Pressure refuelling of TNT BAe146 QC

and QT aircraft.
This guide is intended for use by trained refuel staff to give specific
information regarding the TNT BAe 146 aircraft type.

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General Warnings and Limitations

WARNING:

MAKE CERTAIN LANDING GEAR GROUND LOCKING PINS AND CHOCKS ARE
IN POSITION

WARNING:

NO SMOKING OR NAKED FLAMES WITHIN 30 FT. (9.14 M.).

WARNING:

BEFORE CONNECTING TANKER HOSE TO AIRCRAFT, MAKE CERTAIN

AIRCRAFT AND TANKER ARE BONDED TO EACH OTHER, AND IF POSSIBLE
BOTH ARE CONNECTED TO AN APPROVED GROUND: BONDING IS
ESSENTIAL, GROUNDING IS RECOMMENDED.

WARNING:

IN THE EVENT OF FUEL SPILLAGE OR FIRE, STOP REFUELLING, SHUT

DOWN REFUEL FACILITY AND ELECTRICAL POWER, AND OPERATE THE
APU CUT-OFF SITUATED AT THE REFUEL CONTROL PANEL.

CAUTION:

USE ONLY APPROVED FUELS.

CAUTION:

MAKE CERTAIN ADEQUATE FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES ARE AVAILABLE.

CAUTION:

COMPLY WITH LOCAL SAFETY REGULATIONS.

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Approved kerosene fuels and additives for use on the BAe 146 aircraft type.

Approved kerosene fuels

The kerosene fuels in the following table are approved for use with the power plant and auxiliary power unit (APU)
Fuel type
Aviation turbine
fuel
Kerosene type
Aviation turbine
fuel
High flash type
With icing
inhibitor
Aviation turbine
fuel
Kerosene type
With icing
inhibitor

British
DEF STAN
91-91
(DERD
2494)
DEF STAN
91-86
(DERD
2452)

DEF STAN
91-87
(DERD
2453)

American

Canadian

Russian

NATO code /JSD

ASTM D1655

CAN/CGSB-3.23

GOST 10227

F35/AVTUR

JET A1

(Grade TS-1)

MIL-DTL-5624

F44/AVCAT/FSII

(Grade JP-5

MIL-DTL-83133

F34/AVTUR/FSII

(Grade JP-8)

Approved fuel additives

The following additives are approved for use with the system. They may be used singly or in combination, at the approved concentrations.

Class of additive

Designation

ANTI-CORROSION

DEF STAN 68-251 (DERD 2461) AL-61

ANTI-ICING AND BIOCIDAL

DEF STAN 68-252 (DERD 2451) MIL-DTL-85470 AL-41

BIOCIDAL

BIOBOR JF

ANTI-STATIC

STADIS 450

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Refuel and Defuel Limitations

Maximum refuel pressure:

Maximum defuel suction:

50 p.s.i. (3.45 bar)

11 p.s.i. (-0.76 bar)

Maximum refuel rates:

Imperial
US
Gallon/min Gallon/min Litre/min Lbs./min Kg./min
Individual
wing
Centre
tank
Both
wings
All tanks

120

144

545

960

435

60

72

273

480

218

225
275

270
330

1023
1250

1800
2200

816
998

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Pressure refuelling system description and common component locations.

General
Fuel is contained in three integral fuel tanks, one in each wing and one in the fuselage centre section. A
refuel/defuel station, situated in the underside of the right wing leading edge, consists of a standard fuel
coupling, an off-load valve for defuelling and transfer between tanks, and a refuel control panel.

Aircraft fuel tank capacities

Wing left
Centre
Wing
right
Total

Imp gal
1015
550

US gal
1219
661

litre
4614
2500

lb
8120
4400

kg
3683
1996

1015
2580

1219
3099

4614
11,728

8120
20,640

3683
9362

These quantities refer to an aircraft fuelled to override cut-off. When gravity filled, the quantity in each wing tank reduces to 1005
Imp gal. (1207 US gal., 4569 litre, 8040 lb., 3647 kg.) but the centre tank quantity remains the same.
The automatic refuel preselect will only refuel TNT Aircraft to a total of 8800kg. (3500 kg / 1800 kg / 3500 kg)
If a higher fuel load is required then the refuel must be continued after shutdown of the automatic system by selecting the refuel
valve switches to override

WARNING:

If a Full tanks refuel is started with the refuel switches set directly to override there is
a high risk of a fuel spillage from the NACA ducts at the wing tips due to venting.

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Common component locations

1 The aircraft bonding point

2 The refuel station
3 The pressure refuelling hose connector and refuel station
4 The refuel selector panel showing pressure refuelling hose connector and
refuel hose bonding point
5 The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) Emergency Stop switch

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Location of the Aircraft bonding point

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Location of the refuel station

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Location of the pressure refuelling hose connector and refuel

station

Baulk lever for Defuel only

(pulled down to allow defuel valve to open)

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Location of the refuel selector panel showing pressure refuelling

hose connector and refuel hose bonding point

Refuel hose bonding point

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The Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) Emergency Stop switch

IN THE EVENT OF FUEL SPILLAGE OR FIRE, STOP REFUELLING, SHUT DOWN REFUEL
FACILITY AND ELECTRICAL POWER, AND OPERATE THE APU CUT-OFF SITUATED AT
THE REFUEL CONTROL PANEL.

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Refuelling Overview
1

Pressure refuelling is governed from the control panel; automatically by using the
load preselect, or manually by use of the tank refuelling valve override switches.

Tank refuelling valve

override switch position

Components of the refuel control panel

Load selector and selection indicator

Fuel quantity indicator (x3)

APU Emergency stop switch

Refuel master switch (guarded)

Valve position indicator (Shut / crosshatched / Open) (x3)

Refuel valve switches (Shut / Preselect / Override) (x3)
Tank Full warning light (x3)

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In the event of refuel cut-off failure the system is vented to atmosphere

via a NACA duct located in each wing tip.

NACA duct vent

(View from under wing)

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Over wing gravity refuelling

In the event of the pressure refuel system failing it is possible to refuel the aircraft using the over wing gravity
refuelling points.
Over wing gravity refuelling points are provided for each tank for refuelling when the pressure system fails.

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Performing Pressure refuelling

Pre refuel system test

Perform a water test before fuel is uploaded to the aircraft

Perform the pressure refuel

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Perform a pre-refuel system test

1

At refuel control panel, make certain off-load valve is shut (lever horizontal), and MASTER
switch is set to OFF, left, centre and right refuel VALVE position indicators show cross-hatch.

Turn LOAD PRESELECT clockwise to maximum.

Set MASTER switch to ON. Make certain refuel VALVE position indicators go to SHUT, and fuel
quantity indicators show correct existing fuel state.

Set LEFT, CENTRE and RIGHT refuel valve switches to PRE-SELECT and make certain all
three refuel VALVE position indicators go to OPEN.

Turn LOAD PRESELECT ANTI-clockwise to zero and make certain all three refuel VALVE
position indicators go to SHUT.
NOTE: If the tank contents are at or below unusable fuel level (the level at which the gauges
and preselect are set at zero) then the valves will not shut.

Set all refuel valve switches to OVERRIDE and make certain all three refuel VALVE position
indicators go to OPEN.

Set switches to SHUT and make certain refuel VALVE indicators go to SHUT.

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Perform a water test on a sample of fuel taken from the

vehicle test point before any fuel is uplifted to the aircraft.

A sample of fuel is to be taken from the vehicle water test point and a standard industry
test is to be performed to ensure the fuel is free from water.
The test sample should be retained for inspection by flight crew / TNT representative if
requested.
The test sample may be disposed of after departure of the aircraft

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Perform a pressure refuel

1

Bond tanker to aircraft bonding point in right-hand main landing gear bay.

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Position tanker hose coupling and bond hose to aircraft. Remove blanking cap from
aircraft fuel coupling and connect tanker hose.

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Set all three refuel valve switches to PRE-SELECT and adjust LOAD PRESELECT to
required load.

a) - Switches to preselect
Down SHUT
Mid PRESELECT
Up
OVERRIDE
b) - Then adjust load preselect
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Make certain refuel VALVE position indicators show OPEN for all tanks due to receive
fuel.
NOTE: If load selected does not require fuel in the centre tank, the CENTRE indicator will show
SHUT.

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Start refuelling. Flow will stop automatically at preselected load.

For absolute maximum fuel load, set refuel valve switches to PRE-SELECT and adjust
LOAD PRESELECT to its maximum,
a. Continue refuelling to preselect cut-off.
b. Then set refuel valve switches to override, make certain refuel valve indicators show
OPEN, continue refuelling until high level tank switches operate and fuel flow stops.
Make certain tank FULL indicators come on.

NOTE:

The automatic refuel preselect will only refuel TNT Aircraft to a total of 8800kg.
(3500 / 1800 / 3500)
If a higher fuel load is require then the refuel must be continued after shutdown
of the automatic system by selecting the refuel valve switches to override
WARNING
If a full tanks refuel is started with the refuel switches selected directly to the
override position there is a high risk of a fuel spillage from the NACA ducts at
the wing tips due to venting.
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Make certain all refuel VALVE indicators show SHUT, and fuel quantity indicators show
required fuel load.

On refuel panel make certain fuel quantity indicators show correct fuel load.

At refuel control panel, set refuel valve switches to SHUT, and MASTER switch to OFF.

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10

Disconnect tanker hose bonding and uncouple hose from aircraft.

11

Install blanking cap to aircraft fuel coupling.

12

Close and secure refuel/defuel station access panel

(If the panel is not locked securely by all 3 latches the aircraft battery can
discharge)
13

Disconnect tanker bonding from aircraft.

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Refuel complete

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