17 Ge Hitachi

Safety, constructability,
and operational
performance of the ABWR
and ESBWR designs
Douglas McDonald
Vice President, Nuclear Power Plant
Sales Middle East and Africa
IAEA Technical Meeting on Technology
Assessment for Embarking Countries
June 24-28, 2013
Copyright 2013 GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy - Americas, LLC - All rights reserved
GE Hitachi Nuclear Alliance
Wilmington, NC
USA
Tokyo,
Japan
Nuclear Power Plants: ABWR,

ESBWR and PRISM
Nuclear Services
Wilmington, NC
USA
Uranium
Enrichment
Third
Generation
Technology
Wilmington, NC
Yokosuka, Japan
Peterborough, ON
Canada
Nuclear Fuel Fabrication

.BWR and CANDU
CANDU Services
Fuel Engineering and Support
Services
BWRs around the world
Dodewaard - Netherlands
K6/K7 - Japan
KKM - Switzerland
Dresden 1 USA
KRB - Germany
Santa Mara de Garoa - Spain
Lungmen - Taiwan
Vallecitos USA
Laguna Verde - Mexico
Garigliano - Italy
Tarapur 1&2 India
84 operating BWRs
GE Hitachis new reactor portfolio
ABWR
ESBWR
PRISM
Operational Gen III

technology
Evolutionary Gen III+

technology
Revolutionary technology
with a rich, 40-year heritage
Lowest core damage
Lowest core damage frequency
Passive air-cooling with no
frequency of any
Generation III reactor
Extensive operational
experience since 1996
Licensed in US, Taiwan,
and Japan
of any Generation III+ reactor

Passive cooling for >7 days
without AC power or operator
action
Lowest projected operations,
maintenance, and staffing costs1
25% fewer pumps, valves, and
motors than active safety
nuclear plants
operator or mechanical actions

needed
The answer to the used fuel
dilemma - can reduce nuclear
waste to ~300-year radiotoxicity2
while providing new electricity
generation
1 Claims based on the U.S. DOE commissioned Study of Construction Technologies and Schedules,
O&M Staffing and Cost, and Decommissioning Costs and Funding Requirements for Advanced Reactor
Designs and an ESBWR staffing study performed by a leading independent firm
2 To reach the same level of radiotoxicity as natural uranium
PWRs and BWRs the basics
Typical Pressurized Water Reactor
Typical Boiling Water Reactor
Operation of a BWR
Saturated water/steam
mixture cooling fuel
Direct cycle (No external
steam generators)
Water moderator modified
by steam voids (bubbles)
To Turbine
FeedWater
Core
Saturated Steam
Saturated Water
Rx Internal
Pumps
(ABWR)
Subcooled Water
The Boiling Water Reactor

Reactor Pressure Vessel
550 F / 288 C
99.9% Steam
Steam
Dryer
Steam
Separator
BWR Fuel Assembly
- 90 fuel rods encased
in a channel
- 2 water rods
- part-length rods
- burnable absorbers
420 F / 216 F
100% Water
Reactor
Internal Pumps (ABWR)
Control Rod Blades
Control Rod Drives
A benchmark for operational performance

Capacity factors
100
%
90.96%
89.83%
90%
80%
BWR
PWR
Data represents top quartile for 2002-2012
1% BWR
advantage
provides 8
additional
months of
revenue over
60-year
lifetime
Average Outage length

BWR
PWR
35.5
days
Average U.S. Cycle Length Trends

BWRs
20 months
PWRs
16.7 months
BWR
PWR
Fuel performance
10 fewer days in
BWR outages
in North America
Zero BWR fuel failures in

North America
45 days
2002-2012 N. American outages including

inspection, maintenance or repair with refueling
Source: IAEA PRIS Database and 3/2013 EPRI Fuel Reliability Update
PRA of Core Damage Frequency
Safety and simplicity
U.S. PWRs
2 E-5 (avg.)
U.S. BWRs
8 E-6 (avg.)
Generation II
APR1400
2 E-6
APWR
1.2 E-6
EPR
2.8 E-7
AP1000
2.4 E-7
III+
Generation III
ABWR
1.6 E-7
ESBWR
1.7 E-8
III+
References: Plant licensing DCDs and publically available information

Note: PRA of CDF is represented in at-power internal events (per year)
Note: NSSS diagrams are for visualization purposes only
Responses needed to maintain core cooling

Responses to extended loss of all AC power
EPR and
GEN II
30 MIN. 2 HRS.
Operator
Action
24 HRS.
Electric
Power
Water
ABWR
30 MIN.
~36 HRS.*
DECAY HEAT
AP1000
72 HRS.
ESBWR
Gen III+ passive plants allow for

a much longer coping time
Decay heat level impacts urgency
>7 days
*ABWR DCD credits water addition at 8 HRS.

References: AP1000: US DCD rev. 18 Section 8.5.2.1, EPR: US DCD Rev. 1 Section 8.4
Advanced Boiling Water Reactor
10
ABWR Reactor Specification

3926 Rated MWt/1350 MWe
Can be uprated to 4,300 MWt
872 Fuel Bundles
N- Lattice (symmetric water gap)

Active Fuel Length (3.66 m; 12 ft)
Moderate Power Density (51 kw/liter)
205 Control Blades
Fine Motion Control Rod Drives

(FMCRDs)
Reduced Fuel Duty
Fast Hydraulic Scram
11
ABWR Design Objectives

Improved operability
Improved capacity factor
12-24 month fuel cycle
~95% on a 10 year rolling average
Improved safety and reliability

No core uncovery during design basis
accidents
Reduced occupational exposure

Reduced costs
Predictable Construction Time and Costs
Operations and Maintenance (O&M)
12
Emergency Core Cooling System
HPCF
RCIC
ADS
LPF
13
Key ABWR differentiators for extreme events

shutdown
Containment
heat removal
Separate and passive

containment venting to
prevent hydrogen
explosion
Core cooling
Reactor depressurization
capability for >7 days due to
battery segregation and
pneumatic controls
Seismic AC independent water
injection into core
14
ABWR Station Blackout prevention and

mitigation
3 x 100% nominal safety
divisions
Emergency Diesel Generators
3 located in Reactor Building

Each has a 7-day fuel tank that is
buried in a concrete vault outside
the Reactor Building
Combustion Turbine Generator
Air-cooled Service Water not

needed
Safety-related batteries are

located in the Control
Building - just below the
Main Control Room
AC Independent Water
Addition (ACIWA) System
Hard-piped connections to reactor
15
Recent experience and project status

Kashiwazaki-Kariwa 6/7 ABWR
In Operation
Under Construction
4 Units
4 Units
Ohma ABWR
Under Construction
COD TBD
COD 1996/1997
Shika-2 ABWR
Higashidori-1
Shimane-3 ABWR
Japan
COD 2006
Hamaoka-5 ABWR
Under Construction
COD TBD
Lungmen-1/2 ABWR
Kaminoseki-1
COD 2005
Taiwan
: BWR Power Plant Site
Under Construction
COD 2014 (estimated)
16
Construction lessons learned:

Efficient, repeatable execution model
17
ABWR modularization proven in Japan

Roof Truss Steels
Upper Drywell Module
MSIV/CV
RWCU Reheat Exchanger
Condensate Demineralizer
RCCV Top Slab
Condensate Demin. Piping
RCCV liner
T-G Pedestal Piping Unit
Upper Condenser
Central Mat
Base Mat
HCU Room
RPV Pedestal
Offgas Equipment
Lower Condenser Block
18
Detailed engineering before on-site work
Walk-through simulation
Full 3D CAD design
19
Modularization
Proven experience in operating Gen III plants
RCCV liner
Central Mat
Roof Truss Steel
Top Slab
RCCV Rebars
20
Predictability of Schedule
Building
RI BC
ABWR#1
CO:1996/11
2M
Commissioning
FL
38M
BC CO
COD
11.2M
49.2M
8.8M
48.3M
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa-6
ABWR#2
CO:1997/7
3.5M
39.5M
1M
43.5M
2.5M
44.5M
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa-7
ABWR#3
CO:2005/1
10.5M
54.0M
Hamaoka-5)
ABWR#4
CO:2006/3
10.5M
55.0M
Shika-2)
RI : Rock Inspection BC:Start of Basemat Construction FL : Fuel Loading CO: Commercial Operation
21
North Anna 3 ESBWR
22
Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor
23
Key plant / reactor characteristics

Parameter
Core Thermal Power Output
Plant Net Electrical Output(1)
Reactor Operating Pressure
Feedwater Temperature(2)
RPV
Diameter
Height
Reactor Recirculation
Fuel
Control blades
(1)
4500 MWt
1520 MWe
7.17 MPa (1040 psia)
216C (420F)
7.1 meters (23.3 feet)
27.6 meters (90.5 feet)
Natural Circulation
1132 fuel bundles
Shortened length of 3m
269 Fine Motion Control
Rod Drives (FMCRDs)
Typical (site dependent)
(2) Nominal
Rated Operation
ESBWR: Economy of Scale

and Simpler Design
24
ABWR to ESBWR evolution: Nuclear Island

ABWR
ESBWR
10
10
9
4
7
6
3
8
5
4
5
Standby Liquid Control System simplified design
High Pressure Core Flooder replaced by HP CRD makeup
Fuel and Aux Pool Cooling equivalent designs
Reactor Core Isolation Cooling replaced by Isolation Condenser
Suppression Pool Cooling & Cleanup System equivalent capability
Residual Heat Removal Containment Spray replaced by PCCS
Residual Heat Removal System equivalent for shutdown cooling
10 Safety Relief Valves Diversified by Depressurization Valves
Reactor Water Cleanup System equivalent designs
Hydraulic Control Unit equivalent design
Systems are Equivalent or Simplified
25
ESBWR modularization based on ABWR

Roof Truss Steels
Upper Drywell Module
MSIV
RWCU Reheat Exchanger
Condensate Demineralizer
RCCV Top Slab
Condensate Demin. Piping
RCCV liner
T-G Pedestal Piping Unit
Upper Condenser
Central Mat
Base Mat
HCU Room
RPV Pedestal
Offgas Equipment
Lower Condenser Block
26
Natural Circulation
Passive safety/natural circulation

Increased volume of water in the vessel
Increased driving head
Chimney, taller vessel
Reduced flow restrictions
Open downcomer
Shorter core
Significant reduction in components

Pumps, motors, controls, Heat Exchangers
Power Changes with Feedwater

Temperature and Control Rod Drives
Minimal impact on maintenance
27
ESBWR Passive Safety Systems
28
ESBWR LOCA response
29
Isolation Condenser System
Fully passive only requires gravity to

function and starts automatically
(fails in-service if DC power is lost)
4 separate systems in reinforced concrete
vaults
Limits reactor pressure (no SRV lifts) and
temperature and conserves water
inventory following containment isolation
Steam (heat) rises from reactor to the
condenser pool, condenses, then gravity
pulls the cool water down into the reactor
(closed-loop)
Core cooling
Removes heat from

containment
passive
decay heat
removal
31
Simple refill actions even in the worst conditions
32
33
34
ESBWR Proven innovation

PCCS heat
exchanger test
Depressurization Valve
test
WW to DW
Vacuum Breaker
drywell to wetwell
vacuum breaker test
Isolation
Condenser Testing
natural circulation
proven at Dodewaard
Panda Full Height

Containment Test facility
IC/PCC POOLS
GDCS PO
DRYWELL
DW1
DW2
WETWELL
WW1
WW2
RPV
FMCRDs
from ABWR
fuel
modified
GNF2
BiMAC
testing
GIST facility
VACUUM BREAKER
(GDLB TESTS ONLY)
DEPRESSURIZATION
LINE (1 OF 2)
REACTOR
PRESSURE
VESSEL
WETWELL
Copyright 2013 GE Hitachi

Nuclear Energy International, LLC
- All rights
reserved
Copyright
2013 GE
Hitachi Nuclear Energy - Americas, LLC - All rights reserved
MSL
BREAK
HORIZONTAL
VENT (1 OF 2)
UPPER
DRYWELL
GDCS INJECTION
LINE (1 OF 4)
BDL
BREAK
LOWER
DRYWELL
35
Operations
36
ABWR and ESBWR state-of-the-art operations

Fully Digital Control
System
Fewer components, No drift,
less power and heat
Fault tolerance control
Four division safety
redundancy
Automated operation
Surveillance testing greatly
reduced
Improved Man-Machine
Interface
Large mimic displays
Prioritized alarms
Flat panel controls
minimize hard switches
Human factored displays
37
ABWR and ESBWR offer substantial

improvements in O&M
Simplifications in design
Safety, operations, and reliability
O&M costs
Improvements in plant maintenance

Easier operations, greater reliability
Maintenance cost and dose
Simpler to operate
Safety and reliability
Operator actions and transients
Key component redundancy

Maintenance flexibility
Operational transients
Lower radiation exposure

Outage efficiency and FME reduction
Occupational dose and rad waste costs
Passive safety (ESBWR)

Safety and plant simplification
Maintenance costs and dose
38
Best in-class O&M

ESBWR requires
significantly fewer
plant personnel than
any other Generation
III/III+ design.
A direct reflection of the
ESBWRs simpler design
Allows for a higher
percentage of local
workforce
Fewer ex-pats results in
direct cost savings
Source: An ESBWR staffing study performed by a leading independent firm

39
ABWR
Safe.
Simple.
ESBWR
Smart.
1 Based on the industry standard measure of reactor safety - core damage frequency
2 Claims based on the U.S. DOE commissioned Study of Construction Technologies and Schedules, O&M
Staffing and Cost, and Decommissioning Costs and Funding Requirements for Advanced Reactor
Designs and an ESBWR staffing study performed by a leading independent firm
40

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What are some of the safety features of the ABWR and ESBWR designs?

What are some of the safety features of the ABWR and ESBWR designs?

Safety, constructability,

GE Hitachi Nuclear Alliance

Nuclear Power Plants: ABWR,

Nuclear Fuel Fabrication

BWRs around the world

GE Hitachis new reactor portfolio

Operational Gen III

Evolutionary Gen III+

Lowest core damage

Lowest core damage frequency

Passive air-cooling with no

of any Generation III+ reactor

operator or mechanical actions

PWRs and BWRs the basics

Typical Pressurized Water Reactor

Typical Boiling Water Reactor

The Boiling Water Reactor

A benchmark for operational performance

Data represents top quartile for 2002-2012

Average Outage length

Average U.S. Cycle Length Trends

Zero BWR fuel failures in

2002-2012 N. American outages including

PRA of Core Damage Frequency

Safety and simplicity

References: Plant licensing DCDs and publically available information

Responses needed to maintain core cooling

Gen III+ passive plants allow for

*ABWR DCD credits water addition at 8 HRS.

Advanced Boiling Water Reactor

ABWR Reactor Specification

Can be uprated to 4,300 MWt

872 Fuel Bundles

N- Lattice (symmetric water gap)

205 Control Blades

Fine Motion Control Rod Drives

ABWR Design Objectives

Improved safety and reliability

Reduced occupational exposure

Emergency Core Cooling System

Key ABWR differentiators for extreme events

Separate and passive

ABWR Station Blackout prevention and

3 located in Reactor Building

Combustion Turbine Generator

Air-cooled Service Water not

Safety-related batteries are

Hard-piped connections to reactor

Recent experience and project status

Construction lessons learned:

ABWR modularization proven in Japan

Upper Drywell Module

RWCU Reheat Exchanger

RCCV Top Slab

Condensate Demin. Piping

T-G Pedestal Piping Unit