CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
RTCC is Remote Tap Changer Control which is a Programmable device to
control the output of the transformer through OLTC unit fitted in the transformer through control
cables. The desired voltage will be achieved accordingly by controlling the OLTC with respect to
the tap position through RTCC system. The output voltage of the transformer is been maintained
through an inbuilt AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator), which continuously verifies the output
power with the set / programmed reference voltage, which triggers the OLTC accordingly.
Hence, by above said phenomena, the consistency of the transformer output is been maintained.
RTCC is a panel consisting of the AVR, Display for Tap Position, Voltage, LEDs
for Raise and Lower of Taps relays, Selector Switches for Auto Manual Selection etc. In AUTO
Mode the voltage is controlled by the AVR. In MANUAL Mode the operator can Increase /
decrease the voltage by changing the Taps manually through the Push Button in the RTCC.
Normally RTCC panel will be installed in Main panel room and will be connected to OLTC (On
load tap changer) of the transformer through control cable. There is AVR in RTCC Panel to
control the secondary voltage of the transformer and AVR output will control OLTC motor in
Clock wise or Anti clock wise directions.
RTCC is installed with transformer HT Panel. Automatic OLTC Panel consists of
a LCP and a RTCC. System uses an AVR (AVR-MA9) to sense the LV Voltage and a comparator
circuit to compare the sensing voltage with a preset value. Any difference in two sends a
corresponding signal to OLTC Panel to lower or raise the LV Voltage of transformer. The OLTC
Control Panel also has a provision to operate two or more transformer in parallel. One
transformer is taken as the master and the remaining as followers so that they follow the Masters
LV Voltage set values.

Development of SCADA screen for observing control parameters of RTCC panel

such as, winding Temperature (WT),oil temperature (OT),Tap position (TP) ,voltage level etc. is
done by using SCADA software(RS VIEW 32).
SCADA refers to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. It is not a specific
technology but a type of application. Any application that collects data about a system and uses
the data to control the system can be referred to as SCADA.
Data Acquisition means collecting data from plant and equipments of target
stations. Supervisory Control deals with controlling specific elements target stations. These two
features make such systems useful with equipment situated at a remote location which is
normally unmanned.

CHAPTER 2
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Project: -Manufacturing and Development of SCADA Screen For Virtual Sensing Of
Parameters of Remote Tap Changer Control (RTCC) Panel.

Usually, The Design of RTCC is in conventional way and it is provided by the industry
Mahati Industry Pvt.ltd. and Manufacturing of RTCC panel is carried out at Industry
itself.
RTCC is manually operated and provides analog/Digital data about transformer
operations.
To overcome, this manual operation of RTCC, PLC programming is done for various
fault conditions of transformer. This fault conditions interfaced with SCADA screen by
using of PLC programming

CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE SURVEY
RTCC is Remote Tap Changer Control which is a Programmable device to
[1] control the output of the transformer through OLTC unit fitted in the transformer through
control cables. The desired voltage will be achieved accordingly by controlling the OLTC with
respect to the tap position through RTCC system. The output voltage of the transformer is been
maintained through an inbuilt AVR(Automatic Voltage Regulator), which continuously verifies
the output power with the set / programmed reference voltage, which triggers the OLTC
accordingly. Hence, by above said phenomena, the consistency of the transformer output is been
maintained
Monitoring and control of tap changer mechanism of a transformer
implementation in [2] an Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) is discussed. It has been a custom
for decades to provide a separate panel for on load tap changer control for monitoring the tap
position. However, this facility cannot either record or transfer the information to remote control
centers. As there is a technology shift towards the smart grid protection and control standards,
the need for implementing remote control and monitoring has necessitated the implementation of
this feature in numerical relays. This paper deals with the programming, settings and logic
implementation which is applicable to both IEC 61850 compatible and non-compatible IEDs
thereby eliminating the need for separate tap changer control equipment. The monitoring
mechanism has been implemented in a 28MVA, 110 /6.9kV transformer with 16 tap position at
Ultratech cement limited Gulbarga, Karnataka and is in successful service.
Design of RTCC is conventional and design is provided by the industry.[3]
The introduction of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system
[4] has been discussed in details. Network components, functionality and features of SCADA has
been discussed in details in this paper. Application and uses of SCADA system in different fields
of engineering have also been mentioned. Also the working of the software components and
development in SCADA has been explained with merits and demerits of the software.
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) has been discussed in detail which includes features,
working and automation purposes of PLC in this paper. Architecture, memory organization,
addressing words, input/ output modules and programming of a PLC with all its components
such as programming devices, consideration of programming and program control instructions
has been studying for this paper. Working of the project with SCADA and PLC has been also
discussed. Programming development has also been explained. A systematic approach of control
system design using programming logic controller has been discussed in details with ladder logic
diagram designing.

PLC program development and programming with ladder diagram has been
explained with the assignment of SCADA control screen. Also the SCADA screen developed has
been shown at the different operation conditions of the processing system in this paper.
Experimental setup and performance analysis explains the actual wok which has been adopted
for the project.

CHAPTER 4
OUTLINE OF PROJECT
4.1 SCOPE OF PROJECT
The project with final results gives:
A developed system to be used for measurement of power transformer parameter
through RTCC based on the PLC and SCADA and can be able to monitor transformer parameters
from remote station.
Projects proposed approach to be carried:

Manufacturing of RTCC panel for power transformer according to the transformer

specifications.
Virtual Monitoring and controlling of power transformer parameters on SCADA screen
by using SCADA interfacing and PLC programming.

4.2 AIM OF PROJECT

Manufacturing of Remote Tap Changer Control panel for power transformer and
Development of SCADA Screen for Sensing Parameters of Remote Tap Changer Control Panel
by using SCADA software

4.3 OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT

The objective of the proposed project is to,
1. Manufacturing RTCC panel consisting of AVR, Display for tap position, LEDs for
Raise Lower of Tap Relays, Selector Switches for Auto Manual Selection etc.

2. The development of SCADA screen to implement virtual interfacing of RTCC with

SCADA.

Following Three conditions are to be assumed for virtual interfacing of RTCC with
SCADA.
a) Winding Temperature Increase/Decrease. (>60 C)
b) Oil Temperature Increase/Decrease. (>65 C)
c) Tap position Lower/Raise. (1 to 17)

4.4 METHODOLOGY
The project includes manufacturing of RTCC for power transformer according to
transformer specifications. RTCC is the remote station device which provides information about
parameters which influences transformer performance such as winding and oil temperature,
voltage level, etc.
Design of RTCC is conventional and design is provided by the industry.
Manufacturing of RTCC will be completed in Industry.
RTCC is manually operated and provides analog/Digital data about transformer
operations. By using this PLC programming is done for various fault conditions of transformer
and then development of SCADA screen for observing RTCC parameters such as winding
temperature (WT), oil temperature (OT), tap position (TP), voltage level etc.

CHAPTER 5
DESIGN ASPECT OF PROJECT
PART A
5.1 MANUFACTURING OF RTCC PANEL
5.1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig 5.1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RTCC WITH TRANSFORMER

5.1.2 COMPONENTS OF RTCC PANEL

SR.
NO
1
2
3
4
5
6.
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

CODE
WTI REP.1
WTI REP.2
OTI REP
TPI
ANN.
PB1
PB2
PB3
PB4
PB5
PB6
L1
L2

14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
L9
L10
L11

23

L12

24

L13

25

L14

26
27
28
29
30
31

L15
L16
L17
L18
S1
S2

DESCRIPTION
HV WINDING TEMPERATURE DIGITAL REPEATER
LV WINDING TEMPERATURE DIGITAL REPEATER
OIL TEMPERATURE DIGITAL TEMPERATURE
TAP POSITION INDICATOR (1 TO 17)
18 WINDOWS ANNOUNCIATOR
TEST PUSH BUTTON
ACCEPT PUSH BUTTON
RESET PUSH BUTTON
LOWER PUSH BUTTON
RAISE PUSH BUTTON
EMERGENCY TRIP PUSH BUTTON
OLTC CONTROL SUPPLY ON (RED INDICATION)
TAP CHANGEE IN PROGRESS (YELLOW
INDICATION)
DC SUPPLY ON (RED INDICATION)
FAN NO.1 ON (RED INDICATION)
FAN NO.2 ON (RED INDICATION)
FAN NO.3 ON (RED INDICATION)
FAN NO.4 ON (RED INDICATION)
FAN NO.5 ON (RED INDICATION)
STAND BY FAN NO.6 ON (RED INDICATION)
MAIN SOURCE HEALTHY (YELLOW INDICATION)
STAND BY SOURCE HEALTHY (YELLOW
INDICATION)
MAIN SOURCE TRANFER STAND BY SOURCE (RED
INDICATION)
COOLER CONTROL LOCAL MODE (YELLOW
INDICATION)
COOLER CONTROL REMOTE MODE (YELLOW
INDICATION)
UPPER LIMIT REACHED (RED INDIACTION)
LOWER LIMIT REACHED (RED INDIACTION)
SPARE (RED INDICATION)
SPARE (RED INDICATION)
VOLTMETER SELECTOR SWITCH
DC SUPPLY ON-OFF SELECTOR SWITCH
9

32
33

S3
S4

34
35
36
37
38
39

IL
DS
E
KV
H1
H2

SEQUANCE SELECTOR SWITCH

FAN GROUP 1: AUTO, 0:OFF, 2: DIRECT ON
SELECTOR SWITCH
ILLUMINATION LAMP
DOOR PUSH BUTTON
EARTHING BOLT WITH INTERNAL COPPER STRIP
KV METER( 11OV/22KV)
TAP CHANGE IN PROGRSS HOOTER
ANNOUNCIATOR FAULT ALARM HOOTER

10

5.1.3 DESCRIPTION OF RTCC PANEL

Below is the list of the entire components and the other material that will support to complete
this project.

DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL LIST

S
R.
N
O

LEGENDS

RTCC PANEL

MCB1,MCB2

MCB 3,4,5 &6

4
H1
5
H2
6

WTI REP. 1,2

OTI REP.

DESCRIPT MAKE TYPE/RATING

ION

RTCC PANEL
FABRICATED
IN 14
SWG.CRCA
SHEET
MINIATURE
CIRCUIT
BRAKER
MINIATURE
CIRCUIT
BRAKER
ELECTRONIC
HOOTER
ELECTRONIC
HOOTER
WTI
REPEATER
WITH SCADA
4-20 MA DC
O/P.
CONTACTS
OTI
REPEATER
WITH SCADA
4-20 MA DC
O/P.

PURPOSE

Q
T
Y

MAHATI

SIZE.
730(L)*750(W)*2
300(H) MH.

HAGER

2 POLE,6 AMP

SUPPLY ON OFF

HAGER

1 POLE, 2 AMP.

PT SUPPLY AND
HEATER ON-OFF

INTELE
C
INTELE
C

96*96 MM 110V
AC
96*96 MM 110V
AC

PRECIM
ASURE

96*96 MM 110V
AC

PRECIM
ASURE

96*96 MM 110V
AC

TAP CHANGE IN
PROGRESS ALARM
ANN. FAULT
ALARAM
DIGITAL REMOTE
WIND. TEMP
INDICATION

DIGITAL REMOTE
WIND. TEMP
INDICATION

11

1
2

ANN.

TPI

10

L1, L15 & L16

11

L2

12 L3 TO
L9,L12,L17
&L18

13

L10,L11,L13,L
14

14

PB1

15

PB2

16

PB3

17

PB4

CONTACTS
ANN.

TAP
POSITION
INDIACTIOR
WITH SCADA
4-20 mA DC
O/P
CONTACTS
RED
COLOUR
INDICATING
LAMP
YELLOW
COLOUR
INDIACTOR
LAMP
RED
COLOUR
INDICATING
LAMP
YELLOW
COLOUR
INDIACTOR
LAMP
RED
COLOUR
PUSH
BUTTON
YELLOW
COLOUR
PUSH
BUTTON
BLUE
COLOUR
PUSH
BUTTON
GREEN
COLOUR

18
WINDOWS,110V
DC

ANN. FAULT
SIGNALS

DIGTAL REMOTE
TAB INDICATOR

1 TO 17
POSITION 110V
AC

TEKNIC

110V AC

INDICATING

TEKNIC

110V AC

INDICATING

TEKNIC

220V DC

INDICATING

10

4
TEKNIC

220V DC

INDICATING

SIEMEN
S

NO ELEMENTS, 2
AMPS

ANN. TEST PUSH

BUTTON

NO ELEMENTS, 2
AMPS

ANN. EXPECT
PUSH BUTTON

SIEMEN
S

NO ELEMENTS, 2
AMPS

ANN. RESET PUSH

BUTTON

SIEMEN
S

NO ELEMENTS, 2
AMPS

ANN. LOWER PUSH

BUTTON

SIEMEN
S

12

18

PB5

19

PB6

20

S1

21

S2

22

S3

23

S4

24

TDR1

25

OSR

26

C1

27

IL

PUSH
BUTTON
REED
COLOUR
PUSH
1BUTTON
R1EED
COLOUR
EMERGENCY
TRIP PUSH
BUTTON
VOLTMETER
SELECTOR
SWITCH
2 POLE ONOFF
SELECTOR
SWITCH
SEQUENCE
SELECTOR
SWITCH,INDI
PENDANT/OF
F/FOLLOWVE
R/MASTER
2 POLE 2
WAY
SELECTOR
SWITCH
TIME DELAY
RELAY
OUT OFF
STEP
SWITCH,AUX
,CONTACTOR
,2 NO + 2
NC
AUX,CONTAC
TOR,2 NO +
2 NC
ILLUMINATIO
N LAMP

SIEMEN
S

NO ELEMENTS, 2
AMPS

ANN. RISE PUSH

BUTTON

SIEMEN
S

1 NO + 1 NC
ELEMENTS, 2
AMPS

EMERGENCY TRIP

SALZER

VSS, 6AMPS

VOLTAGE
SELECTOR

SALZER

2 POLE ON/OFF,
6 AMPS

DC SUPPLY ON/OFF

SWITR
ON

16 AMPS

PARALLEL
OPERATION
SWITCH

2 POLE 2 WAY,
16 AMPS

FAN CONTROL ON
SELECTOR SWITCH

GIC

ON DELAY TIMER,
110V AC

OLTC OUT OF STEP

RELAY

SIEMEN
S

COIL VOL: 110V

AC

TAP OUT OF STEP

RELAY

SIEMEN
S

COIL VOL: 110V

AC

OLTC, AUX SUPPLY

FAIL CIRCUIT

PHILIPS

14 WATTS, 240V
AC

PANEL
ELIMINATION LAMP

SALZER

13

28

DS

DOOR
SWITCH

SIEMEN
S

PUSH TO OFF
TYPE, 2 AMPS

PANEL
ELIMINATION LAMP
CONTROLLER
HEATER AUTO
ON/OFF
PANEL HEATER

29

TH

THEMOSTAT

GIRISH

30 to 85

30

GIRISH

80 WATTS

31

CSS

ANCHO
R

32

TB

33

KV

SPACE
HEATER
COMBINE
SWITCH
SOCKET
POLYMIDE
STUDE TYPE
TERMINAL
BLOCK
KV METER
110V/22KV

6 AMPS

1 PHASE 6 AMPS
PROVISION

ELMEX

10 SQ. M.M. 16
AMPS

TERMINATION

12
0

STD.

110V/22KV

INDICATE LV
VOLTAGE

5.1.4 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

At this stage actual manufacturing of RTCC panel for power transformer is done in
industry itself.

14

1
1

Fig 5.1.4(a) Hardware Design (back view) Fig (b) Hardware Design (Front
view)

5.1.5 TESTING
1. RTCC panel is connected to OLTC unit on transformer through control cables.

15

2. Raise/Lower push buttons are pressed and tap position is verified on tap position
indicator (TPI) from 0-17.
3. Oil Sensor is inserted in hot oil (heated by heater) and oil temperature is verified on oil
temperature indicator (OTI) and concerned fans for ON/OFF positions also verified.
When oil temperature reaches to 65 degree oil cooling fan starts and when reaches to 85
alarm turns ON.
4. Winding temperature indicator is verified on site by connecting actual transformer by
its loading. When winding temperature reaches to 60 degree cooling fan starts and when
reaches to 80 alarm turns ON.
5. Independent operation of RTCC panel is also verified by keeping selector switch at
independent position.
6. Parallel operation of RTCC panel is also verified by keeping selector switch at
Master/follower position.

PART B
5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF SCADA SCREEN FOR VIRTUAL OF SENSING
PARAMETERS OF REMOTE TAP CHANGER CONTROL PANEL BY
VIRTUAL INTERFACING WITH SCADA
16

5.2.1 INTRODUCTION
Why do we want to incorporate SCADA in our project?
Formal definition of SCADA system, as recommended by IEEE, is A collection of
equipments that will provide an operator at a remote location with sufficient information to
determine the status of particular equipment or a process and cause actions to take place
regarding that equipment or process without being physically present.
RTCC monitoring and controlling is the process of automatically controlling this
entire RTCC through automated processes via computers and intelligent devices.
The different aspects of automation (like data acquisition, supervision and
controlling) work together in a coordinated fashion to operate the system efficiently.
We can place sensors and controls at every critical point of our managed process. As
we monitor more and more variables, we have a more detailed view of our entire operation, most
importantly, in real time. This means we have an eagle-eye view of every event while it is
happening, and a comprehensive knowledge base from which to correct errors and improve
efficiency of the overall system. An added advantage is that with automation, we need a smaller,
less specialized staff to do the same job.
During normal condition, SCADA helps to operate the system optimally. It processes
the incoming stream of data, detects abnormalities, alarms the operators through lights
and buzzers, and takes rectifying actions as needed, thus relieving the operator of the
burden of repetitious control and continuous monitoring.
During extreme conditions, it helps to diagnose the source of alarms, guides the
operator in decision-making and facilitates the operator in steering the system back to
normal in the smallest possible time and with minimum damage to system resources.
Also, as the entire system is computer-dependent, SCADA facilitates storage of system
data with time-stamping and easy retrieval of data for later scrutiny. Remote operations
are invaluable in case of fire or other hazards because it ensures safety of the operator.

17

5.2.2 COMPLETE BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RTCC PANEL WITH SCADA

FIG 5.2.0 COMPLETE BLOCK DIAGRAM OF RTCC PANEL WITH SCADA

5.2.3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
EQUIPMENTS
SPECIFICATION
1. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC RS LOGIX 1400 SERIES A
CONTROLLER (PLC)
2. SCADA SOFTWARE

(32 I/O, 20 INPUTS,12

MANUFACTURER
Allen Bradley

OUTPUTS)
FACTORY TALK VIEW
(FTW)

Allen Bradley

5.2.3 MICROLOGIX 1400 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER [1]:A PLC or a programmable controller is a small computer used for control of machinery on
factory assembly lines and automation of real-world processes. A PLC can also be programmed
to sense, control and activate industrial equipment. Thus, a PLC includes a number of I/O points,
which allow interfacing of electrical signals. First the input and output components of the
processes are connected to the PLC; and then the control program is loaded onto the PLC

18

memory. The basic structure of the PLC is shown in Fig. 3. It also continuously monitors the
various inputs and activates the outputs according to the requirements of the program.

FIG 5.2.1A BLOCK DIAGRAM OF PLC

An analog module is essentially required for processing the analog signals.
Analog modules work in accordance with 8 or 12 bit systems. One or more analog sensors of
different types can be connected to the analog module according to their use.

19

Fig 5.2.1B PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

FEATURES
1. Ethernet port provides Web server capability, email capability and protocol support
for DNP3 protocol support.
2. Built-in LCD with backlight lets you view controller and I/O status.
3. Built-in LCD provides simple interface for messages, bit/integer monitoring and
manipulation.
4. Expands application capabilities through support for as many as seven 1762 MicroLogix
Expansion I/O modules with 256 discrete I/O
5. As many as six embedded 100 kHz high-speed counters (only on controllers with DC
inputs)
6. Two serial ports with DF1, DH-485, Modbus RTU, DNP3 and ASCII protocol support
7. 10 KB words in user program memory with 10 KB words in user data memory)
8. Up to 128 KB for data logging and 64 KB for recipe.
20

5.2.3 RS View 32 SCADA SOFTWARE [2]

RSView32 is an integrated, component-based HMI software package for monitoring
and controlling automation machines and processes. It uses open technologies that provide
unprecedented connectivity to other Rockwell Software products, Microsoft products, and thirdparty applications.

FEATURES
1. Provides tools to maximize productivity including runtime simulation, editing individual
objects in a group, animation, tag reuse and substitution, online updates, screen security
and easily importing graphics.
2. Integrate third-party ActiveX controls and Visual Basic applications to customize and
extend RSView32 projects.
3. Supports OPC standards as both a server and a client for fast, reliable communications
with a wide variety of hardware devices from multiple vendors.
4. Provides preferred compatibility to Rockwell Automation products to capture, control,
and convey plant floor data.
5. Extension CD offers add-on software components at no additional charge.
6. Remotely open, run, and interact with RSView32 graphic displays from virtually any
computer on a network with RSView32 Active Display System.
7. View graphic displays, tags, and alarms through any standard Internet browser with
RSView Web Server.

21

5.2.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

EQUIPMENTS
1.COOLING FAN
2. BUZZER
3.REGULATED POWER
SUPPLY KIT
4. SMPS

SPECIFICATION
24 V DC
24 V DC
0-10 V

QUANTITY
2
2
1

230AC to 24 v DC

5.2.4 COOLING FAN [1]

Brushless DC (BLDC) fans have become the most popular mode of electronics
cooling in recent years. They impart kinetic energy to a localized air mass and increase the fluid
velocity, which in turns increases the convectional coefficient, h, and increases the amount of
heat removed. The proliferation of compact and cheap DC power supplies has relegated AC fans
to the fringes of the cooling industry. Compared to brushed DC motors, BLDC motors have
various advantages, such as having easier speed control, which therefore allows better
optimization of fan speed, efficiency, and acoustic performance. Brushless motors also do not
have any mechanical brush contacts with the commutator, which reduces the motor temperature
and increases the bearing life, and consequently the overall fan life.

Fig 5.2.3[1A] Cooling Fan

CONSTRUCTION
The BLDC fan is comprised of three major sub-assemblies; the rotor, stator, and frame.

22

Fig 5.2.3[1B] Rotor Assembly Construction

Steel rotor cup and impeller assembly, respectively. A plastic or rubber permanent
magnet strip is bonded to the interior surface of a steel rotor cup. This conducting rotor cup acts
as a magnetic return path, magnet containment vessel, and also the physical interface to the
impeller. The steel also provides a high mass concentration to the rotor subassembly, and
therefore provides high inertia, that reduces small speed disturbances during rotation. The
impeller is made of Noryl plastic, and is injection molded and glued or press-fitted onto the rotor
cup. The entire rotor assembly (Figure 4) is then single or dual-plane balanced. This method of
construction allows the rotor subassembly to act as a single rotating mass, which simplifies the
balancing process and improves acoustical characteristics.

Fig 5.2.3[1C] Stator Assembly Construction

A three-phase motor stator assembly showing the windings Multiple pieces of steel
laminates are stacked to form the core of the stator sub-assembly. Plastic insulators with contact
23

pins fit onto the stacked laminates, and enameled copper wire is wound to create the motor poles.
The shape of the stators significantly impacts the performance of the motor, and magnetic flux
modeling software is used to optimize the design. Copper wire is then wound onto the stator and
soldered onto pins affixed to the stator insulators. During fan operation, the stator sub-assembly
is static, while the rotor subassembly spins around it.

5.2.4 BUZZER [2]

Buzzer is an electrical device that makes a buzzing noise and is used for signaling.

Fig 5.2.3[2]
Buzzer

A buzzer takes some sort of input and emits a sound in response to it. They may use
various means to produce the sound; everything from metal clappers to electromechanical
devices.
A buzzer needs to have some way of taking in energy and converting it to acoustic
energy. Many buzzers are part of a larger circuit and take their power directly from the devices
power source. In other cases, however, the buzzer may be battery powered so that it will go off in
the event of a mains outage. Some devices that provide emergency power have buzzers on them
so that the user knows that they are running on backup power and not on mains power.

24

5.2.4 REGULATED POWER SUPPLY KIT [3]

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig 5.2.3[3] Circuit Diagram of Regulator Power Supply

PART LIST
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

PARTICULARS
IC 1
D1-D4
D5,D6
C1
C2,C3
R1
R2

SPECIFICATIONS
LM 350 K
1N 5408 3A rectifier diode
1N 4007 rectifier diode
4700microFarad/50V electrolytic
10microFarad/25V electrolytic
120 OHMS 2W CFR
0.1 OHMS 10W W/W

QTY
1
4
2
1
2
1
1
25

8
9
10

P1
DPM1,2
XR

2K5 CARBON POT

200Mv DPM
230AC-40VAC 3A

1
2
1

This is a single regulated Ic1 LM 350 K operated regulated power supply which
delivers 1.5V to 30V DC regulated output at 2A current rating. LM350K is a single chip
regulator which has on chip over load protection which comes into operation as soon as power
dissipation exceeds 30W. The Adjust pin of the regulator is connected to the junction formed by
potential divider R1 and P1. The output voltage depends upon the ratio P1/R1 and equal to 1.25
(1+P1/R1). Diode D1-D4 1N5408 forms bridge rectifier and capacitor C1, 4700microfarad/50V
is a conventional filter capacitor.
Additional capacitor C2, C3 improves regulation. Diode D5,D6 1N4007 are used
as a protection diode to ensure that at the time of switching off the output potential is more
positive then input. R1is chosen in chosen in such way that maximum current flowing is 2A.
LM350 K IS mounted on the heat sink rated at 1K/W. Resistor R2 is used as a shunt for DPM1
200 Mv to measure the current. DPM2 is used on 200V range for measurement of voltage.

5.2.3 Switch Mode Power Supply(SMPS)[4]

Fi
g 5.2.3[4A] Block diagram of SMPS

26

A switched-mode power supply (switching-mode power supply, switch-mode

power supply, switched power supply, SMPS, or switcher) is an electronic power supply that
incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Like other power
supplies, an SMPS transfers power from a source, like mains power, to a load, such as a personal
computer, while converting voltage and current characteristics.
Unlike a linear power supply, the pass transistor of a switching-mode supply
continually switches between low-dissipation, full-on and full-off states, and spends very little
time in the high dissipation transitions, which minimizes wasted energy. Ideally, a switchedmode power supply dissipates no power.
Voltage regulation is achieved by varying the ratio of on-to-off time. In contrast,
a linear power supply regulates the output voltage by continually dissipating power in the
pass transistor.
This higher power conversion efficiency is an important advantage of a switchedmode power supply. Switched-mode power supplies may also be substantially smaller and lighter
than a linear supply due to the smaller transformer size and weight.

Fig 5.2.3[4B] SMPS

27

5.3 Typical architecture of SCADA system

Fig 5.3 Typical architecture of SCADA system

28

5.4 SCADA COMPONENTS

SCADA functions are performed by the following subsystems:

1. Sensors (digital and analog) and control relays which are field devices which directly
interface with the managed system.
2. Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) which serve as local collection points for sending data
from sensors to the controlling station, and giving commands to the control relays.
3. A supervisory (computer) system, generally situated at a remote location, which acquires
data from field, processes them and generates necessary commands.

4. A Human-Machine interface (HMI) which presents processed data to the human

operator, and through which the operator monitors and controls the process.
5.Communication infrastructure that connects the remotely located RTUs to the
supervisory system.

29

5.5 Flow Chart For Development Of SCADA Screen :-

30

5.6 SCADA SCREEN

Fig 5.6 SCADA Screen

5.7 HARDWARE

Fig 5.7 Hardware Design

31

CHAPTER 6
TESTING
1. Set points for fan and alarm are set on the SCADA screen and potentiometer knob is
varied.
2. Tap position indicator (numeric display) shows taps on SCADA screen (0-17).
3. Numeric display shows winding and oil temperature on SCADA screen.
4. When temperature reaches to 60 fan 1 starts and when it reaches to 80 Alarm 1 turns ON.
5. When temperature reaches to 65 fan 2 starts and when it reaches to 85 Alarm 2 turns ON.

32

CHAPTER 7
RESULTS

CONDITION
Winding Temperature

ADDRESS COLOUR
Red

COMMENT
Fan 1 Start

(>60) [HV and LV]

Winding Temperature

Green
Red

Fan 1 Stop
Alarm 1 Start

(>85) [HV and LV]

Oil Temperature

Green
Red

Alarm 1 Stop
Fan 2 Start

(>65) [HV and LV]

Oil Temperature

Green
Red

Fan 2 Stop
Alarm 2 Start

Green

Alarm Stop

(>90)

33

CHAPTER 8
COST OF PROJECT
PART A
Cost of RTCC Panel

NIL

PART B
Sr.No, COMPOUNT
1.
Coling Fan
2.
Buzzer
3.
PLC(Allen Bradley)
4.
SMPS
5.
Regulated power
supply kit
Total

COST(Rs.)
350/item
30/item
750/day on rent for 4 days
100/day on rent for 4 days
280
4440/-

QUANTITY
2
2
1
1
1
7

CHAPTER 9

34

9.1 APPLICATIONS
A. For real time monitoring and controlling of Transformer output through OLTC unit fitted in
the Transformer.
B. For real time monitoring and controlling of Transformer Temperature.

9.2 CONCLUSION
We have proposed smart solution to enhance the remote monitoring capability and reliability of
existing RTCC panel. It can operate on multiple channels so as to avoid interference with other
wireless devices or equipment in the industry.

9.3FUTURE SCOPE
RTCC panel can be made fully automatic microprocessor based integrated RTCC Panel
or iRTCC Panel.
This iRTCC Panel has built in AVR which is connected to OLTC of an HT transformer
and maintains the secondary voltage at a preset value. It can be fitted either on a wall near
transformer or in the marshalling box of transformer or in the LT panel. It is also
SCADA/Web monitoring enabled.

35

CHAPTER 10

REFERENCES
[1] EMCO ELECTRONICS Remote tap changer control panel.Pages:02-19
[2] National Communications System, Technical Information Bulletin 04-1

Supervisory

Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems Pages: 16-26

[3] International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 4, Issue 4, April 2015
[4] K.N.Dinesh Babu, G. R. Manjinatha, R. Ramaprabha, V. Rajni, M. V. Gopalan. Smart
Monitoring and Control of Tap Changer Using Intelligent Electronic Device World Academy
of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Electrical, Computer,
Energetic, Electronic and Communication Engineering Vol:9, No:8, 2015
[5] Dr. Md .Fakhruddin Ansari Design and implementation of SCADA based I.M. Control, Int.
Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4,
Issue 3( Version 5), March 2014, pp.05-18

PAPER PUBLICATION
Paper published at National Conference On Inspire Innovations and Emerging Trends in
Electronics and Telecommunication & Electrical Engineering IIET-2016.
VENUE:-JSCOE, HADAPSAR, PUNE.
DATE:-10th March 2016.

36