Article 3 Bill of Rights: Ae Iii

AE III
Article 3
BILL OF RIGHTS
Section 1. No person shall be deprived
of life, liberty, or property without due
process of law, nor shall any person be
denied the equal protection of the
laws.
Section 2. The right of the people to
be secure in their persons, houses,
papers,
and
effects
against
unreasonable searches and seizures of
whatever nature and for any purpose
shall be inviolable, and no search
warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue
except upon probable cause to be
determined personally by the judge
after examination under oath or
affirmation of the complainant and the
witnesses he may produce, and
particularly describing the place to be
searched and the persons or things to
be seized.
Section 3. (1) The privacy of
communication and correspondence
shall be inviolable except upon lawful
order of the court, or when public
safety or order requires otherwise, as
prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation
of this or the preceding section shall
be inadmissible for any purpose in any
proceeding.
Section 4. No law shall be passed
abridging the freedom of speech, of
expression, or of the press, or the right
of the people peaceably to assemble
and petition the government for
redress of grievances.
Section 5. No law shall be made
respecting
an
establishment
of
religion, or prohibiting the free

exercise thereof. The free exercise and
enjoyment of religious profession and
worship, without discrimination or
preference, shall forever be allowed.
No religious test shall be required for
the exercise of civil or political rights.
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of
changing the same within the limits
prescribed by law shall not be
impaired except upon lawful order of
the court. Neither shall the right to
travel be impaired except in the
interest of national security, public
safety, or public health, as may be
provided by law.
Section 7. The right of the people to
information on matters of public
concern shall be recognized. Access to
official records, and to documents and
papers pertaining to official acts,
transactions, or decisions, as well as
to government research data used as
basis for policy development, shall be
afforded the citizen, subject to such
limitations as may be provided by law.
Section 8. The right of the people,
including those employed in the public
and private sectors, to form unions,
associations, or societies for purposes
not contrary to law shall not be
abridged.
Section 9. Private property shall not be
taken for public use without just
compensation.
Section 10. No law impairing the
obligation of contracts shall be passed.
Section 11. Free access to the courts
and
quasi-judicial
bodies
and
adequate legal assistance shall not be
denied to any person by reason of
poverty.
Section 12. (1) Any person under

investigation for the commission of an
offense shall have the right to be
informed of his right to remain silent
and
to
have
competent
and
independent counsel preferably of his
own choice. If the person cannot afford
the services of counsel, he must be
provided with one. These rights cannot
be waived except in writing and in the
presence of counsel.
(2) No torture, force, violence, threat,
intimidation, or any other means
which vitiate the free will shall be used
against him. Secret detention places,
solitary, incommunicado, or other
similar
forms
of
detention
are
prohibited.
enjoy the right to be heard by himself

and counsel, to be informed of the
nature and cause of the accusation
against him, to have a speedy,
impartial, and public trial, to meet the
witnesses face to face, and to have
compulsory process to secure the
attendance of witnesses and the
production of evidence in his behalf.
However, after arraignment, trial may
proceed notwithstanding the absence
of the accused provided that he has
been duly notified and his failure to
appear is unjustifiable.
Section 15. The privilege of the writ of
habeas corpus shall not be suspended
except in cases of invasion or rebellion
when the public safety requires it.
(3) Any confession or admission

obtained in violation of this or Section
17 hereof shall be inadmissible in
evidence against him.
Section 16. All persons shall have the

right to a speedy disposition of their
cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial,
or administrative bodies.
(4) The law shall provide for penal and

civil sanctions for violations of this
section as well as compensation to
and rehabilitation of victims of torture
or similar practices, and their families.
Section 17. No person shall be

compelled to be a witness against
himself.
Section 13. All persons, except those

charged with offenses punishable by
reclusion perpetua when evidence of
guilt is strong, shall, before conviction,
be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be
released on recognizance as may be
provided by law. The right to bail shall
not be impaired even when the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
is suspended. Excessive bail shall not
be required.
Section 14. (1) No person shall be held
to answer for a criminal offense
without due process of law.
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the
accused shall be presumed innocent
until the contrary is proved, and shall
Section 18. (1) No person shall be

detained solely by reason of his
political beliefs and aspirations.
(2) No involuntary servitude in any
form shall exist except as a
punishment for a crime whereof the
party shall have been duly convicted.
Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall
not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading
or inhuman punishment inflicted.
Neither shall the death penalty be
imposed,
unless,
for
compelling
reasons involving heinous crimes, the
Congress hereafter provides for it. Any
death penalty already imposed shall
be reduced to reclusion perpetua.
(2) The employment of physical,

psychological,
or
degrading
punishment against any prisoner or
detainee or the use of substandard or
inadequate penal facilities under
subhuman conditions shall be dealt
with by law.
Section 21. No person shall be twice

put in jeopardy of punishment for the
same offense. If an act is punished by
a law and an ordinance, conviction or
acquittal under either shall constitute
a bar to another prosecution for the
same act.
Section 20. No person shall be

imprisoned for debt or non-payment of
a poll tax.
Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill

of attainder shall be enacted.

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AE III

religion, or prohibiting the free

Section 12. (1) Any person under

enjoy the right to be heard by himself

(3) Any confession or admission

Section 16. All persons shall have the

(4) The law shall provide for penal and

Section 17. No person shall be

Section 13. All persons, except those

Section 18. (1) No person shall be

(2) The employment of physical,

Section 21. No person shall be twice

Section 20. No person shall be

Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill

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