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EDU 565

REFLECTION 4-6

Chapter 4 explains assessments, formal and informal. Most formal tests are norm-
referenced or standardized. Norm-referenced tests compare a student to a large group of similar
students. Teachers must follow strict guidelines for administering, scoring, and interpreting
norm-referenced tests. Another form of formal testing is criterion referenced tests. Criterion
referenced testing compares a student to a standard or criterion. This test helps to determine if a
student has mastered a skill or competency. Group survey tests are used once per year to
determine a student’s progress in a particular subject area. Group Reading Assessment and
Diagnostic Evaluation, Stanford Achievement Test, California Reading Test, Iowa Tests of Basic
Skills, and the Gates-MacGinitie Reading Test are examples of group survey tests. Individual
survey tests are administered to single students. Some examples of frequently used individual
achievement tests are the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement- Fourth Edition, Peabody
Individual Achievement Test, Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, and the Woodcock-
Johnson Psycho-educational Battery. These tests provide important information to assessment
teams and teachers regarding placements, interventions, and goals.

Assessment is important for all teachers and students. It lets the teachers know what they
need to plan for future lessons or what they need to re-teach. I am assessing my students on a
daily basis. I write anecdotal notes everyday for each student. I also am assessing their writing
and listening skills throughout the day.

Reading assessment involves answering two questions: what area is the reading problem
and how severe is the problem. Informal Reading Inventory (IRI) is an informal assessment
instrument that is widely used in reading assessments. IRI is one of the best individual
assessment tools for observing and analyzing a student’s reading performance. It measures oral
and silent reading. IRI’s can be administered throughout the year to determine the student’s
growth.

Chapter 6 discusses instructional methods to help students that are struggling in reading.
Early intervention programs such as Reading Recovery, Early Steps, Reading Rescue, Howard
Street Tutoring Model, Book Buddies, The Boulder Project, Early Intervention in Reading, First-
Grade Group Intervention, Reading Club, The Anna Plan, Literacy Booster Groups, and Cross-
Age Tutoring provide strategies and methods for struggling students. Each program concentrates
on different grade or age levels but they all provide help for the student.
I feel early intervention is key for students. If a student is struggling before they enter
kindergarten or early on in elementary school then they will struggle all throughout school. I
work in early childhood. We have a great early intervention program. I have seen students that
needed some extra help from the early intervention team and the parents refused. Those students
went off to kindergarten behind where they should be according to our assessments and behind
fellow classmates. I have also seen parents that agree to the help for their child and the student
ends up catching up with their peers and doing very well in kindergarten. Chapter 6 also
mentions assessment being ongoing. Teachers need to continually be assessing their students,
either formally or informally, to know their students, see student growth, and plan lessons based
on student needs.

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