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Power System Analysis Lab 5

This document is a laboratory report submitted by David Mubayiwa that details fault level calculations performed using the PSCAD software. The report includes an introduction stating the purpose of investigating fault levels using PSCAD. The methods section describes the steps taken - calculating Y-bus and Z-bus matrices, running the PSCAD program to simulate different fault types, and calculating fault currents. The results section shows the current and voltage waveforms for various fault types. The discussion analyzes the most severe fault and provides sample calculations. The conclusions state that the laboratory aim of analyzing faults using PSCAD was successful.

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192 views13 pages

Power System Analysis Lab 5

This document is a laboratory report submitted by David Mubayiwa that details fault level calculations performed using the PSCAD software. The report includes an introduction stating the purpose of investigating fault levels using PSCAD. The methods section describes the steps taken - calculating Y-bus and Z-bus matrices, running the PSCAD program to simulate different fault types, and calculating fault currents. The results section shows the current and voltage waveforms for various fault types. The discussion analyzes the most severe fault and provides sample calculations. The conclusions state that the laboratory aim of analyzing faults using PSCAD was successful.

Uploaded by

divante
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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David Mubayiwa

12596724

Power System Analysis


(301/603)
Name: David Mubayiwa
Student number: 12596724
Title of the experiment: Fault Level Calculations Using
EMTDC/PSCAD
Laboratory group: Monday 13:00-15:00
Laboratory supervisor:
Laboratory partners: Vikas Bhandari
Date performed: 18th May 2015
Due date: 26th May 2015
Date submitted: 26th May 2015

I hereby declare that this report is entirely my own work and has not been copied from any
other student or past student. (Font: Times New Roman 12 Italic)

Student signature: ----------------------------------------------------------

David Mubayiwa
12596724

Introduction
This experiment is about to investigate how to use a commercial software
program to calculate fault levels and extended applications.
.

Aims and Objectives


The aim of this laboratory was to demonstrate student how to use of
PSCAD software program to calculate fault levels and extended
applications.

David Mubayiwa
12596724

Apparatus
PSCAD software
Printer

Method
1. Using the system data given in Table 1 and the impedance diagrams
shown in Figures 2-4, compute the positive, negative and zero sequence Ybus matrices.
2. Invert the Y-bus matrices to obtain the Z-bus matrices and the Thevenin
impedances for each bus.
3. Run the PSCAD program.
4. Choose the fault location, type, start time and duration as per the
instructor given values.
5. Calculate the rms fault current sequence components.

Theory and Circuits

Figure 1 4-bus power system


Table 1 4 Bus System Data

David Mubayiwa
12596724

Figure 2 Positive Sequence Diagram

Figure 3 Negative Sequence Diagram

Figure 4 Zero Sequence Diagram

David Mubayiwa
12596724

Figure 5 Fault location, fault type, fault start time and fault duration selectors in PSCAD

Results
No Fault Results

Figure 6 No Fault Current

Figure 7 No Fault Voltages

David Mubayiwa
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Phase A to Ground Results

Figure 8 Phase A to Ground Current

Figure 9 Phase A to Ground Voltages

Phase AB to Ground Results

Figure 10 Phase AB to Ground Current

David Mubayiwa
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Figure 11 Phase AB to Ground Voltage

Phase ABC to Ground

Figure 12 Phase ABC to Ground Currents

Figure 13 Phase ABC to Ground Voltages

Phase AB Results

David Mubayiwa
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Figure 14 Phase AB Currents

Figure 15 Phase AB Voltages

Phase ABC Results

Figure 16 Phase ABC Currents

David Mubayiwa
12596724

Figure 17 Phase ABC Voltages

Discussion
According to the data listed in lab sheet, when bus 3 is fault we can obtain:
Z TH (1)=Z TH (2)= j0.15 pu
Z TH (0)= j 0.1 pu
For single line to ground fault

I a1 =I a 2 =I a 0 =

Ea
1
=
= j 2.5 pu
(
)
(
)
(
)
j
(0.15+0.15+
0.1)
Z TH 1 + Z TH 2 + Z TH 0

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Ia
1 1 1 I a0
1 1 1 j 2.5 j7.5
2
pu
I b = 1 a a I a 1 = 1 a2 a . j 2.5 = 0
2
2
0
Ic
1 a a I a2
1 a a j 2.5

David Mubayiwa
12596724

[ ][][

V a0
0
j 0.1
V a1 = 1 0
0
0
V a2

0
j 0.15
0

][ ] [ ]

I a0
0
0.25
0
I a 1 = 0.625 pu
j 0.15 I a 2 0.375

So

[ ] [ ][ ] [

V ag 1 1 1 0.25
0
2
V bg = 1 a a 0.625 = 0.944 113.4 pu
0.944 113.4
V cg 1 a a2 0.375

For double line to ground fault

I a1 =

Ea
1
=
= j 4.76 pu
Z TH ( 1 ) +Z TH ( 2 ) Z TH ( 0 ) j 0.15+ j 0.015
j 0.25
ZTH ( 2 ) + ZTH ( 0 )
V a 1=V a 2=V a 0=

I a 0=

Va
=EaI a 1 Z TH ( 1 ) =1( j 4.76 ) ( j 0.15 )=0.286 pu
3

V a 0
= j 2.86 pu
Z TH ( 0 )

I a2 =

V a 2 0.286
=
= j1.9 pu
Z TH (2 ) j 0.15

]
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ] [ ] [
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ]

Ia
1 1 1 I a0
1 1 1
j 2.857
0
2
I b = 1 a a I a 1 = 1 a2 a . j 4.762 = 7.190 143.4 pu
j 1.905
7.190 36.6
Ic
1 a a2 I a2
1 a a2

V ag 1 1 1 V a 0 1 1 1 0.286
0.858
2
2
=
.
=
.
=
V bg 1 a a V a 1 1 a a 0.286
0 pu
2
2
0
V cg 1 a a V a 2 1 a a 0.286

For line to line fault

David Mubayiwa
12596724

I a1 =

Ea
1
th

Z +Z

2
th

1
= j 3.333 pu
j 0.15+ j0.15
I a 0=0 I a 2=I a 1= j3.33 pu

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
][ ] [ ]
[ ][][

Ia
1 1 1 I a0
1 1 1
0
0
2
I b = 1 a a I a 1 = 1 a2 a 3.33 = 5.77 pu
5.77
Ic
1 a a2 I a2
1 a a2 3.33

V a0
0
j 0.1
V a1 = 1 0
0
0
V a2

0
j0.15
0

I a0
0
0
0
I a 1 = 0.5005 pu
j 0.15 I a 2
0.4995

And

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ]

V ag 1 1 1
0
1
V bg = 1 a2 a 0.5005 = 0.5 pu
V cg 1 a a2 0.4995 0.5

In this experience, the fault analysis is analysed by PSCAD software in numerical analysis
applied to power system. PSCAD shows the waveforms for various levels of fault type in a
suggested bus and phase. Different fault type produce different waveforms.
Q1
The calculated results show that the most severe fault type is the single line to ground fault.
The current through phase A is j7.5pu, which is j19.69kA, comparing to other two types of
faults line to line fault and double line to ground fault.
Q2

David Mubayiwa
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If for single line to ground fault is j7.5pu.


If for line to line fault is j7.19pu.
If for double line to ground fault is j0.85pu.
Q3
I a1 =

Ea
Z TH (1)+ Z TH ( 0 ) Z TH ( 2 )

I a 0=

V a 0
Z TH ( 0 )

I a2 =

V a 2
Z TH (2 )

100
+ j0.12 = j0.1289
50

100
+ j 0.12 = j 0.132
50

Z TH ( 1 )=Z TH (1 ) Z 144= j 0.15 j0.4

Z TH ( 2 )=Z TH (1 ) Z244= j 0.15 j 0.45

Z TH ( 0 ) = j 0.07
V a 1=V a 2=V a 0=Ea I a1 Z TH ( 1 ) =0.259 pu

I a 1= j 5.7
I a 2= j2
I a 0= j3.71

Thus

[ ] [ ][ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ] [ ]

Ia
1 1 1 I a 0 1 1 1 j 3.71
0
2
2
I b = 1 a a I a 1 =1 a a j5.7 = 8.7 140.28 pu
8.7 39.72
Ic
1 a a 2 I a 2 1 a a2 j 2

V ag 1 1 1 V a 0 1 1 1 0.259
0.778
V bg = 1 a2 a . V a 1 = 1 a2 a . 0.259 = 0 pu
0
V cg 1 a a2 V a 2 1 a a2 0.259

David Mubayiwa
12596724

Conclusions
To conclude, the fault analysis is an important tool applied to power
system by comparing the voltage and current waveform when the
difference faults happened at difference bus. Students in this experiment
analyse the power flow and calculate fault by using PSCAD program, thus
this laboratory is successful.

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