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    Chapter 1 - B

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    Nazrin Manshor
    The document discusses the six phases of the program development process: 1) Program specification, 2) Program design, 3) Program coding, 4) Program testing, 5) Program documentation, and 6) Program maintenance. It provides details about each phase, including defining requirements, designing algorithms using techniques like pseudocode and flowcharts, writing the program code, debugging, documenting purposes and processes, and updating the software. Two examples are given to demonstrate using algorithms to solve problems by specifying inputs/outputs, analyzing formulas, designing the logic, and implementing the solutions.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 1 - B

    Uploaded by

    Nazrin Manshor
    72 views6 pages
    The document discusses the six phases of the program development process: 1) Program specification, 2) Program design, 3) Program coding, 4) Program testing, 5) Program documentation, and 6) Program maintenance. It provides details about each phase, including defining requirements, designing algorithms using techniques like pseudocode and flowcharts, writing the program code, debugging, documenting purposes and processes, and updating the software. Two examples are given to demonstrate using algorithms to solve problems by specifying inputs/outputs, analyzing formulas, designing the logic, and implementing the solutions.

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    CHAPTER 1_B

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    The document discusses the six phases of the program development process: 1) Program specification, 2) Program design, 3) Program coding, 4) Program testing, 5) Program documentation, and 6) Program maintenance. It provides details about each phase, including defining requirements, designing algorithms using techniques like pseudocode and flowcharts, writing the program code, debugging, documenting purposes and processes, and updating the software. Two examples are given to demonstrate using algorithms to solve problems by specifying inputs/outputs, analyzing formulas, designing the logic, and implementing the solutions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    72 views6 pages

    Chapter 1 - B

    Uploaded by

    Nazrin Manshor
    The document discusses the six phases of the program development process: 1) Program specification, 2) Program design, 3) Program coding, 4) Program testing, 5) Program documentation, and 6) Program maintenance. It provides details about each phase, including defining requirements, designing algorithms using techniques like pseudocode and flowcharts, writing the program code, debugging, documenting purposes and processes, and updating the software. Two examples are given to demonstrate using algorithms to solve problems by specifying inputs/outputs, analyzing formulas, designing the logic, and implementing the solutions.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    CSC 125

    Mahfudzah Othman
    UiTM Pahang

    CHAPTER 1

    PROBLEM SOLVING PHASES

    The Six-Step Program Development Process

    1) Program Specification (Program Definition/Program Analysis)


    • Follow 5 specific tasks:
    • Specify object
    • Specify input
    • Specify output
    • Specify processing requirements
    • Document specification

    2) Program Design
    • Define the solution of the problem
    • Programmer plans the solution
    • 2 tasks:
     Plan the solution (develop algorithm)
     Document the solution
    • Several structured-programming
    techniques:
     Top-down programming design
     Logic structures
     Pseudocode: An English like
    way to present the solution to a problem
     Flowcharts: A fictional
    representation of an orderly step by step solution to a problem
     Flowchart symbols:

    SYMBOL NAME DESCRIPTION


    Terminal Indicates the beginning
    or end of an algorithm

    Input/Output Indicates an input or


    output operation

    Process Indicates computation or


    data manipulation

    Flow lines Used to connect the

    1
    CSC 125
    Mahfudzah Othman
    UiTM Pahang

    flowchart symbols &


    indicates the logic flow
    Decision Indicates a decision point
    in the algorithm

    Loop Indicates the initial, final


    & increment values of a
    loop

    Predefined process Indicates a predefined


    process, as in calling a
    sorting process

    Connector Indicates an entry to, or


    exit from another part of
    the flowchart

    3) Program Code
    • Select
    programming language
    • Write the program
    based on the design created in Step 2
    • Handwritten on
    paper/coding sheets
    • Follow the syntax
    of the chosen programming language
    • Entered into the
    computer

    4) Program Test
     Tested for errors after they are keyed into the computer
     Testing a program debugging
     Debugging involves eliminating all errors in program code
     Logic error occurs when programming instructions do not
    follow a logical sequence the produces correct
    result
     logic error that occur during the execution of a
    program are called run-time logic errors
     after output is obtained, after execution of
    program are called output logic error

    2
    CSC 125
    Mahfudzah Othman
    UiTM Pahang

    5) Program Documentation
    • Means: Writing a description of the purpose and process of the program
    • Consists of procedures about a program and how to use it
    • Should be done on a continual basis throughout all the steps of the
    program development process.
    • Documentation is important for anyone who will involve with the program
    in the future. Eg: Users, operators, and programmers.

    • User Documentation users need to know the software.


     documentation may be used to guide users to the
    program.
     users maybe expected to learn a program from
    return document alone.
     manuals accompany the software when
    purchased.

    • Operator Documentation to guide them running program


     to translate error message

    • Programmers Documentation to update/modify the program


    (need to know the purpose & the
    logic of a program).
     include flowcharts, program distinct &
    sample output.
     document should also show how the
    program relate to other programmer within
    an IS.

    6) Program Maintenance
    • Update software to correct errors, improve usability, standardize & adjust
    to organizational changes.

    3
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    Mahfudzah Othman
    UiTM Pahang

    Examples of using Algorithm to solve problems

    Example 1:
    Count the sum, average of two numbers

    Requirement Specification:
    Find the sum and average of 2 numbers

    Analysis:
    i) Formula :
    Sum = number1 + number2
    Average= sum/2

    ii) Input:
    Number1, number2

    iii) Output
    Sum, average

    Design

    Pseudocode:
    1. input 2 values
    2. Count
    Add 2 values
    Calculate the average of 2 values
    3. Print Sum and average Start

    Flowchart:

    Input 2 values

    Calculate the
    average

    Print the sum &


    average

    End
    CSC 125
    Mahfudzah Othman
    UiTM Pahang

    Example 2:
    Calculate the area of one circle

    Requirement Specification:
    Find the area of a circle

    Analysis:
    i) Formula :
    Area = pai * radius * radius

    ii) Input:
    Radius, pai=3.14

    ii) Output
    Area

    Design:

    Pseudocode:
    1. input radius
    2. pai = 3.142
    3. Calculate the area by multiply pai and radius * radius
    4. print area

    Flowchart:
    Start

    Input radius & pai


    =3.142

    Calculate the
    area

    Print area

    End 5
    CSC 125
    Mahfudzah Othman
    UiTM Pahang

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