button>
<Button>b</button>
<Button>c</button>
</div>
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[contains(text(),'b')]")).click(); or
//div/button[contains(text(),'b']
How to do Applet testing using selenium?
// selenium setup
selenium = new DefaultJavaSelenium("localhost",4444, browserString , url);
selenium.start();
selenium.open(url);
// get the appletfixure to control fest JAppletFixture
AppletFixture dialog = selenium.applet(LIST_APPLET_ID)
// fest similar API for autmation testing
dialog.comboBox("domain").select("Users");
dialog.textBox("username").enterText("alex.ruiz");
dialog.button("ok").click();
Name 5 different exceptions you had in selenium web driver and mention what
instance you got it and how do you resolve it?
WebDriverException
NoAlertPresentException
NoSuchWindowException
NoSuchElementException
TimeoutException
How do you manage the code versions in your project?
Using SVN or other versioning tools
Latest version of Firefox and selenium in market and the version on which you are
testing ?
FF Latest version till Dec,2013 for windows7,64 bit :26.0.I use FF 25.0.1 (ur ans.
may differ)
Selenium web driver latest version till dec,2013- 2.39.0 I use selenium 2.37 see
latest at
How to know all the methods supported in web driver and its syntax.
In Org.openqa.selenium package, web driver interface has all the main methods
that can be used in Selenium Web driver
How do you create html test report from your test script?
I would see below 3 ways:
Junit: with the help of ANT.
TestNG: using inbuilt default.html to get the HTML report. Also XLST reports from
ANT,
Selenium, TestNG combination.

Using our own customized reports using XSL jar for converting XML content to
HTML.
List the browsers, OS supported by the Selenium
Windows Linux Mac
IE Y NA NA
FF Y Y Y
Safari Y N Y
Opera Y Y Y
Chrome Y Y Y
Can you explain Selenium Mobile Automation?
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.android.AndroidDriver;
public class OneTest extends TestCase {
public void testGoogle() throws Exception {
WebDriver driver = new AndroidDriver();
// And now use this to visit Google
driver.get("http://www.google.com");
// Find the text input element by its name
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
// Enter something to search for
element.sendKeys("Cheese!");
// Now submit the form. WebDriver will find the form for us from the element
element.submit();
// Check the title of the page
System.out.println("Page title is: " + driver.getTitle());
driver.quit();
}
}
What mobile devices it may Support?
Selenium Web driver supports all the mobile devices operating on Android, IOS
operating Systems
Android for phones and tablets (devices & emulators)
iOS for phones (devices & emulators) and for tablets (devices & emulators)
What is the difference between single and double slash in Xpath?
/
It starts selection from the document node
It Allows you to create 'absolute' path expressions e.g /html/body/p matches all
the paragraph elements
//
It starts selection matching anywhere in the document
It Allows you to create 'relative' path expressions e.g//p matches all the
paragraph elements
What are the test types supported by Selenium?
Selenium supports UI and functional testing. As well it can support performance
testing for reasonable load using selenium grid.

In what all case we have to go for JavaScript executor.

Consider FB main page after you login. When u scrolls down, the updates get
loaded. To handle this activity, there is no selenium command. So you can go for
javascript to set the scroll down value like
driver.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,200)", "");