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Estimation and Approximation

This document provides examples of estimating and approximating numerical values using rounding and significant figures. It contains 25 problems asking students to: 1) Evaluate expressions and estimate values to specified decimal places or significant figures using calculators and rounding. 2) Express numbers in different forms such as recurring decimals or scientific notation. 3) Estimate sums, differences, products and quotients and check the accuracy of calculations. The goal is to teach students how to perform approximations and estimates of calculations, which is an essential skill in many scientific and mathematical applications.

Uploaded by

Joann Ng
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
508 views

Estimation and Approximation

This document provides examples of estimating and approximating numerical values using rounding and significant figures. It contains 25 problems asking students to: 1) Evaluate expressions and estimate values to specified decimal places or significant figures using calculators and rounding. 2) Express numbers in different forms such as recurring decimals or scientific notation. 3) Estimate sums, differences, products and quotients and check the accuracy of calculations. The goal is to teach students how to perform approximations and estimates of calculations, which is an essential skill in many scientific and mathematical applications.

Uploaded by

Joann Ng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ESTIMATION AND APPROXIMATION

1.

(a)

Evaluate 21.6

28.3 using a calculator.

(b)

Round off your answer in (a) to


(i)

1 significant figure,

(ii)

the nearest integer.


Ans:

2.

(b)

(a)

(a)

_____________________ [1]

(b)

(i)

________________ [1]

(ii)

________________ [1]

Use your calculator to evaluate the following expressions, giving your answers
correct to 3 significant figures.
1
29 3 3
7
(i)
3
1

1 412
9

84
(ii)

Estimate the value of

45.015 0.522
2.412 3.962

and correct the answer to the nearest integer.

Ans: (a)
(b)
3.

(i)

[1]

(ii)

[1]
[2]

Express 0.06666 to
(i)
the nearest thousandths,
(ii) 2 decimal places,
(iii) 3 significant figures.

Ans:

(i)

[1]

(ii)
(iii)

[1]

[1]

4.

(a)
Showing your method clearly, estimate the value of
(b)

1 significant figure.
Express 345 square centimetres in square metres.

(c)

Convert 36 km/h to m/s.

Ans:

5.

Evaluate
5.8 2 20 652 0.35
(i)

(ii)

figures,
1
4
1
3 1 6
2
5
3
3
7

8

101
4.95

, giving your answer correct to

(a)

[2]

(b)

m2

[1]

(c)

m/s

[2]

, giving your answer correct to 2 significant

[1]

[1]
, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places.

6.

(a)

(b)

8
15

Express
as a recurring decimal.
Hence round off your answer in (a) to
(i)
3 decimal places
(ii)
3 significant figures
Answe
r

7.

(a)

[1]

(b)

(i)

[1]

(ii)

[1]

(a) Correct 0.007658 to


(i) 3 significant figures,
(ii) 4 decimal places.
(b) State the number of significant figures in
(i) 12.320,
(ii) 7300.

Answer (a)(i) ... [1]


(ii) ..

8.

[1]

42.15 2.9637
(b)(i)
[1]
3
998 4.0291
Estimate, correct to one significant figure, the value (ii)
of ...
.
[1]

Using a
calculator,
evaluate each of
the following,
giving your
answers correct
Answer ... [3]

9.

to
3 significant
figures.
(a)

3
16 1
2 7 4 5 3 0 .5

,
(b)

12235.4 2.6
0.22 0.73
.

Answer (a).. [2]


(b)... [2]

10. Express
(a) 768 254 correct to nearest 1000.
(b)

2.5945 correct to 3 decimal places

(c)

0.012345 correct to 3 significant figures

Answer

(a) [1]
(b). [1]
(c) [1]

11. (a) An integer is estimated as 2000 if it is rounded off to 1, 2 or 3 significant figures


respectively.
(i)

Find the maximum possible value of the integer.

(ii)

Find the minimum possible value of the integer

(b) Estimate the value of

8.955 24.127
3.0149 3.962

correct your answer to the nearest integer.

(a)(i).[1]
(a)(ii).[1]
(b).
12
.

(a)

[2]

Use your calculator to evaluate the following.

0.301299
(i)

13.364 1.292

[2
, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places.

1
3

17 19
2
4
( 3 )
13
5
(ii)

[2
]
, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

(b)

Estimate the value of ( 7.02

125.001

5.99 + 3.01) x

Give your answer to one significant figure.


(c)

[2
]

Mrs Rich wants to put tiles on the floor of her rectangular kitchen,
measuring 6.98 m by 10.032 m. The tiles will cost $31.79 per square
metre. Estimate the amount of money Mrs Rich will need to tile the floor.
Give your answer correct to the nearest hundred dollars.

[3
]

13.

(a)

Express 83 750.304 correct to


(i)
2 decimal places,
(ii)
3 significant figures.

24.991 3 27.02

2.0001

0.998

(b)
Estimate the value of
correct to one significant figure.

, giving your answer

Answer (a)(i) ..... [1]


(ii) ..... [1]
(b)...... [2]
14.

Use your calculator to evaluate


265
1.039 0 .0078 0.34 2
(i)

[2]

(ii)

2
4 2

24
2.5 (5) 3
125 9 3

4.24 105

[2]

giving both the answers correct to 3 significant figures.

15.

Without using the calculator, estimate, correcting your answer to 1 significant figures, the value
37.997 24.9068
49.5346
of:

Answer:
16.

(a)

(b)

[2]

Estimate the following to 2 significant figures:


(i) 276.93
(ii) 0.05039

Hence, estimate the value of

276.93
0.05039

to 1 significant figure.

Ans(a)(i)_____________[1]

(ii) ____________[1]
Ans(b)_______________[1]

17.

Use a calculator to find the value of


answer correct to 3 significant figures.

5.083 10.5 2
4.12 67.9

giving your

Ans(a)___________________________[2]
18.

Round off the following.


a

37853.0271 to 4 significant figures,

89.72 kg to the nearest 100 g.

Answer:
19.

(a)

_______________________ [1]

(b)

_______________________ [1]

Evaluate the following.

18.32 3.5 2
57.21 2.97
4.033 9.75
3 2
1
17 7

, giving your answer correct to 3 decimal places,

, giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

Answer:

(a)

_______________________ [1]

(b)

_______________________ [1]

20.

6.38 2 119.1
3

Estimate, without the use of a calculator, the value of

28.012

, giving your

answer correct to 1 significant figure. Show your working clearly.

21. Evaluate the following, giving your answer correct to 2 decimal places.
3

126 (1.234 ) 1 ( 4.91)


5

Answer: ____________________ [2]


22. Presha buys 4 pens at 48 cents and 6 files at $2.99 each at the school bookshop. The
shopkeeper asks for $16.50. Show, by using estimation, that the shopkeeper has made
a mistake. And, write your explanation in words on the lines below.

[4]

Answer: The shopkeeper has made a mistake because ________________________


_________________________________________________________________ [2]

23. Express the following numbers to the degree of accuracy stated.


(a)
0.0476 correct to the nearest hundredth.
137.712
(b)
correct to the nearest integer.

(a) _____________________ [1]


(b) _____________________ [1]

24. Round off 21.973 to


(a) 1 decimal place
(b) 3 significant figures

Answer: (a) _________________ [1]


(b) _________________ [1]
25. (a)

(b)

Express, correct to 2 significant figures:


(i) 9.975
(ii) 26.898
(iii) 3.018
9.975 3 26.898
3.018
Hence, estimate the value of
.

Ans
:

(a)
(i)

[1]

(ii)

[1]

(iii)

[1]

(b)

26.

[2]

(a) Estimate the following to 2 significant figures


(i)

25475,

(ii)

1.4990,

(iii)

0.05048.

25475 1.4990
(b) Hence, estimate the value of 0.05048 100 to 1 significant figure.

Answer: (a) (i)[1]


(ii). [1]
(iii). [1]
(b).........[2]

11)

Express, correct to 2 significant figures:

818.245

ii

5.043

b
i

Hence estimate, correct to 1 significant figure, the value of


818.245 x 5.043
818 .245
5.043

ii

Answer: (a)(i) ____________________ [1]


(ii)____________________ [1]
(b)(i) ____________________ [1]
(ii)____________________ [1]

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