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Methodology: Design Specification

The document describes the methodology for a project to design an electric fan with a heat sensor and motion sensor. It outlines the design flowchart which shows the steps of selecting components, purchasing and testing them, and interfacing and testing the system until the needed operation is met. It then discusses the functional blocks including the Arduino microcontroller, sensors, switching device, and fan. Finally, it provides details on the power supply, sensors (heat and motion), microcontroller, and switching device that will be used in the project.

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Efryl Lapina
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61 views

Methodology: Design Specification

The document describes the methodology for a project to design an electric fan with a heat sensor and motion sensor. It outlines the design flowchart which shows the steps of selecting components, purchasing and testing them, and interfacing and testing the system until the needed operation is met. It then discusses the functional blocks including the Arduino microcontroller, sensors, switching device, and fan. Finally, it provides details on the power supply, sensors (heat and motion), microcontroller, and switching device that will be used in the project.

Uploaded by

Efryl Lapina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
Design specification

Selection/Identifying of
components needed

Purchasing and testing of


components

Are the components


working as needed?

If
no
yes
Interfacing of
components

Testing

Did it meet the needed


operation?

If
no
yes
Project

Fig. 3.1done
Design
flowchart

3.1 Design Flowchart


Figure 3.1 will show the process on how the flowchart works it
will show the step by step process on what should be the
components to be used in the proposed electric fan with heat
sensor and motion sensor project. If the components will not work
as needed, it will go back to the selection and components needed
again. If the design will not meet the needed operation, it will
interface and test the components again and again unless the
needed operation meets.

3.2 Functional Block Implementation


The block diagram of the proposed project is composed of
sensors, microcontroller, the switching device and the fan. The
system is very useful for all areas where temperature variation
overnight is considerably high. The designed system is a remarkable
breakthrough in monitoring and control system technology and
should be adopted in order to explore all its numerous benefits. The
system is secure and reliable device which can excel in this day and
age.

ARDUINO
MICROCONTROLLER

MOTION
SENSOR

SWITCHING
DEVICE

HEAT SENSOR

FAN

Fig. 3.2 Block Diagram

The next section will discussed the individual blocks in the


Block Diagram.

3.3 Power Supply


The power supply uses a step down transformer that has an output
of 12V and then rectified by a bridge rectifier. This 12V is then feed
to the LM7805 regulator so that it has a constant output of 5V.

Fig. 3.3 Power Supply

Fig. 3.3 shows the schematic diagram of the power supply.


The diode bridge in the diagram is an arrangement of four diodes in
a bridge circuit configuration that provides the same polarity of
output for either polarity of input. When used in its most common
application, for conversion of an alternating current (AC) input into

a direct current (DC) output, it is known as a bridge rectifier. A


bridge rectifier provides full-wave rectification from a two-wire AC
input, resulting in lower cost and weight as compared to a rectifier
with a 3-wire input from a transformer.
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical
energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic
induction. Step down transformer is used on the fig. 3.3, the main
purpose of the transformer is to increase or decrease the voltages
of an alternating current in electric power applications.

3.4 Sensors
Sensors are transducers whose purpose is to sense or to detect some characteristic
of its environments. It detects events or changes in quantities and provides a
corresponding output, generally as an electrical or optical signal.
Two sensors will be used on the proposed project. The two sensors
will be define and elaborate its specifications below.

3.4.1 Heat Sensor


LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors

Fig. 3.4 LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature


Sensor
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature
sensors, with an output voltage linearly proportional to the
Centigrade temperature. Thus, the LM35 has an advantage over
linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not
required to subtract a large constant voltage from the output to
obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require
any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of
1/4C at room temperature and 3/4C over a full -55C to
+155C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and
calibration at the wafer level. The low output impedance, linear
output, and precise inherent calibration of the LM35 make
interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. The device
is used with single power supplies or with plus and minus supplies.
As the LM35 draws only 60uA from the supply, it has very low self-

heating of less than 0.1C in still air. The LM35 series is available in
the plastic TO-92 transistor package.
Features of LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensor
1. Operates from 4-30V

5.

Rated for full -55C to +150C

2. Calibrated directly in Celsius

range
6.
0.5C ensured accuracy (at

3. Suitable for remote

+25C)
7. Less than 60-A current drain

applications
4. Low cost

8. Low impedance output, 0.1 for


1mA load

3.4.2 Motion Sensor


The motion sensor that will be used on the proposed project is
the Mini PIR Sensor. A specification of Mini PIR sensor is shown
below:

Fig. 3.5 Mini PIR Sensor

Mini PIR Sensor Specifications


Power Input
Static Current
Output Signal

DC 4.5-20V
50uA
0 - 3V (Output high when motion

Sentry Angle
Sentry Distance

detected)
110 degree
7 meter (max)

3.5 Microcontroller
The microcontroller serves as the brain of the system. It is
used to store all the assembly language program of the system; it
also controls, coordinates and manages all the activities of the
system. All the components that made up the system are directly or
indirectly connected to it to achieve the designed project.
Arduino ATmega 328 will be used for the proposed project
because it is already proven and tested. A specification of ATmega
328 is shown below:

Fig. 3.6 Arduino ATmega 328


Specifications of Arduino ATmega 328
Power Input
Debugger Port
I/O Port

External: 8V-12V USB: 5V


ICSP
20 I/Os (14 Digital I/O and 6 analog
In)

DC Power Output
On-board Crystal
PCB Dimensions

3.3V
16MHz and 12MHz
2.7 x 2.1 inches

3.5 Switching Device


For the switching device of the project, 06VDC Relay will be
used. Relay is an electrical device, typically incorporating an
electromagnet, that is activated by a current or signal in one
circuit to open or close another circuit. The relay will be used to

trigger the desired speed of the electric fan. Specifications and


figures are shown below.

Fig. 3.7 06VDC Relay


Specifications of 06VDC Relay
1. Switching capacity available by
10A in spite of small size design for
high density P .C. board mounting
technique.
2. UL,CUL,TUV recognized.

3. Selection of plastic material for


high temperature and better
chemical solution performance.
4. Sealed type and simple relay
magnetic circuit.

References
circuitstoday.com
datasheetbank.com
electroschematics.com
electrosome.com
engineersgarage.com
futureelectronics.com
wikipedia.com
http://www.faqs.org/espionage/Lo-Mo/Motion-Sensors.html
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2014/07/24/interru
pted-sleep.aspx

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