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Subband Coding: 09bit059 (Mihika Shah)

Subband coding decomposes a source signal into constituent frequency bands using digital filters, allowing each band to be encoded and decoded separately. This improves compression performance over approaches that treat signals linearly or cluster together. The key steps are analysis using low-pass and high-pass filters to separate frequencies, quantization and coding allocating more bits to higher information bands, and synthesis recombining the bands. Subband coding is used widely in applications like speech coding, audio coding, and image compression, including in the MPEG audio standards.

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Fasika Tegegn
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60 views13 pages

Subband Coding: 09bit059 (Mihika Shah)

Subband coding decomposes a source signal into constituent frequency bands using digital filters, allowing each band to be encoded and decoded separately. This improves compression performance over approaches that treat signals linearly or cluster together. The key steps are analysis using low-pass and high-pass filters to separate frequencies, quantization and coding allocating more bits to higher information bands, and synthesis recombining the bands. Subband coding is used widely in applications like speech coding, audio coding, and image compression, including in the MPEG audio standards.

Uploaded by

Fasika Tegegn
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SubbandCoding

09bit059
(MihikaShah)

Introduction
Vectorquantizationisusedwhenthesourceoutputshowshigh
degreeofclustering.
Scalarquantizationisusedwhenthesourceoutputislinearin
nature.
Whenthesourcehaswelldefinedcharacteristicthenwecanchoose
aparticularcompressionscheme.
Butinrealworld,mostsourceexhibitacombinationof
characteristics.Sosubbandcodinghelpsustosolvethisproblem.

WhatisSubbandCoding?
ASourceoutputisdecomposedintoitsconstituents.Andeach
constituentisencodedanddecodedseparatelytoimprove
compressionperformance.
Itseparatesthesourceoutputintobandsofdifferentfrequency
usingdigitalfilters.
Differentfiltersareusedlikelowpassfilterorhighpassfilter.

Filters
Asystemthatblockscertainfrequencycomponentsiscalleda
filter.
Filtersthatonlypasscomponentsbelowcertainfrequencyf0are
calledlowpassfilters.
Filtersthatblockallcomponentsbelowcertainfrequencyf0are
calledhighpassfilters.
Filtersthatpasscomponentsthathavefrequencycontentabove
certainfrequencyf1andbelowfrequencyf2arecalledbandpass
filters.

Thisisthemostfrequently
usedfilterbankswhich
consistsofacascadeofstages
andeachstagecontainsboth
lowpassandhighpassfilter.

BasicSubbandCodingAlgorithm

Itconsistsofthreephases:
1. Analysis
2. QuantizationandCoding
3. Synthesis

Analysis

Fig1.Blockdiagramofsubbandcodingsystem

(Contd)
Sourceoutputispassedthrougheithernonoverlappingor
overlappingfilters.
Therangeoffrequenciesattheoutputislessthantherangeof
frequenciesattheinputtothefilter.
Theprocessofreducingthenumberofsamplesiscalled
decimationordownsampling.
Theamountofdecimationdependsontheratioofthebandwidth
ofthefilteroutputtofilterinput.
Ifthebandwidthoffilteroutputis1/Mofthebandwidthoffilter
inputthenthedecimationwillbeofM.

QuantizationandCoding
Allocationofbitsbetweenthesubbandsisthemainissue.
Bitsareallocatedaccordingtothemeasureofinformationcontent
betweensubbands.
Whentheinformationcontentofbandsisverydifferent,bit
allocationprocedurehasasignificantimpact.

Synthesis
Quantizedandcodedcoefficientsareusedforthereconstructionof
theoriginalsignal.
Fromeachsubband,encodedsamplesaredecodedatthereceiver.
Decodedvaluesareunsampledbyinsertinganappropriatenumber
of0sbetweensamples.
Theunsampledsignalsarepassedthroughabankofreconstruction
filterswhenthenumberofsamplespersecondhasbeenbrought
backtotheoriginalrate.
Summationofthereconstructionfiltergivesthefinalreconstructed
output.

Applications

SpeechCoding
AudioCoding
ImageCompression

(Contd)
TheMovingPictureExpertsGroup(MPEG)hasproposedan
audiocodingschemewhichisbasedonsubbandcoding.
Therearethreelayersinwhichlayer1andlayer2bothusea
bankof32filters.Inputissplitted into32bands,eachwiththe
bandwidthoff/64,wherefisthesamplingfrequency.
32000samplespersecond,44100samplespersecondand48000
samplespersecondaretheallowablefrequencies.

Thankyou

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