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100% found this document useful (4 votes)
5K views23 pages1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics (Day 16 Differential Equations)
Day 16 Differential Equations
Uploaded by
maaratjessCopyright
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/ 23
402 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas
Differential Equation (DE)- is an equation containing at least one derivative.
Examples:
a. (2xy +x) dx + 2y dy =0
2 3
ay @y) ys
» (23) 2] +0
©. &= ty" tay ty=0
x xX
toa
‘Types of Differential Equations (DE):
@. Ordinary DE — an equation containing only one independent variable, thus
having only ordinary derivatives in the equation,
(Examples a, b & c)
b. Partial DE ~an equation containing two or more independent variables,
thus having partial derivatives in the equation.
(Example d)
Order of a DE:
‘The order of a DE is the order of the highest ordered derivative which
appears in the equation.
Degree of a DE:
‘The degree of a DE is the degree (exponent) of the highest ordered
derivative which appears in the equation.
Example: a — First order, First degree
b— Third order, Second degree
c— Second order, First degree
d—First order, First degree
Types of solutions of a DE:
a. General solution — the solution has at least on
rbitrary constant.
Example: x°—3y = C, where: C = arbitrary constant Differential Equations 403
b. Particular solution — the solution has no arbitrary constant.
Example: 2xy +y*-2=0
Solutions to first order DE:
a. Variable scparable type
Standart fom: | PBS |
b. Homogeneous type
Standard torn sar ENE |
General solution: a
Test for homogeneity of degree n:
Let: foxy) = Mox, hax Ne vay
(rx, ry) = 1 fy)
©. Exact type
sino: (I
rw cn: a
where: Foxy) = JMOxy)2« + ky
Foxy) = [Nowy)oy + ke
Test for exactness: rr 404 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas
d. Linear type
See ee Bonen
|
where: integrating factor = @!°)
e. Bemoulli’s equation type
Bee ae Sorrento
peers Pipes ie,
Applications of first order DE
a. Population growth problems
where:
fe rate of change of the population
number of inhabitants at any time t
constant of proportionality
b. Decay problems
where:
BR) Beeson cinennsnes
Q = amount of the substance present
at any time t
k = constant of proportionality
c. Continuous compound interest problems
where:
= rate of change ofthe account
P= money present in the account at
any time t
nominal rate of interest per year Differential Equations 405
. Flow problems
where: Q = concentration of the mixture at any time t
90 rate of change of the concentration of the mixture
dt
e. Cooling and heating problems
where:
a = rate of change of the body temp.
T= temperature of the body at
any time t
t, = surrounding temperature
"= Cooling process
"© Heating process
f. Newton's second law of motion
where:
m= mass of the body
SY = rate of change of velocity
g. Geometrical problems (Orthogonal trajectory)
‘A curve which intersects all curves of a given family at the same
angles is referred to as a trajectory; if the intersection is at right
angle, the curve is called orthogonal trajectory.
=) = slope of the orthogonal
trajectory
(2) = slope of the given family
(
‘9
of curves
ha
2
| 406 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas
Bi6 you now that... The binary number system using 2 as the base,
which was investigated and set into serious numerical system by
eminent German mathematician, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, was
used by Chinese mathematicians as early as 5 century A.D.!
Proceed to the next page for your 16” test. GOODLUCK ! = Differential Equations 407
Time element: 2.0 hours & 30 minutes
ee
Problem 681:
Determine the order and degree of the differential equation
2
x S¥.0¢(24) —xy=0.
‘A.. Fourth order, first degree
B. Third order, first degree
C. First order, fourth degree
D. First order, third degree
Problem 682:
Which of the following equations is an exact DE?
A. (x? +1) dx=xy dy=0
B. xdy + (8x-2y) dx=0
C. 2xy dx + (2+x’) dy=0
D. xydy-ydx=0
Problem 683:
‘Which of the following equations is a variable separable DE?
A. (x+x’y) dy = (2x + xy’) dx
B. (x+y) dx—2y dy=0
©. dy dx= (x +1) dy
D. y‘dx + 2x-3y) dy=0
Problem 684: ECE Board April 1998
The equation y* = cx is the general solution of:
2y
A er
x x
B. os
y
ey.
cye
Be ox
D. aX
ay 408 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas
Problem 685: EE Board March 1998
Solve the differential equation: x (y - 1) dx + (x + 1) dy = 0. Ify = 2 when x
determine y when x = 2.
A 1.80
B. 1.48
C. 1455
D. 163
Problem 686: EE Board October 1997
If dy = x?dx ; what is the equation of y in terms of x if the curve passes through
aay?
A. x? -3y+3=0
B. x°-3y+2=0
C. x8 +3y?+2=0
OD. 2y+x?+2-0
Problem 687: ECE Board November 1998
\d the equation of the curve at every point of which the tangent line has a
slope of 2x.
A. x=-y?+C
Bo y=-x?4C
Cc. y=x2+e
D. x=y?+C
Problem 688: ECE Board April 1995
Solve (cos x cos y — cot x) dx— sin x sin y dy = 0
sin x cos y = In (c cos x)
sin x cos y = In (c sin x)
sin x cos y = - In (¢ sin x)
sin x cos y = - In (¢ cos x)
com>
Problem 689: EE Board October 1997
Solve the differential equation dy -xdx = 0, if the curve passes through (1,0)?
A. 3x?+2y-3=0
B. 2y+x?-1=0
©, x?-2y-1-0
D, 2x?+2y-2=0 Differential Equations 409
Problem 690: ME Board April 1996
What is the solution of the first order differential equation y(k+1) = y(k) +5.
5
vik) = 4-2
y(k) = 20+ 5k
y(k) = C -k , where C is constant
The solution is non-existent for real values of y
90D >
Problem 691: EE Board Ap:
Solve (v1 fey?) dx-xdy
A hey sy=c
Basen yea =e
CG. yery+y=c
pv. fe-y+y=¢
Problem 692: ECE Board November 1994
Find the differential equation whose general solution is y = Cx + Cze*
(x= 1)y'=xy ty=0
+ 4)y"-xy +y=0
(-t)y"+ xy +y=0
(+1) y' txy ty=0
com>
Problem 693: EE Board October 1995
Find the general solution of y' = y sec x
(sec x + tan x)
(sec x— tan x)
sec x tan x
(sec’ x tan x)
com>
Problem 694: EE Board April 1996
Solve xy’ (2y—1) =y (1-x)
In (xy) = 2 (x-y) +C
In (xy) = x—-2y+C
In (xy) = 2y-x+C
In (xy) = x4 2y+C
pom> 410 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas
Problem 695: EE Board April 1996
Solve (x + y) dy = (x—y) dx.
¥¢+y¥=C
x4 Dxy + =C
x -2xy-y=C
X-2xyt+y¥=C
gop>
Problem 696:
Solve the linear equation: +2
Problem 697: CE Board May 1997
Find the differential equations of the family of lines passing through the origin.
ydx — xdy = 0
_xdy - ydx = 0
xdx + ydy = 0
ydx + xdy = 0
pom>
Problem 698: CE Board May 1996
‘What is the differential equation of the family of parabolas having their vertices
at the origin and their foci on the x-axis.
A. 2xdy-ydx=0
B. xdy 1 ydx=0
CC. 2ydx—xdy =0
D.
gy
Dx=0
ax * Differential Equations 411
Problem 699: CE Board November 1995
Determine the differential equation of the family of lines passing through (h, k).
(y—k)dx — (x -h)dy = 0
(y-n)=(-")= 2
A
B.
ax
C. (x-hyx-(y-kyy =0
D.
(c+ hax — (y —k)dy = 0
Problem 700:
Determine the differential equation of the family of circles with center on the
y-axis.
A P-xi ty =0
B. y’-xyy =0
Oe OS) 8 0:
D yy +yFtw_=o
Problem 701: EE Board April 1997
Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount at any instant. In 100
years, 100 mg of radium decomposes to 96 mg. How many mg will be left after 100
years?
A. 88.60
B. 95.32
Cc. 92.16
D. 90.72
Problem 702:
‘The population of a country doubles in 50 years. How many years will it be five
times as much? Assume that the rate of increase is proportional to the number of
inhabitants.
100 years
116 years
120 years
98 years
som>
Problem 703:
Radium decomposes at a rate proportional to the amount present. if half of the
original amount disappears after 1000 years, what is the percentage lost in 100
years?
6.70%
4.50 %
5.36 %
4.30%
gom> 412 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas
Problem 704: ECE Board November 1998
Find the equation of the family of orthogonal trajectories of the system of
parabolas y? =2x+C.
A. y=Ce*
B. y=Ce*
Cc. y=Ce*
D. y=Ce™
Problem 705:
According to Newton's law of cooling, the rate at which a substance cools in air
is directly proportional to the difference between the temperature of the substance
and that of air. If the temperature of the air is 30° and the substance cools from 100°
to 70° in 15 minutes, how long will it take to cool 100° to 50°?
A. 33.59 min,
min
8 min
45.00 min
B
cc
D.
Problem 706:
An object falls from rest in a medium offering a resistance. The velocity of the
object before the object reaches the ground is given by the differential equation
dVidt + V/10 = 32, fllsec. What is the velocity of the object one second after it falls?
A. 40.54 $
B 3865
C. 3045
D. 34.12
Problem 707: :
In a tank are 100 liters of brine containing 50 kg. total of dissolved salt. Pure
water is allowed to run into the tank at the rate of 3 liters a minute. Brine runs out of
the tank at the rate of 2 liters a minute. The instantaneous concentration in the tank
is kept uniform by stirring. How much salt is in the tank at the end of one hour?
A. 15.45 kg.
B. 19.53 kg.
C. 1262kg
D. 20.62 kg. Differential Equations 413
Problem 708
‘A tank initially holds 100 gallons of salt solution in which 50 Ibs of salt has been
dissolved. A pipe fills the tank with brine at the rate of 3 gpm, containing 2 Ibs of
dissolved salt per gallon. Assuming that the mixture is kept uniform by stirring, a
drain pipe draws out of the tank the mixture at 2 gpm. Find the amount of salt in the
tank at the end of 30 minutes.
A. 171.24 Ibs.
B. 124.14 Ibs.
C. 143.25 Ibs.
D. 105.12 Ibs.
Problem 709: ME Board April 1998
If the nominal interest rate is 3%, how much is P5,000 worth in 10 years in a
continuously compounded account?
A. P5,750
R- PR.750
Cc. P7,500
D. P6,350
Problem 710: ME Board October 1997
Annominal interest of 3% compounded continuously is given on the account,
What is the accumulated amount of P10,000 after 10 years?
A. P13,620.10
B. P13,500.10
€. P13,650.20
D. P13,498.60
RATING
(2) 25-30 topnotcher
EA 18-24 Passer
(J 05-17 conditional
(J 0-15 Faited
IfFAILED, repeat the test.
A
A
.D
1
. B
B
A
A
20: 414. 1001 Solved Problems in Engineering Mathematics by Tiong & Rojas
SOLUTIONS 10 TEST 16
Ea Fourth order, since the highest derivative in the equation is 4" derivative.
First degree, since the exponent or power of the 4” derivative is 1.
aN
FEEEI 4.0 whose equation is Mi xy Jax + N(xy )dy = 0 is exact if x ——
Note: From the choices, choice (c) is an exact DE.
2xydx + 24 x2}ty =0
M= 2xy 2+e
a(2xy) + x?
Sie 2x
nex See
‘A DE is a variable separable if the coefficient of dx shall be functions of x
only and the coefficient of dy shall be functions of y only.
Note. From Une chivives, chvive (¢) Is a varlable separable DE
2y dx = (x* + 1) dy
2ydx (x? + tydy
yOR +1) yO? +1)
zs
Differentiate:
ie
o=xew)-¥
xdx dy _
t
(te
Integrate:
fax- Peres
BEE gy ryccr ai nayeo
0 Differential Equations 415
xin (x+1)+In(y-1)=C
atx=1y=2
41-In(1 +4) +in(2-1)
ce
atx=2;y=?
2—In (2 +1) + In (y—1) = 0.307
In(y-1) =- 0.594
y-1 seo
y= 1.55
| 636.) dy =
