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COVERAGE

CRIMINAL LAW
2016 BAR EXAMINATIONS

I.

Revised Penal Code (RPC) and related Special Laws

A. Book 1 (Articles 1-99, RPC) [Exclude the provisions on civil liability]
1. Fundamental principles
a) Definition of Criminal Law
(i) Mala in Se and Mala Prohibita
(ii) Construction of penal laws
b) Scope of application and characteristics of Philippine criminal law
(i) Generality
(ii) Territoriality
(iii)
Prospectivity
(a) Effects of repeal/amendment of penal law
c) Constitutional limitations on the power of Congress to enact penal laws
(i) Equal protection
(ii) Due process
(iii) Non-imposition of cruel and unusual punishment or excessive
fines
(a) Act Prohibiting the Imposition of Death Penalty in the
Philippines (R.A.
No. 9346)
(iv) Bill of attainder
(v) Ex post facto
law
2. Felonies
a) Classifications of felonies
b) Elements of criminal
liability c) Impossible crime
d) Stages of execution
e) Conspiracy and proposal
f) Multiple offenders (differences, rules,
effects) (i) Recidivism
(ii) Habituality
(Reiteracion) (iii) QuasiRecidivism
(iv) Habitual
Delinquency g) Continuing
crimes
h) Complex crimes and special complex crimes

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Criminal
Law

3. Circumstances affecting criminal liability

a) Justifying circumstances
(i) Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 (R.A.
No.
9262)
(a) Battered woman syndrome
b) Exempting circumstances
(i) Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 (R.A. No. 9344); also refer
to
Child and Youth Welfare Code (P.D. 603, as
amended) (a) Definition of child in conflict with
the law
(b) Minimum age of criminal responsibility
(c) Determination of age
(d) Exemption from criminal liability
(e) Treatment of child below age of responsibility
(f) Status offenses under Sec. 57 of R.A. No. 9344
(g) Offenses not applicable to children under Sec. 58 of R.A.
No. 9344
c) Mitigating circumstances
d) Aggravating circumstances
(i) Generic
(ii) Qualifying
(a)
Decree
Codifying
the
Laws
on
Illegal/Unlawful
Possession, Manufacture, Dealing in, Acquisition or
Disposition, of Firearms, Ammunition or Explosives (P.D.
1866, as amended by R.A. No. 8294) as an aggravating
circumstance
(b) The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (R.A.
No. 9165) (i) As a qualifying aggravating circumstance
(ii) Immunity from prosecution and punishment, coverage
(iii) Minor offenders
(iv) Application/Non- application of RPC provisions (Sec. 98,
R.A. No.
9165) provisions (Sec. 98) cf. Art. 10,
RPC
e) Alternative
circumstances
f) Absolutory cause
4. Persons criminally liable/Degree of participation
a) Decree Penalizing Obstruction of Apprehension and Prosecution of
Criminal
Offenders (P.D.
1829) (i)
Punishable acts
(ii) Compare with Art. 20, RPC (accessories exempt from criminal

2016 Bar Examination

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liability)
5. Penalties
a) General principles

Criminal
Law

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Criminal
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(i) Act Prohibiting the Imposition of Death Penalty in the Philippines

(R.A. No.
9346)
b) Purposes
c) Classification
d) Duration and
Effect
e) Application
(i) Indeterminate Sentence Law (R.A. No. 4103, as
amended)
(a) Application on the imposed sentence
(b) Coverage
(c) Conditions of parole
(ii) Three-fold rule
(iii) Subsidiary imprisonment
f) Execution and service
(i) Probation Law (P.D. 968, as amended by R.A. No. 10707)
(a) Definition of terms
(b) Purpose
(c) Grant of probation, manner and
conditions
(d) Criteria of placing an offender on
probation
(e) Disqualified offenders
(f) Period of probation
(g) Arrest of probationer
(h) Termination of probation; exception
see also: The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (R.A.
No. 9165)
(ii) Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 (R.A. No. 9344); also
refer to Child and Youth Welfare Code (P.D. 603, as amended)
(a) Definition of child in conflict with the law
(b) Exemption from criminal liability
(c) Juvenile justice and welfare system
6. Modification and extinction of criminal
liability
a) Prescription of crime; Prescription of Violations of Special Laws (Act.
No. 3326)
b) Prescription of
penalties
c) Pardon by offended
party
d) Pardon by the Chief
Executive
e) Amnesty
B. Book II (Articles 114-365, RPC) and specifically included
Special Laws
1. Crimes Against National Security (Arts.
114-123)
Include:

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Coverage a) Anti-Piracy and Anti-Highway Robbery (P.D.
532) (i) Definition of terms
(ii) Punishable
acts

Criminal
Law

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Criminal
Law

b) Anti-Hijacking Law (P.D.

6235)
(i) Punishable acts
c) Human Security Act of 2007 (R.A. No.
9372)
(i) Punishable acts of terrorism
(ii) Who are liable
2. Crimes Against the Fundamental Laws of the State (Articles
124-133)
Include:
a) Human Security Act of 2007 (R.A. No.
9372)
(i) Period of detention
b) Anti-Torture Act of 2009 (R.A. No.
9745)
(i) Punishable acts
(ii) Who are liable
3. Crimes Against Public Order (Articles
134-160)
Include:
a) Decree Codifying the Laws on Illegal/Unlawful Possession,
Manufacture, Dealing in, Acquisition or Disposition of Firearms,
Ammunition or Explosives (P.D. 1866,
as amended by R.A. No. 8294), as further amended by the
Comprehensive
Firearms and Ammunition Regulation Act (R.A. No. 10591)
b) Human Security Act of 2007 (R.A. No.
9372)
(i) Punishable acts of terrorism
(ii) Who are liable
(iii) Absorption principle in relation to complex crimes
4. Crimes Against Public Interest (Articles
161-187)
Include:
a) R.A. No. 9194 Anti-Money Laundering
Act
(i) Punishable acts
(ii) Covered Transactions
(iii) Suspicious Transactions
5. Crimes Relative to Opium and Other Prohibited
Drugs

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Coverage
a) The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (R.A.
No. 9165)
(i) Punishable acts
(ii) Who are liable
(iii) Attempt or conspiracy, effect on liability
(iv) Immunity from prosecution and punishment

Criminal
Law

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Criminal
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(iv) Custody and disposition of confiscated, seized and/or

surrendered dangerous drugs (Section 21, R.A. No. 9165)
b) Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of R.A. No. 9165
6. Crimes Against Public Morals (Articles
200-202)
Include:
a) P.D. 1602 Anti-Gambling Act as amended by R.A. 9287 Illegal
Numbers
Game which repealed Articles 195-199 of
the RPC
(i) Punishable acts
b) Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 (R.A. No.
9208)
(i) Punishable acts
7. Crimes Committed by Public Officers (Articles
203-245)
Include:
a) Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act (R.A. No. 3019, as
amended)
(i) Coverage
(ii) Punishable acts
(iii) Exceptions
b) Anti-Plunder Act (R.A. No. 7080, as
amended)
(i) Definition of terms
(ii) Ill-gotten wealth
(iii) Plunder
(iv) Series/Combination
(v) Pattern
c) Human Security Act of 2007 (R.A. No. 9372)
(i) Failure to deliver suspect to proper judicial authority
(ii) Infidelity in the custody of detained persons
(iii) False prosecution
8. Crimes Against Persons (Articles 246266)
Include:
a) Anti-Violence against Women and their Children Act of 2004 (R.A.
No. 9262)
(i) Punishable acts
b) Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009 (R.A. No.
9775)

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Coverage
(i) Definition of terms
(ii) Unlawful or punishable acts

Criminal
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Criminal
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c) Anti-Hazing Law (R.A. No.

8049)
(i) Hazing
(a) Definition
(b) Allowed initiation rites
(ii) Who are liable
(iii) Punishable acts
d) Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination Act (R.A. No. 7610, as
amended) (i) Coverage
(ii) Child prostitution, punishable acts
(iii) Child trafficking, punishable acts
e) Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006 (R.A. No. 9344), as further
amended by the Act Strengthening the Juvenile Justice System in the
Philippines (R.A. No. 10630). Read in relation with the Child and Youth
Welfare Code (P.D. 603, as amended)
(i) Punishable acts
f) Human Security Act of 2007 (R.A. No.
9372)
(i) Punishable acts of terrorism
(ii) Who are liable
9. Crimes Against Personal Liberty and Security (Articles
267-292)
Include:
a) Anti-Wire Tapping Act (R.A. No.
4200)
(i) Punishable acts
(ii) Exceptions
b) Human Security Act of 2007 (R.A. No. 9372)
(i) Surveillance of suspects and interception and
recording of communications
(ii) Restriction on travel
(iii) Examination of bank deposits and documents
(a) Judicial Authorization
(b) Application
(iv) Unauthorized revelation of classified materials
c) Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 (R.A. No.
9208)
(i) Punishable acts
10. Crimes Against Property (Articles
293-332)
Include:
a) Anti-Fencing Law (P.D. 1612) and its Implementing Rules and

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Criminal
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2

Criminal
Law

(i) Fencing
(a) Definition
(b) Presumption of fencing
(ii) Exception
(a) With clearance or permit to sell
b) Bouncing Checks Law (B.P. Blg. 22), plus Administrative Circular No.
12-2000
Re: Penalty for Violation of B.P. 22 and Administrative Circular No. 132001
Re: Clarification of Admin. Circular No. 12-2000; and P.D. No. 1689
(Increasing the Penalty for Certain Forms of Swindling or Estafa)
(i) Punishable acts
(ii) Evidence of knowledge of insufficient funds
(iii) Preference of imposition of fine
c) Anti-Carnapping Act of 1972 (R.A. No. 6539), as amended by R.A. No.
7659
(i) Registration
(iii) Who are liable
(a) Duty of Collector of Customs
(b) Duty of importers, distributors and sellers
(c) Clearance and permit
(iv) Punishable acts
d) Human Security Act of 2007 (R.A. No.
9372)
(i) Punishable acts of terrorism
e) Anti-Arson Law (P.D.
1613)
(i) Punishable acts
11. Crimes Against Chastity (Articles 333-334,
336-346)
Include:
a) Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009 (R.A. No.
9995)
(i) Punishable acts
b) Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination Act (R.A. No. 7610, as
amended) (i) Child prostitution and other
acts of abuse
(a) Punishable acts
(b) Compare prosecution for Acts of Lasciviousness under Art.
366, RPC
and R.A. No. 7610, as
amended
(ii) Obscene publications and indecent shows
(a) Punishable acts

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Coverage c) Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act
3 of 2003 (R.A. No.
9208)
(i) Punishable acts

Criminal
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Criminal
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d) Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 (R.A.

No. 9262)
(i) Punishable acts
12. Crimes Against Civil Status (Articles 347-352)
13. Crimes Against Honor (Articles
353-364)
Include:
a) Administrative Circular 08-2008 Re: Guidelines in the Observance of a
Rule of Preference in the Imposition of Penalties in Libel Cases
(i) Preference of imposition of fine
14. Criminal Negligence (Article 365)
[EXCLUDE:
a. Penalties for specific crimes
b. Special criminal laws not included in the above listing]
IMPORTANT
NOTES:
1. This listing of covered topics is not intended and should not be used by the law
schools as a course outline. This was drawn up for the limited purpose of ensuring
that Bar candidates are guided on the coverage of the 2016 Bar Examinations.
2. All Supreme Court decisions - pertinent to a given Bar subject and its listed topics,
and promulgated up to May 31, 2015 - are examinable materials within the
coverage of the 2016 Bar Examinations.