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    A Project Report On Solar Energy Based Automatic Street Light Controller

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    Soumadeep Chatterjee
    This document is a project report on a solar energy based automatic street light controller submitted by three students. It describes the controller, which uses a solar panel, IC 555 timer, LDR light sensor, and relay to automatically turn street lights on at dusk and off at dawn in order to efficiently control lighting and save electricity. The controller is designed for use in rural areas without electricity and can provide lighting for up to 11 hours on solar power alone. It is presented as an effective, low-cost, and eco-friendly solution to street lighting needs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    A Project Report On Solar Energy Based Automatic Street Light Controller

    Uploaded by

    Soumadeep Chatterjee
    82 views13 pages
    This document is a project report on a solar energy based automatic street light controller submitted by three students. It describes the controller, which uses a solar panel, IC 555 timer, LDR light sensor, and relay to automatically turn street lights on at dusk and off at dawn in order to efficiently control lighting and save electricity. The controller is designed for use in rural areas without electricity and can provide lighting for up to 11 hours on solar power alone. It is presented as an effective, low-cost, and eco-friendly solution to street lighting needs.

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    This document is a project report on a solar energy based automatic street light controller submitted by three students. It describes the controller, which uses a solar panel, IC 555 timer, LDR light sensor, and relay to automatically turn street lights on at dusk and off at dawn in order to efficiently control lighting and save electricity. The controller is designed for use in rural areas without electricity and can provide lighting for up to 11 hours on solar power alone. It is presented as an effective, low-cost, and eco-friendly solution to street lighting needs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    82 views13 pages

    A Project Report On Solar Energy Based Automatic Street Light Controller

    Uploaded by

    Soumadeep Chatterjee
    This document is a project report on a solar energy based automatic street light controller submitted by three students. It describes the controller, which uses a solar panel, IC 555 timer, LDR light sensor, and relay to automatically turn street lights on at dusk and off at dawn in order to efficiently control lighting and save electricity. The controller is designed for use in rural areas without electricity and can provide lighting for up to 11 hours on solar power alone. It is presented as an effective, low-cost, and eco-friendly solution to street lighting needs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    A PROJECT REPORT ON

    SOLAR ENERGY BASED AUTOMATIC


    STREET LIGHT CONTROLLER

    SUBMITTED BY
    AMAR GUPTA
    MANISHA BAGANI
    VARUN SHAH

    CHAMELI DEVI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY


    AND MANAGEMENT
    DECLARATION

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller

    We here by declare that the information provided in this report is


    on the basis of keen study and hence the information is correct to
    the best of our knowledge. We shall be accountable for any
    misleading information in any part of this report.

    AMAR GUPTA
    MANISHA BAGANI
    VARUN SHAH

    CONTENTS
    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller

    1. Introduction
    2. IC 555
    3. Circuit Diagram
    4. Schematic Plan
    5. Working
    6. Components Required
    7. Applications
    8. Conclusion
    9. Bibliography

    INTRODUCTION
    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller


    Solar powered automatic street light controller is an very efficient device which
    regulated the street light working. It automatically turns on when there is dark at
    the dusk time and turns off at the dawn when the sun is out.

    Solar powered automatic street light controller is one of the applications of


    electronics to increase the facilities of life. The use of new electronic theories has
    been put down by expertise to increase the facilities given by the existing
    appliance. Here the facility of ordinary street light is increased by the making it
    controlled automatically.

    In Solar powered automatic street light controller there is a provision in which the
    energy required to run the street light is provided by the solar energy.. In this NE
    555 IC is wired as Monostable multivibrator. For regulating the input AC supply
    there is a regulator Section consisting of IC 7812. For detecting the light the LDR
    is used as the sensor.

    555 Timer IC
    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller

    The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a


    variety of timer and multivibrator applications. The IC was designed
    and invented by Hans R. Camenzind. It was designed in 1970 and
    introduced in 1971 by Signetics (later acquired by Philips). The
    original name was the SE555/NE555 and was called "The IC Time
    Machine". The 555 gets its name from the three 5-kohm resistors used
    in typical early implementations. It is still in wide use, thanks to its
    ease of use, low price and good stability. As of 2003, 1 billion units
    are manufactured every year.
    Depending on the manufacturer, it includes over 20 transistors, 2
    diodes and 15 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini
    dual-in-line package (DIP-8).
    The 556 is a 14-pin DIP that combines two 555s on a single chip.
    The 558 is a 16-pin DIP that combines four slightly modified 555s on
    a single chip (DIS & THR are connected internally, TR is falling edge
    sensitive instead of level sensitive).
    Also available are ultra-low power versions of the 555 such as the
    7555 and TLC555. The 7555 requires slightly different wiring using
    fewer external components and less power.
    The 555 has three operating modes:
    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller

    Monostable mode: - In this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-shot".


    Applications include timers; missing pulse detection, bounce free
    switches,

    touch

    switches,

    Frequency

    Divider,

    Capacitance

    Measurement, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) etc.

    Astable Mode :- Also called as Free Running mode. The 555 can
    operate as an oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp flashers, pulse
    generation, logic clocks, tone generation, security alarms, pulse
    position modulation, etc.

    Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger: - The 555 can operate as a flipflop, if the DIS pin is not connected and no capacitor is used. Uses
    include bouncefree latched switches, etc.

    Internal Schematic of 555 Timers IC

    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller

    Schematic Symbol of 555 Timers IC

    SCHEMATIC PLAN
    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller


    Light dependent resistor LDR is used as the light sensor. Its resistance increases in
    absence of light while it decreases in present of light. NE 555 IC is wired as
    monostable multivibrator. The trigger to this is signals from potential across 100k
    resistor.

    The 230 V AC is stepped down to 12 V by transformer (12V-0-12V). This 12V is


    regulated by IC 7812 regulator to provide 12V. This 12V is supplied to the whole
    circuit.
    IC 7812 is used as the regulator IC which regulates the current and voltage to the
    IC 555 and the rest of the circuit The output of IC 555 is used to drive a transistor
    When the transistor conducts it operates the relay and controls the turn on and off
    of the street light.

    WORKING
    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller


    The 230 V from AC mains is stepped down to 12V and Regulated by IC 7812.
    This 12V is used for providing supply to the entire circuit. During the day time
    condition, the presence of light decreases the resistance of the LDR So the
    potential drop across the 100Kohm resistor increases so the voltage across the
    trigger becomes greater than 1/3 of Vcc that is 4 volt so the output becomes zero
    so the relay remains at off state so the light doesnt turns off. In dark condition
    like at night the resistance of the LDR increases so the potential drop across the
    100k ohm resistor becomes less than 1/3 Vcc so the IC 555 is triggered and the
    relay operates to turn on the street light . The solar panel of 12V provides a
    potential of 12 volts to the circuit which operates upon the IC 555 and ultimately
    controls the relay to regulate the street lights .This NE 555, which is wired as
    Monostable multivibrator, is used to trigger the relay.

    COMPONENTS REQUIRED
    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller


    1.

    IC 7812

    2.

    IC 555

    3.

    Carbon film resistors

    4.

    Electrolytic capacitors

    5.

    Ceramic capacitors

    6.

    230 VOLT AC bulb

    7.

    Diodes

    8.

    Transistor- BC548

    9.

    Solar panel

    11.

    Centre tapped transformer

    APPLICATION
    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller


    This system is designed for outdoor application in un-electrified remote rural
    areas. This system is an ideal application for campus and village street lighting.
    Street light gives bright light over a semi circular radius of 30 feet. The system is
    provided with battery storage backup sufficient to operate the light for 10-11 hours
    daily. The system is provided with automatic ON/OFF time switch for dusk to
    down operation and overcharge / deep discharge prevention cut-off with LED
    indicators.
    Solar Street Lighting System is an ideal lighting system for Roads, Yards,
    Residential Colonies, Townships, Corporate Offices, Hospitals , Educational
    Institutions and Rural Electrification.

    So, in all, installation of this circuit brings luxury to the daily life.

    CONCLUSION
    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller


    With the knowledge of new techniques in Electronics, we are able to make our
    life more comfortable. One such application of electronics is Solar energy

    based automatic street light controller.

    Solar powered automatic street light controller is one of the applications of


    electronics to increase the facilities of life. The use of new electronic theories has
    been put down by expertise to increase the facilities given by the existing
    appliance. Here the facility of ordinary street light is increased by the making it
    controlled automatically

    This circuit is simple to use and efficient. It can be assembled with ease. It is
    cheap and hence very economic. It is small in size and can be fixing inside the
    street light.
    It saves around 40% of electricity from per street light. So throughout the world if
    we use this concept then it will eliminate the energy crisis to a larger extent.
    It is ecofriendly and utilizes the renewable source of energy very well.

    BIBLIOGRAPHY
    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

    Solar energy based automatic street light controller

    Wikipedia.com

    Solargadgets.com

    Chamelidevi Institute of Technology and Management

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