AEC CADD Standard R4.0 PDF

ERDC/ITL TR-09-2
A/E/C CAD Standard

Release 4.0
for facilities, infrastructure, and environment
The CAD/BIM Technology Center
July 2009
The A/E/C CAD Standard is
compliant with Version 4.0 of the
U.S. National CAD Standard.
The A/E/C CAD Standard contains
supplemental materials and DoD
specific requirements not addressed
in the U.S. National CAD Standard.
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
ERDC/ITL TR-09-2
July 2009
A/E/C CAD Standard

Release 4.0
Prepared for
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center

Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199
Abstract
The A/E/C CAD Standard has been developed by the CAD/BIM Technology Center (Center) for Facilities,
Infrastructure, and Environment to eliminate redundant Computer-Aided Design (CAD) standardization efforts
within the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Federal Government. The manual is part of an initiative to
develop a nonproprietary CAD standard that incorporates existing industry, national, and international standards and
to develop data standards that address the entire life cycle of facilities within the DoD.
The CAD drafting standards addressed in the A/E/C CAD standard include presentation graphics, level/layer
assignments, electronic file naming, and standard symbology. The Center's primary goal is to develop a CAD
standard that is generic enough to operate under various CAD software packages (such as Bentley's MicroStation
and Autodesk's AutoCAD) and incorporate existing industry standards when possible.
DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes.
Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products.
All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not
to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.
Contents
Preface...................................................................................................... viii
Introduction.................................................................................................. viii
United States National CAD Standard...................................................... viii
1Introduction............................................................................................1
Acronyms.........................................................................................................1
Scope................................................................................................................2
Purpose ............................................................................................................2
Background......................................................................................................2
International System of Units (SI) Considerations ..........................................3
Future Technologies ........................................................................................3
Target Systems.................................................................................................4
Design Applications and Other Applications ..................................................4
Coordination with Design Agent .....................................................................4
Additions/Revisions.........................................................................................5
2Drawing File Organization ....................................................................6

Design Area .....................................................................................................6
Available drawing area..............................................................................6
File accuracy (units) ..................................................................................6
International Feet versus Survey Feet (V8)...............................................7
Origin (global origin) ................................................................................7
Model Files and Sheet Files.............................................................................8
Design Models and Sheet Models....................................................................8
Drawing Sheet Assembly.................................................................................9
Option 1a Use of Design Model and Sheet Model (1:1 border
sheet) ............................................................................................9
Option 1b Use of Design Model and Sheet Model (scaled-up
border sheet)...............................................................................10
Option 2 Use of Design Model only ....................................................10
Electronic Drawing File Naming Conventions..............................................10
Project Code ............................................................................................11
Model file naming convention ................................................................11
Sheet file naming convention ..................................................................17
Coordination Between Sheet File Name and Sheet Identifier .......................23
3Graphic Concepts.................................................................................24
iii
Presentation Graphics ....................................................................................24

Line widths..............................................................................................24
Line types/styles......................................................................................25
Line color ................................................................................................26
Screening.................................................................................................27
Plotting ....................................................................................................27
Text ................................................................................................................28
Text styles/fonts ......................................................................................28
Text height...............................................................................................31
General text placement ............................................................................31
Abbreviations ..........................................................................................31
Border Sheets.................................................................................................31
Sheet sizes ...............................................................................................31
Title block ...............................................................................................32
Real Estate Border Sheets..............................................................................35
Project map block....................................................................................36
Index map block ......................................................................................36
Drawing Scales ..............................................................................................36
Dimensioning.................................................................................................38
Dimensioning in Metric (SI)..........................................................................39
Millimeters ..............................................................................................39
Meters......................................................................................................40
Large units of measure ............................................................................40
Dual units ................................................................................................41
4Level/Layer Assignments ....................................................................42

Levels/Layers.................................................................................................42
Level/layer naming convention ...............................................................44
ISO format...............................................................................................45
Model Files ....................................................................................................45
Level/layer assignment tables .................................................................46
Border sheet model files..........................................................................48
Reference files (XREFs) .........................................................................48
Sheet Files......................................................................................................49
Level/layer assignment tables .................................................................49
Development of sheet files ......................................................................51
5Standard Symbology............................................................................52
Introduction....................................................................................................52
Electronic Version of the Symbology/Elements............................................52
Deliverables.............................................................................................52
Line styles ...............................................................................................52
Tabulated Version of the Symbology/Elements ............................................53
References..................................................................................................54
Appendix A: Model File Level/layer Assignment Tables .......................A1
Appendix B: Sheet File Level/layer Assignment Tables.........................B1
iv
Appendix C: Color Table Comparison ....................................................C1

Appendix D: A/E/C CAD Standard Symbology .....................................D1
SF 298
List of Figures
vi
Figure 2-1.
Sheet file composition .........................................................9
Figure 2-2.
Sheet file composition using Design Model and

Sheet Model .......................................................................10
Figure 2-3.
Sheet file composition using only the Design Model ........11
Figure 2-4.
Model file naming convention ...........................................12
Figure 2-5.
Sheet file naming convention ............................................18
Figure 2-6.
Typical border sheet title block with sheet

identification block ............................................................23
Figure 3-1.
Vertical title block .............................................................33
Figure 3-2.
Designer identification block.............................................34
Figure 3-3.
Issue block .........................................................................34
Figure 3-4.
Management block.............................................................34
Figure 3-5.
Project identification block/sheet title block .....................35
Figure 3-6.
Sheet identification block ..................................................35
Figure 3-7.
Project map block ..............................................................36
Figure 3-8.
Index map block.................................................................37
Figure 3-9.
Dimension in millimeters. Always shown as a

whole number.....................................................................40
Figure 3-10.
Dimension in meters. Always shown as a real

number (with decimal).......................................................40
Figure 3-11.
Proper dimension presentations for metric

measurements with four or fewer digits.............................41
Figure 3-12.
Proper dimension presentations for metric

measurements with five or more digits..............................41
Figure 4-1.
Typical levels/layers contained in a sheet file ...................42
Figure 4-2.
Sheet- and model-specific information..............................43
Figure 4-3.
Level/layer naming format.................................................44
Figure 4-4.
ISO 13567-2 level/layer naming method...........................45
Figure 4-5.
Model file level/layer assignment table .............................47
Figure 4-6.
Sheet file level/layer assignment table...............................50
List of Tables
Table 2-1 Discipline Designators ..............................................................13

Table 2-2 Model File Types.......................................................................13
Table 2-3 Discipline Designators with Level 2 Designators .....................19
Table 2-4 Sheet Type Designators.............................................................22
Table 3-1 Comparison of Line Widths ......................................................24
Table 3-2 Standard Line Types/Styles.......................................................26
Table 3-3 Screen Color Comparison .........................................................26
Table 3-4 Screened Colors.........................................................................27
Table 3-5 Comparison of Font Types ........................................................29
Table 3-6 ANSI, Architectural, and ISO Sheet Size Comparison .............32
Table 3-7 Typical Drawing Scales.............................................................37
Table 3-8 Inch-pound Text Sizes and Line Type Scales ...........................38
Table 3-9 Metric Text Sizes and Line Type Scales ...................................39
Table 4-1 Status (Phase) Codes .................................................................48
vii
Preface
Introduction
The A/E/C CAD Standard has been developed by the CAD/BIM
Technology Center (Center) for Facilities, Infrastructure, and
Environment to eliminate redundant Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
standardization efforts within the Department of Defense (DoD) and the
Federal Government. The manual is part of an initiative to develop a
nonproprietary CAD standard that incorporates existing industry, national,
and international standards and to develop data standards that address the
entire life cycle of facilities within the DoD.
The Center is located in the Information Technology Laboratory
(ITL), U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC),
Vicksburg, MS. The Director of ITL is Dr. Reed L. Mosher, and the
Deputy Director is Dr. Deborah F. Dent. At the time of publication of this
report, the Director of ERDC was Dr. James R. Houston, and the
Commander of ERDC was COL Gary E. Johnston.
United States National CAD Standard

In 1995, the combined resources of the Center, the American Institute
of Architects (AIA), the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI), the
United States Coast Guard, the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association (SMACNA), the General Services Administration (GSA), and the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS)
Facility Information Council began an effort to develop a single CAD
standard for the United States. Working together, these organizations
agreed to develop an integrated set of documents that collectively would
represent the United States National CAD Standard (NCS).
A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was signed on August 8,
1997. In accordance with that MOU, Release 4.0 of the A/E/C CAD
Standard follows, utilizes, or references the work developed by each of the
viii
signatories. The two main NCS documents referenced within Release 4.0
of the A/E/C CAD Standard are:
Uniform Drawing System

The Construction Specifications Institute
99 Canal Center Plaza, Suite 300
Alexandria, VA 22314-1588
AIA CAD Layer Guidelines

The American Institute of Architects
1735 New York Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20006-5292
Each of these documents is available as part of the NCS. Additional

information on the NCS, as well as how to purchase a copy, can be
obtained from
National Institute of Building Sciences
1090 Vermont Avenue NW, Suite 700
Washington, DC 20005-4905
http://www.buildingsmartalliance.org/ncs/
ix
Introduction
Acronyms
First, a few useful acronyms:
Chapter 1
A-E Architect-Engineer
A/E/C Architecture, Engineering, and Construction
AIA American Institute of Architects
ANSI American National Standards Institute
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BIM Building Information Modeling
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CSI Construction Specifications Institute
DoD Department of Defense
FM Facility Management
GIS Geographic Information System
IAI International Alliance for Interoperability
IFC Industry Foundation Class
ISO International Organization for Standardization
NCS United States National CAD Standard
NIBS National Institute of Building Sciences
Introduction
SI International System of Units (Le Systme International

dUnits)
UDS Uniform Drawing System
Scope
This manual provides guidance and procedures for preparing
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) products within the Department of
Defense (DoD).
Chapters 1-5 of this manual address topics such as presentation
graphics, level/layer assignments, electronic file naming, and standard
symbology. Appendices A-D contain tables on model and sheet file
level/layer names, color comparisons, as well as Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (A/E/C) CAD symbology.
Purpose
The purpose of this manual is to set a basic CAD standard to ensure
consistent electronic deliverables (products) within the DoD. These consistent deliverables are part of a comprehensive installation life-cycle
management strategy. This manual sets a CAD standard specifically for
the A/E/C disciplines of facilities development and civil works projects.
As this manual evolves, it will be integrated with other standards initiatives by the CAD/BIM Technology Center (Center) for Facilities, Infrastructure, and Environment such as Contract Language Guidelines and
Building Information Modeling (BIM).
Background
The immediate benefits of CAD standards are many:
Consistent CAD products for customers.
Uniform requirements for A-E deliverables.
Sharing of products and expertise.
Collection, manipulation, and exchange of database information.
Recognizing such potential benefits, each of the DoD agencies

independently initiated efforts to establish CAD standards in the late
1980s. In 1989 the Air Force Logistics Command released the
Chapter 1
Introduction
Architectural and Engineering Services for CADD Implementation

Within Air Force Logistics Command. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers, in 1990 published Engineer Manual 1110-1-1807,
Standards Manual for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Computer-Aided
Design and Drafting (CADD) Systems. In 1993, the Naval Facilities
Engineering Command distributed its Policy and Procedures for
Electronic Deliverables of Facilities Computer-Aided Design and Drafting
(CADD) Systems.
To consolidate these efforts into a single standard, the Center was
tasked to develop standards for the A/E/C disciplines. This manual presents the Centers effort at standardizing CAD requirements for A/E/C
design and construction documents.
International System of Units (SI) Considerations

For this standard manual, the impact of the SI, more commonly
referred to as the metric system, on such items as drawing scales, sheet
sizes, and dimensioning is addressed. The SI was established by the General Conference of Weights and Measures of 1960, and interpreted or
modified from time to time for the United States by the Secretary of
Commerce under the authority of Public Law 94-168, the Metric Conversion Act of 1975, and the Metric Education Act of 1978. As of January 1,
1992, in accordance with Public Laws 94-168 and 100-418, the Omnibus
Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, and Executive Order 12770,
Metric Usage in Federal Government Programs, July 25, 1991, all new
and revised construction standards and criteria must be developed using
the SI.
Future Technologies
There are several ongoing initiatives to create a universal language for
collaborative work in the area of building and construction software. This
work stems from the need to automate current building and construction
tasks to become more efficient and cost effective. One of these initiatives
is by the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), a nonprofit
building industry alliance comprising architects, engineers, contractors,
software vendors, government agencies, research laboratories, and universities. The goal of the IAI is to unite the A/E/C and Facility Management
(FM) businesses by specifying Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) as a
universal language. The concept behind the IFCs is to create a series of
standard intelligent software objects for the building industry that allow all
process disciplines (i.e., architects, designers, engineers, builders, facilities managers) to exchange information. The IAI is developing IFCs that
Chapter 1
Introduction
allow current software packages such as AutoCAD and MicroStation to

share building and construction data. IFCs would improve the quality of
the life cycle of a building from construction through maintenance (and
ultimately to demolition) through reduced expense and delivery time,
enhanced communications, and increased discipline proficiency.
Target Systems
This standard does not target any specific CAD system or software.
However, to ensure successful translations among CAD applications,
certain system-specific characteristics were considered and the standard
adjusted accordingly. During the preparation of the standard, several
baseline decisions were made:
The standard must be applicable to the latest release of commercially available CAD packages. AutoCAD and MicroStation were
chosen based on their prevalence in the DoD.
The standard is based on CAD applications that utilize layer/level

names and reference files.
The standard requires every final plotted drawing sheet to have its
own separate electronic drawing file.
Design Applications and Other Applications

Numerous design applications have been developed to run on top of
basic CAD engines. These applications can be used by designers to generate graphics inside CAD files. Most notable are design software packages for civil/site and BIM.
Document management systems that contain attributes or metadata for
individual files and have such features as title block integration are
becoming standard tools for management of electronic files. Use of these
systems to store searchable metadata for files is encouraged.
Coordination with Design Agent

With all the complexity and options currently available in the world of
CAD, it becomes important to coordinate fundamental aspects of design
work. The previously mentioned issues of basic platform, design
applications, and document management are only three of the issues that
can affect the success of a project and the future usefulness of the final
documents. As such, each project should have at its initiation discussions
4
Chapter 1
Introduction
and agreements on such issues as these. Each software package being used
should be approved and a determination made on how many of the supporting electronic files should be provided to the customer as a part of the
end product.
Additions/Revisions
This standard is intended to be neither static nor all-inclusive and thus
will be updated and enhanced as appropriate. Suggestions for improvements are strongly encouraged so that subsequent updates will reflect the
input and needs of CAD users.
Recommendations or suggested additions should be sent to:
The CAD/BIM Technology Center
ATTN: CEERD-IS-C/Spangler
3909 Halls Ferry Road
or by e-mail at: [email protected]
Chapter 1
Introduction
Drawing File Organization
Design Area
Available drawing area
The two most extensively used CAD applications within the DoD,
AutoCAD and MicroStation, both provide for a drawing area with nearly
infinite range in each positive and negative axis (x,y,z).
File accuracy (units)
CAD systems allow the designer to work in real-world units. The

most common units are feet:inches, feet:thousandths of feet, and
meters:millimeters.
MicroStations approach to file accuracy allows the user to set the
working units (i.e., real-world units) as the following:
Master Units = The largest unit that may be referred to when working in the design file (e.g., feet, meters)
Sub Units = Subdivisions of Master Units (e.g., inches,

millimeters)
Note: For MicroStation V8, changing the Master Units in a drawing no

longer changes the size of design file elements. For instance, if a design
file was created in feet and a 1-ft line is drawn, changing the Master Units
to inches results in the line measuring 12 in.
In AutoCAD, the basic drawing unit for any file is the distance
between two fixed Cartesian coordinates. For example, the distance
between coordinates (1,1,1) and (1,1,2) is one drawing unit. A drawing
unit can correspond to any measurement (e.g., foot, inch, meter, mile,
fathom). AutoCAD users may enter the Units display option to set the
desired drawing units.
Chapter 2
The Units command of AutoCAD does not have a direct metric system setup. For metric designs, the recommended procedure is to choose
the Decimal option in the Drawing Units dialog box. This will allow each
drawing unit to represent decimal meters, millimeters, and so forth, at the
discretion of the user.
International Feet versus Survey Feet (V8)
Many sites have to deal with the initial question as to whether a particular project is designed using International Feet or Survey Feet. In some
states, it is specified by statute that units of measure for grid coordinates
have to be either International Feet or Survey Feet. The two units are
defined as follows:
International Feet: 1 foot = 0.3048000 m
U.S. Survey Feet: 1 foot = 0.3048006 m
Looking at this comparison, the difference between the two

(0.0000006 m) may seem insignificant; however, ultimately this difference may cause coordinate values to be off by several feet, resulting in
inaccurate design files. In MicroStation V8, the units.def file does contain
a definition for Survey Feet (usually stored in
c:\ProgramFiles\Bentley\Workspace\ System\data), but it is disabled by
default. To enable, scroll down the units.def file to the section English
units (based on U.S. Survey Foot) and delete the # in front of #sf,ft,
which will allow for the selection of Survey Feet from the Working Units
box the next time MicroStation is started.
Note: If a drawing has already been created using International Feet,
changing the Master Units to Survey Feet will not automatically scale all
elements in the drawing to Survey Feet.
Origin (global origin)
Positioned within every electronic drawing file is an origin (global

origin in MicroStation and origin in AutoCAD). The origin of a drawing file is important because it serves as the point of reference from which
all other elements are located. Origins are typically defined in a drawing
file by the Cartesian coordinate system of x, y, and z.
The benefit of standardizing the location of the origin of a drawing is
most notable in the use of reference files (see section Reference Files
(XREFs) in Chapter 4). A standardized origin is also helpful when translating files between CAD applications. The recommended global origin
Chapter 2
for 2D files in both AutoCAD and MicroStation drawings is x = 0 and

y = 0. When 3D files are used, the z-origin should be set to allow for
elevations below 0.
Model Files and Sheet Files

Two distinct types of CAD files are addressed in this standard: model
files and sheet files.
A model file contains the physical components of a building (e.g., columns, walls, windows, ductwork, piping, etc.). Model files are drawn at
full scale and typically represent plans, elevations, sections, etc. Model
files can be generated either by placing graphics or from BIM model
extractions.
A sheet file is synonymous with a plotted CAD drawing file. A sheet
file is a selected view or portion of referenced model file(s) within a border sheet. The addition of sheet-specific information (e.g., text, dimensions, and symbols) completes the construction of the document. In other
words, a sheet file is a ready-to-plot CAD file.
Figure 2-1 illustrates how different model files are referenced to a
sheet file (notice that even the border sheet is a referenced model file).
Again, a sheet file is the combination of referenced model files with sheetspecific text/symbols to create a final ready-to-plot CAD file. A useful
rule of thumb was stated in the 2nd edition of the American Institute of
Architects (AIA) CAD Layer Guidelines (AIA 2005): Model files are
always referenced by other files, while sheet files are never referenced by
other files.
Design Models and Sheet Models

Inside each CAD file can exist Design Models (or Model Space for
AutoCAD users) and Sheet Models (or Paper Space for AutoCAD users).
Design Models are where model files are developed or possibly where
model files are assembled prior to creation of the Sheet Model (see the
following section Drawing Sheet Assembly). Design Models contain
graphic information in a model file format. For example, it may contain
the entire Architectural Floor Plan model file for a building. It is this
model file that is used as a reference for creating individual sheet files.
Chapter 2
Figure 2-1. Sheet file composition
By contrast, a Sheet Model shows the presentation of model file

graphics as they would appear on an individual drawing sheet. This
assembly area would contain referenced individual model files, one of
which would be a border sheet.
Drawing Sheet Assembly

Two main options for drawing sheet assembly may be used. Each
involves assembling individual model files and a border sheet model file
to create final plotted sheets. There are some differences as explained in
the following paragraphs. One similarity in all assembly options is that
nested referenced border sheet model files are not allowed. The option
used should be defined at the start of a project, and all files should be built
in the same manner.
Option 1a Use of Design Model and Sheet Model (1:1 border sheet)
This option consists of using a sheet file that contains a Design Model
and a Sheet Model. The Design Model is used to assemble all the
individual reference files necessary to display the graphics. This may
include references to individual views of Design Models in other files, or
even coincident references. The Design Model should also contain realworld graphics such as northing and easting coordinate values of points.
The Sheet Model contains a reference to the project border sheet model
file (at 1:1), plus a reference to the Design Model in the active sheet file,
scaled to fit into the Sheet Model (Figure 2-2).
Chapter 2
Figure 2-2. Sheet file composition using Design Model and Sheet Model
Option 1b Use of Design Model and Sheet Model (scaled-up border

sheet)
This option is almost exactly the same as Option 1a, with the
exception that the reference files assembled in the Design Model are kept
at 1:1 and the project border sheet model file is scaled up to fit around the
referenced Design Model files within the Sheet Model.
Option 2 Use of Design Model only
This option consists of using the Design Model only (the Sheet Model
(or Paper Space) is not used). This Design Model would have all model
files referenced to it, including the border sheet model file. Since all work
would be done in the Design Model, a determination should be made at
the start of any project using this option on whether to scale up the border
sheet model file to fit around the 1:1 model files, or scale down the model
files to fit inside the 1:1 border sheet model file (Figure 2-3). Whichever
method is chosen, it should be consistent throughout the project. (Note:
This option is slowly becoming a legacy option, with most sites using
Option 1a or 1b.)
Electronic Drawing File Naming Conventions

Naming conventions for electronic drawing files (both model files and
sheet files) allow CAD users to determine the contents of a drawing
without actually displaying the file. They also provide a convenient and
clear structure for organizing drawing files within project directories.
10
Chapter 2
Figure 2-3. Sheet file composition using only the Design Model
Project Code
The Model File naming convention and the Sheet File naming convention both allow for a 0- to 20-character Project Code at the beginning
of the file name. Use of a Project Code is recommended and should be
identified at the start of each project to ensure consistent file names within
that project. Some examples of Project Codes are:
The official agency project number
The project number defined by the agency system manager for

their record system
The use of Project Codes in file names is highly recommended,

because it prevents the same file name from existing in different directories. When this field is used, standard naming should consider use of a
special character such as an underscore _ for all model files so that
folder sorting routines group like files together.
When a project includes multiple sites or buildings, it is important to
identify each file with the appropriate feature. This should be done as a
part of the Project Code. For example, a model file for project P123,
building 2, could possibly use a Project Code of _P123-Bldg2.
Model file naming convention
The model file naming convention (Figure 2-4) has one optional field,
followed by three mandatory fields. While the first field is optional and
may be omitted, the remaining fields must be used and in the correct
sequence.
Chapter 2
11
Figure 2-4. Model file naming convention
Following the optional Project Code field, the first two-character field
represents the Discipline Designator. The allowable characters for the first
character in the Discipline Designator are listed in Table 2-1. The second
character of the Discipline Designator field is always a hyphen -. The
next two-character field represents the Model File Type (Table 2-2). The
final four-character field is User Definable.
Note: Several CAD Standards implementation packages use the file name
conventions to determine the type of file being created, so certain
character fields need to be located in the same position in every file name.
If not all of the User Definable characters are needed, placeholders must
be used for these implementation tools to function properly.
Example. The model file name for a project at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Building 8000, 1st floor,
Architectural Floor Plan could be:
ERDC8000A-FPF1XX.dgn/dwg
where ERDC8000 is the Project Code, A- is the Discipline Designator, FP
is the Model File Type (Floor Plan), and F1 is a user-definable set of characters for Floor 1. Since not all of the user-definable characters were used,
the characters XX were used as placeholders.
12
Chapter 2
Table 2-1
Discipline Designators
Discipline
Designator
General
Hazardous Materials
Survey/Mapping
Geotechnical
Civil
Landscape
Structural
Architectural
Interiors
Equipment
Fire Protection
Plumbing
Process
Mechanical
Electrical
Telecommunications
Resource
Other Disciplines
Contractor/Shop Drawings
Operations
Table 2-2
Model File Types
Discipline
Code
Definition
General
BS
Border Sheet
Hazardous Materials
Survey/Mapping
CS
Cover Sheet
KP
Key Plan
DT
Detail
EL*
Elevation
LG
Legend
PP
Pollution Prevention Plan
QP*
Equipment Plan
SC
Section
XD*
Existing/Demolition Plan
AL
Existing Airfield Lighting Plan
CP
Existing Communication System Plan
EU
Existing Electrical Utilities Plan
HP
Existing Hydrographic Survey and Mapping Plan
HT
Existing HTCW Utilities Plan
LG
Legend
PB
Property Boundary
PR
Existing Profile
SC
Existing Section
* = No Model File Table available in Appendix A
Chapter 2
(Continued)
13
Table 2-2 (Continued)

Discipline
Code
Definition
Survey/Mapping
SP
Survey and Mapping Plan
UP
Existing Utilities Plan
Geotechnical
Civil
Landscape
Structural
DT
Detail
JP
Joint Layout Plan
LB
Boring Log
LG
Legend
PV
Pavement Site Plan
SC
Section
SH*
Schedule
SI
Subsurface Investigation Plan
AF
Airfield Plan
BR
Beach Renourishment Plan
DT
Detail
EL
Elevation
ER
Eco-Restoration Plan
FC
Flood Control Plan
GP
Grading Plan
IP*
Installation Plan/Base Map
JP
Joint Layout Plan
KP*
Staking Plan
LG
Legend
NG
Navigation/Dredging Plan
PL*
Project Location Map
PR
Profile
SC
Section
SH*
Schedule
SP
Site Plan
TS
Transportation Site Plan
UP
Utilities Plan
XD*
DT
Detail
EL*
Elevation
IP
Irrigation Plan
LG
Legend
LP
Landscape Plan
SC*
Section
SH*
Schedule
XD*
3D
Isometric/3D
BP
Bridge Plan
CP
Column Plan
CW
Misc. Small Civil Works Structures
DT
Detail
EL
Elevation
EP
Enlarged Plan
FC
Flood Control Structures
14
(Continued)
Chapter 2

Discipline
Code
Definition
Structural
FP
Framing Plan
LD
Locks and Dams
Architectural
Interiors
Fire Protection
Plumbing
LG
Legend
NP
Foundation Plan
SC
Section
SH
Schedule
XD*
3D*
Isometric/3D
AC
Area Calculations/Occupancy Plan
CP
Reflected Ceiling Plan
DT
Detail
EL
Elevation
EP*
Enlarged Plan
FP
Floor Plan
LG
Legend
QP
Equipment Plan
RP
Roof Plan
SC
Section
SH*
Schedule
XD*
3D*
Isometric/3D
DT
Detail
EL
Elevation
EP*
Enlarged Plan
FL
Floor Patterns
LG
Legend
QP*
Equipment Plan
RP
Furniture Plan
SC*
Section
SH*
Schedule
SP
Signage Placement Plan
WP
System Furniture Plan
XD*
3D*
Isometric/3D
DG*
Diagram
DT
Detail
FA
Fire Alarm/Detection Plan
FP
Fire Suppression Plan
LG
Legend
LP
Life Safety Plan
SH*
Schedule
XD*
3D*
Isometric/3D
DG
Diagram
DT
Detail
Chapter 2
(Continued)
15
Table 2-2 (Concluded)

Discipline
Code
Definition
Plumbing
EL*
Elevation
EP*
Enlarged Plan
Mechanical
Electrical
Telecommunications
LG
Legend
PP
Piping Plan
SH*
Schedule
XD*
3D*
Isometric/3D
DG
Diagram
DT
Detail
EL
Elevation
EP*
Enlarged Plan
HP
HVAC Plan
HS
Hydraulic Systems
HT
HTCW Utilities Plan
LG
Legend
MD
Machine Design Plan
MH
Material Handling Plan
QP*
Equipment Plan
SC
Section
SH*
Schedule
SP
Specialty Piping and Equipment Plan
XD*
AL
Airfield Lighting Plan
AP*
Auxiliary Power Plan
CP
Exterior Communication Systems Plan
DG
Diagram
DT
Detail
EU
Electrical Utilities Plan
GP
Grounding System Plan
LG
Legend
LP
Lighting Plan
PP
Power Plan
SH*
Schedule
SS
Special Systems Plan
XD*
DG
Diagram
DT
Detail
LG
Legend
SH*
Schedule
TP
Telephone/Data Plan
XD*
16
Chapter 2
Existing/Demolition model file naming. There are instances when a

facility is being renovated and the as-built designs need to be revised to
show demolition and new items. These revisions would not be made on
existing as-built model files, but on copies to ensure the original as-builts
are not modified.
A model file type, Existing/Demolition (XD), has been added to the
standard to allow users to make revisions to as-built files. This model file
type is used to aid users in separating existing-to-remain items from items
that will be demolished.
Example. An architect has an existing as-built floor plan model file
for Building 1000, 2nd floor. For the current project, walls will be demolished and new walls constructed on the 2nd floor. First, a copy would be
made of the original as-built file (B1000A-FPF2XX.dgn/dwg) , and the
copy would be named B1000RENA-XDF2XX.dgn/dwg (B1000REN is
the Project Code, A- is the Discipline Designator, XD is the Model File
Type (Existing/Demolition Plan), and F2XX are user-definable characters
(F2=Floor 2)). The architect would open this file and move all demolition
items to demolition levels/layers (see Chapter 4, Status (phase)
levels/layers). When the new items in the Floor Plan are drawn, the
architect would open a new model file called something like
B1000RENA-FPF2XX.dgn/dwg (B1000REN is the Project Code, A- is
the Discipline Designator, FP is the Model File Type (Floor Plan), and
F2XX are user-definable characters (F2=Floor 2)). The file
B1000RENA-XDF2XX.dgn/dwg
would be referenced in with the demolition levels/layers turned off. The
architect would then use the Floor Plan active levels/layers to construct
the new items for that project.
Sheet file naming convention
The sheet file naming convention (Figure 2-5) has one optional field
for the Project Code, followed by four mandatory fields. Similar to the
format for model file naming, all mandatory fields must be used and in the
correct sequence.
The first field is entirely optional and can be used for a 0- to 20character Project Code (see Model file naming convention). The next
two characters are the Discipline Designator with Level 2 Designator
(Table 2-3). The next character is the Sheet Type Designator (Table 2-4)
followed by a two-character Sheet Sequence Number (01-99).
Chapter 2
17
Figure 2-5. Sheet file naming convention
The remaining three characters are user-definable.

Note: If the sheet sequence number goes above 99 sheets for a particular
discipline, the first character in the User Definable field could be used to
expand the limit of sheets per discipline to 999. However, if more than 99
sheets are required for one disciplines drawings, the user might want to
consider using the Level 2 Designator in the Discipline Designator to
further subdivide the discipline (Table 2-3).
Note: Occasionally, more than one Sheet Type (e.g., plan, elevation,
detail) will be represented in one sheet file. If this is the case, the dominant Sheet Type determines the Sheet Type Designator.
For example, the sheet file name for a project at ERDC, Building
8000, 1st floor, Quadrant B, Architectural Floor Plan, sheet sequence 02
could be:
ERDC8000A-102F1B.dgn/dwg
where ERDC8000 is the Project Code, A- is the Discipline Designator, 1
is the Sheet Type Designator (Plan), 02 is the Sheet Sequence Number,
and F1B is a user-definable set of characters for Floor 1, Quadrant B.
18
Chapter 2
Table 2-3
Discipline Designators with Level 2 Designators
Discipline
Designator Description
Content
General
G-
All General
All or any portion of subjects in the following Level 2

Designators
GI
General Information
Drawing index, code summary, symbol legend, orientation maps
GC
General Contract
Phasing, schedules, contractor staging areas, fencing, haul

routes, erosion control, temporary and special requirements
GR
General Resource
Photographs, soil borings
H-
All Hazardous Materials

Designators
HA
Asbestos
Asbestos abatement, identification, or containment
HC
Chemicals
Toxic chemicals handling, removal or storage
HL
Lead
Lead piping or paint removal
HP
PCB
PCB containment and removal
HR
Refrigerants
Ozone depleting refrigerants
V-
All Survey/Mapping

Designators
VA
Aerial Survey
Aerial-surveyed points and features
VF
Field Survey
Field-surveyed points and features
VH*
Hydrographic Survey
VI
Digital Survey
VU
Combined Utilities
Geotechnical
B-
All Geotechnical

Designators
Civil
C-
All Civil

Designators
CB*
Civil Beach
Renourishment
Beach Disposal and Renourishment
CD
Civil Demolition
Structure removal and site clearing
CE*
Civil Ecosystem
Restoration
Environmental restoration
CF*
Civil Flood Control
Levees, spillways, pump stations
CG
Civil Grading
Excavation, grading, drainage, erosion control, retention ponds
CI
Civil Improvements
Pavers, flagstone, exterior tile, furnishings, retaining walls, and

water features
CN*
Civil Navigation
Navigation, harbors, dredging
CO*
Civil Operation and

Maintenance
Repair and upgrade to O&M structures
CP
Civil Paving
Roads, driveways, parking lots
CH*
Civil Shore Protection
Erosion protection structures on shoreline
CR*
Civil Recreation
Recreation facilities
CS
Civil Site
Plats, topographic, dimension control
CX*
Civil Security
Security-related work
CT
Civil Transportation
Waterways, wharves, docks, trams, railways, airfields, and

people movers
CU
Civil Utilities
Water, sanitary sewer, storm sewer, power, communications,

natural gas, and steam systems
Hazardous Materials
Survey/Mapping
* = Not in NCS 4.0
Chapter 2
Digitized points and features
(Continued)
19

Discipline
Content
Landscape
L-
All Landscape

Designators
LD
Landscape Demolition
Protection and removal of existing landscape
LG
Landscape Grading
Proposed contours and spot grades
LI
Landscape Irrigation
Mainlines, valves, controllers, pumps, etc.
LL
Landscape Lighting
LP
Landscape Planting
Landscape planting
LR
Landscape Relocation
Vegetation relocation information
LS
Landscape Site
All site hardscape and callouts
S-
All Structural

Designators
SD
Structural Demolition
Protection and removal
SS
Structural Site
SB
Structural Substructure
SF
Structural Framing
Floors and roofs
SR*
Structural Reinforcement
Concrete reinforcement and anchors
ST*
Superstructure
Walls, decks, abutments, gates, and weirs
SC*
Structural Components
Gates, armor, bulkheads, and railings
A-
All Architectural

Designators
AS
Architectural Site
Structural
Architectural
Interiors
Equipment
Foundations, piers, slabs, and retaining walls
AD
Architectural Demolition
Protection and removal
AE
Architectural Elements
General architectural
AI
Architectural Interiors
AF
Architectural Finishes
AG
Architectural Graphics
I-
All Interiors
ID
Interior Demolition
IN
Interior Design
IF
Interior Furnishings
IG
Interior Graphics
Murals and visuals
Q-
All Equipment

Designators
QA
Athletic Equipment
Gymnasium, exercise, aquatic, and recreational
QB
Bank Equipment
Vaults, teller units, ATMs, drive-through
QC
Dry Cleaning Equipment
Washers, dryers, ironing, and dry cleaning

Designators
QD
Detention Equipment
Prisons and jails
QE
Educational Equipment
Chalkboards, library
QF
Food Service Equipment
Kitchen, bar, service, storage, and processing
QH
Hospital Equipment
Medical, exam, and treatment
QL
Laboratory Equipment
Science labs, planetariums, observatories
QM
Maintenance Equipment
Housekeeping, window washing, and vehicle servicing
QP
Parking Lot Equipment
Gates, ticket, and card access
QR
Retail Equipment
Display, vending, and cash register
QS
Site Equipment
Bicycle racks, benches, playgrounds
QT
Theatrical Equipment
Stage, movie, rigging systems
* = Not in NCS 4.0
20
(Continued)
Chapter 2

Discipline
Content
Equipment
QV
Video/Photographic
Equipment
Television, darkroom, and studio
QY
Security Equipment
Access control and monitoring, surveillance
F-
All Fire Protection

Designators
Fire Protection
Plumbing
Process
Mechanical
Electrical
FA
Fire Detection and Alarm
FX
Fire Suppression
Fire extinguishing systems and equipment
P-
All Plumbing

Designators
PS
Plumbing Site
Extensions and connections to Civil Utilities
PD
Plumbing Demolition
Protection, termination, and removal
PP
Plumbing Piping
Piping, valves, and insulation
PQ
Plumbing Equipment
Pumps and tanks
PL
Plumbing
Domestic water, sanitary and storm drainage, fixtures
D-
All Process

Designators
DS
Process Site
Extension and connection to civil utilities
DD
Process Demolition
DL
Process Liquids
Liquid process systems
DG
Process Gases
Gaseous process systems
DP
Process Piping
Piping, valves, insulation, tanks, pumps, etc.
DQ
Process Equipment
Systems and equipment for thermal, electrical, materials handling, assembly and manufacturing, nuclear, power generation,
chemical, refrigeration, and industrial processes
DE
Process Electrical
Electrical exclusively associated with a process and not the

facility
DI
Process Instrumentation
Instrumentation, measurement, recorders, devices and controllers (electrical and mechanical)
M-
All Mechanical

Designators
MS
Mechanical Site
Utility tunnels and piping between facilities
MD
Mechanical Demolition
MH
Mechanical HVAC
Ductwork, air devices, and equipment
MP
Mechanical Piping
Chilled and heating water, steam
MI
Mechanical
Instrumentation
Instrumentation and controls
MY*
Mechanical Hydraulic
Systems
Pump stations, spillways, slide gates
E-
All Electrical

Designators
EA*
Electrical Airfield Lighting

and Navaids
Visual air navigation systems
ES
Electrical Site
Exterior electrical systems (power, lighting, auxiliary)
EC*
Electrical Cathodic
Protection
Cathodic protection systems
EG*
Electrical Grounding
Grounding, lightning protection devices
ED
Electrical Demolition
EP
Electrical Interior Power
Interior power
EL
Electrical Interior Lighting
Interior lighting
* = Not in NCS 4.0
Chapter 2
(Continued)
21
Table 2-3 (Concluded)

Discipline
Content
Electrical
EI
Electrical Instrumentation
Controls, relays, instrumentation, and measurement devices
EY
Electrical Interior Auxiliary Alarms, nurse call, security, CCTV, PA, music, clock, and
Systems
program
ET
Electrical
Telecommunications
Telephone, network, voice, and data cables
T-
All Telecommunications

Designators
TD*
Telecommunications
Demolition
TA
Audio Visual
Cable, music, and CCTV systems
TC
Clock and Program
Time generators and bell program systems
TI
Intercom
Intercom and public address systems
TM
Monitoring
Monitoring and alarm systems
TN
Data Networks
Network cabling and equipment
TS*
SCADA
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems

and equipment
Telephone systems, wiring, and equipment
Telecommunications
Resource
TT
Telephone
TY
Security
Access control and alarm systems
R-
All Resource

Designators
RC
Resource Civil
Surveyor's information and existing civil drawings
RS
Resource Structural
Existing facility structural drawings
RA
Resource Architectural
Existing facility architectural drawings
RM
Resource Mechanical
Existing facility mechanical drawings
RE
Resource Electrical
Existing facility electrical drawings
Other Disciplines
Contractor/Shop
Drawings
Operations
* = Not in NCS 4.0
Table 2-4
Sheet Type Designators
22
Sheet Type
Designator
General (symbols legend, notes, etc.)

Plans (horizontal views)
Elevations (vertical views)
Sections (sectional views)
Large-Scale Views (plans, elevations, or sections that are not details)
Details
Schedules and Diagrams
User Defined
User Defined
3D Representations (isometrics, perspectives, photographs)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Chapter 2
Coordination Between Sheet File Name and Sheet

Identifier
In assigning a sheet identifier (for use in the sheet identification block,
reference bubbles, etc.), the user should coordinate with the name
assigned to the electronic sheet file. The sheet identifier should consist of
the discipline designator, sheet type designator, and the sheet sequence
number (Figure 2-6).
Figure 2-6. Typical border sheet title block with sheet identification block
As far as the sequence of the discipline designators in a drawing set,

the NCS mandates that the disciplines follow the order as shown in
Table 2-1.
Chapter 2
23
Graphic Concepts
Presentation Graphics
The first step in establishing an effective CAD standard is the development of a uniform approach to presentation graphics. Presentation
graphics typically consist of drawing elements such as lines, arcs, shapes,
text, and their attributes (line color, line width, and line style). This chapter presents brief overviews of the characteristics of presentation graphics
and the philosophy used to standardize them.
Line widths
Although monotone line work is not contractually improper, varied

line widths substantially improve readability. Most commercial CAD
systems provide an extensive variety of line widths. However, for the
majority of A/E/C drawings, the eight line widths defined in Table 3-1 are
considered sufficient and should not be expanded unless an appreciable
improvement in drawing clarity or contrast can be realized. Table 3-1
shows information about the various allowed line widths.
Table 3-1
Comparison of Line Widths
Line
Thickness
mm
Fine
0.18 0.007 wt = 0
Patterning
Thin
0.25 0.010 wt = 1
Dimension lines, dimension leader/witness lines, note leader lines, long break
lines, schedule grid lines, and objects seen at a distance
in.
MicroStation Line
Weight
Typical Use
Medium
0.35 0.014 wt = 2
Minor object lines
Wide
0.50 0.020 wt = 3
Major object lines, cut lines, section cutting plane lines, and titles
Extra Wide
0.70 0.028 wt = 5
Minor title underlining, match lines, schedule outlines, large titles, and object
lines requiring special emphasis
XX Wide
1.00 0.040 wt = 7
Major title underlining and separating portions of drawings
XXX Wide
1.40 0.055 wt = 10
Border sheet outlines and cover sheet line work
XXXX Wide
2.00 0.079 wt = 15
Border sheet outlines and cover sheet line work
24
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
Fine (0.18 mm). Fine lines should be used sparingly, mostly for
hatching/patterning (this line thickness typically does not reproduce
well in blue-line format and/or in photocopies).
Thin (0.25 mm). Thin lines should be used for depicting dimension
lines, dimension leader/witness lines, note leader lines, line terminators (arrowheads, dots, slashes), phantom lines, hidden lines, center
lines, long break lines, schedule grid lines, and object lines seen at a
distance.
Medium (0.35 mm). Medium lines should be used for depicting most
object lines, text (dimensions, notes/callouts, and schedule), and
schedule grid accent lines.
Wide (0.50 mm). Wide lines should be used for major object lines, cut
lines, section cutting plane lines, and titles.
Extra wide (0.70 mm). Extra-wide lines should be used for minor title
underlining, schedule outlines, large titles, and object lines requiring
special emphasis. For very large scale details drawn at 3 in. = 1 ft-0 in.
or larger, the extra-wide width should be used for the object lines.
Extra-wide widths are also appropriate for use as an elevation grade
line, building footprint, or top of grade lines on section/foundation
details.
XX Wide (1.00 mm). This line weight should be used for major title
underlining and separating portions of drawings.
XXX Wide (1.40 mm). This line weight should be used for border
sheet outlines and cover sheet line work.
XXXX Wide (2.00 mm). This line weight should be used for border
sheet outlines and cover sheet line work.
Line types/styles
The predominant line types/styles used in this standard are listed in

Table 3-2. The Center has created line style files for MicroStation and
AutoCAD (called tsaec.rsc and tsaec.lin, respectively), which include the
line styles in Table 3-2, as well as additional discipline custom line styles
(see Appendix D). These files are available on the Centers Web site at
https://cadbim.usace.army.mil/cad.
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
25
Table 3-2
Standard Line Types/Styles
ID Description
MicroStation Designator
AutoCAD Designator
Continuous
Continuous
Dotted
Dot
Dashed
Hidden
Dashed spaced
Dashed
Dashed dotted
Dashdot
Dashed double-dotted
Divide2
Chain
Center
Example
Line color
The primary reason to use color in CAD drawings is to improve the

clarity of the drawing on a computer monitor. The variety of colors available in a CAD application depends on the capabilities of the computer
monitor and its video card. Today, most systems are capable of displaying
up to 16.8 million colors. For consistency, this manual recommends that
all A/E/C drawings be created using the basic colors presented in
Table 3-3 whenever possible.
Note: The recommended colors are best viewed on a monitor with a black
background.
Appendix C contains a 256-color map for the AutoCAD and MicroStation color palettes. The table maps AutoCADs default color palette to
MicroStations default color palette. The color table is provided for those
users who require more colors than the eight shown in Table 3-3.
Table 3-3
Screen Color Comparison
Color Number
Ratios of RGB
Color
AutoCAD
MicroStation
Red
Green
Blue
Blue
255
Gray
128
128
128
Green
255
Red
255
Yellow
255
255
Magenta
255
255
Cyan
255
255
White
255
255
255
Note: Color numbers for AutoCAD and MicroStation were taken from default color tables.
26
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
Screening
Screened images are created through a process in which the density

and pattern of black and white dots are varied to simulate different shades
of gray. Varying the intensity of gray scales allows users to distinguish
different aspects of a drawing when it is plotted. For example, an area on a
site designated for demolition can be assigned a color that has been
assigned a screening percentage. When plotted, the area will be shown at a
lighter shade compared with other elements in the drawing. This will
allow the contractor to immediately identify the demolition area on the
drawing.
Table 3-4 lists colors recommended to be used for screening along
with a recommended screening percentage. Optionally, when variations in
screening are not important, a single screening can be applied to all
screened graphics.
Table 3-4
Screened Colors
AutoCAD
MicroStation
Screen percent
Gray Scale Ratios (RGB)
Color No.
Screen percent
Color No.
Red
Green
Blue
250
60
60
102
102
102
251
50
200
50
128
128
128
252
40
168
40
153
153
153
253
30
120
30
179
179
179
254
20
56
20
204
204
204
Plotting
Printers and plotters are controlled by files called pen tables or feature
tables. These files (tables) convert thicknesses and/or color in an electronic file to line thicknesses on a paper drawing.
This manual standardizes presentation graphics as they relate to electronic drawing files (screen display) and not the final printed or plotted
paper drawing. By employing pen tables, each agency can ensure that consistent drawings are produced from an electronic file regardless of the type
of printer or plotter used. It is the responsibility of each field activity to
develop pen tables based on the printer/plotter used at that activity.
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
27
Text
Text styles/fonts
Each of the two major CAD platforms contains sets of fonts that have
been designed for use in CAD drawing presentation. MicroStation has
various fonts stored in font resource files, with each resource file capable
of containing multiple fonts. AutoCAD has individual fonts as shape files.
In addition, each platform has the ability to support True Type fonts that
are installed on the individual computer. Each application also has the
ability to create additional fonts for its use. Since projects designed in
CAD are planned for use many years into the future and files will be used
by many different individuals, use of any nonstandard font is not
recommended. This includes fonts for symbology, logos, business titles,
etc.
There is not a direct relationship between MicroStation resource files
and AutoCAD shape files. Therefore it is important that font use be
reviewed at the start of a project and decisions made on fonts that are then
used consistently throughout the project by all disciplines. If a project is to
be exchanged between CAD platforms either because individual offices
require different CAD applications, or because the end user requires a
specific software format, a general guideline would be to use True Type
fonts. This would allow direct translations between the applications. If a
project is to be designed in a single CAD application and there is no
likelihood that there will be a need to translate it to a different CAD
platform, then the native CAD application fonts could be used.
Contrasting text styles (or fonts) are used within a drawing to delineate
types of information. In most A/E/C drawings, the fonts shown in
Table 3-5 should be sufficient.
28
Monotext font. This font creates text characters that are evenly spaced.
Monotext font should be used where text fields need to be aligned
such as in schedules or, in some cases, title blocks.
Proportional font. This font creates text where the characters are
proportionally spaced. It is appropriate for general notes, labels, or
title blocks.
Slanted font. A slanted font is used where text needs to be easily

distinguished from other text.
Filled font. Filled fonts are used primarily for titles and on cover
sheets.
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
Chapter 3
Symbology font. This font should be used in cases where Greek symbols are representations for technical information.
Graphic Concepts
29
30
Table 3-5
Comparison of Font Types
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
Text height
The NCS recommends that the minimum text height for plotted CAD
files is 3/32 in. (2.4 mm). However, to maintain legibility in half-size
drawings, most sites go no lower than 1/8 in. (3 mm) in text height for
dimensions, notes, callouts, table/schedule text, and general text on full
size drawings. Subtitles and titles shall be plotted equivalent to 3/16 in. (5
mm) and 1/4 in. (6 mm) lettering size, respectively. The text height and
text width shall be assigned equal number values. Line spacing shall be
equal to one half of the text height.
General text placement
Text shall never be placed over other text. Text shall not be placed
over feature lines, hatching or patterning. If text is placed in a hatched or
patterned area, the hatching/patterning shall be clipped so the text can be
clearly read.
Text justification depends upon the type of text being placed. For
example, general numbered notes shall have upper left justification,
elevation labels appearing to the left of a feature shall have bottom right
justification, and elevation labels appearing to the right of a feature shall
have bottom left justification. (Note: In MicroStation, text shall be
placed using text nodes when more than one line of text is placed. Text
node justification shall be set so that moving the node will not be required
or will be minimal should the text require future editing.)
Abbreviations
Abbreviations for words or phrases frequently used in plans, sections,

elevations, or details should follow the abbreviations as established in the
NCS (UDS Module 5 Terms and Abbreviations). When possible, the use
of abbreviations should be kept to a minimum. Other abbreviations,
particularly discipline-unique abbreviations, may be used but must not
conflict with those established in the NCS.
Border Sheets
Sheet sizes
Typical A/E/C projects (contract documents) will be prepared on

ANSI D sheets (ANSI E may be used for large maps (i.e., installation
master plans and drawings for civil works projects)). For international
projects, ISO A1 sheets are to be used (ISO A0 may be used for large
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
31
maps). Other industry standard sizes may be used depending on specific

customer requirements. Table 3-6 lists the standard sizes of all sheets.
Table 3-6
ANSI, Architectural, and ISO Sheet Size Comparison
ANSI
Mark
Architectural
Size in inches
Mark
ISO
Size in inches
Mark
Size in inches (mm)
28.0 x 40.0
30.0 x 42.0
NA
NA
34.0 x 44.0
36.0 x 48.0
A0
33.1 x 46.8 (841 x 1189 mm)
22.0 x 34.0
24.0 x 36.0
A1
23.4 x 33.1 (594 x 841 mm)
17.0 x 22.0
18.0 x 24.0
A2
16.5 x 23.4 (420 x 594 mm)
11.0 x 17.0
12.0 x 18.0
A3
11.7 x 16.5 (297 x 420 mm)
8.5 x 11.0
9.0 x 12.0
A4
8.3 x 11.7 (210 x 297 mm)
To develop the graphics for the sheet border, the following guidelines
are to be used:
Top and bottom margin: 3/4 in. (20 mm)
Left margin: 1-1/2 in. (40 mm)
Right margin: 3/4 in. (20 mm)
Title block
The Center recommends the use of a vertical title block placed in the
right-hand margin of the border sheet as shown in Figure 3-1. Use of the
vertical title block provides the most usable drawing space on a sheet. The
vertical title block also ensures that the most prevalent and pertinent
information remains at the bottom right of the sheet. In compliance with
the NCS (UDS Module 2Sheet Organization), title block data will
include the following:
Designer identification block
Issue block
Management block
Project identification block/sheet title block
Sheet identification block
Note: Local standards may modify the content of the title block but should
not alter its size or configuration if possible. See the NCS for additional
recommendations.
Designer identification block. The designer identification block (Figure 3-2) contains the logo or name of the agency that designed the sheet.
32
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
This space could also be expanded by reducing the size of the issue block
to accommodate professional seals when required.
Figure 3-1. Vertical title block
Issue block. The issue block (Figure 3-3) contains a history of revisions, addenda, and/or clarifications to the sheet. The first entry should be
placed on the lower left-hand line of the issue block and subsequent
entries should be made above it.
Management block. The management block (Figure 3-4) contains
information about the designer, reviewer, and submitter. This block can
also be used to maintain filing information about the drawing, such as the
file name, plot scale, and drawing code (this information is sometimes
plotted outside the drawing sheet cut line). If an A-E has developed the
drawings, there is room for information about the firm in the lower left
portion of the block.
The management block can also contain authorization block information. This is typically where the principals of the design agent would sign
drawings, either for a whole project or by individual disciplines. Also,
sometimes a disclaimer is included stating whether the project was
designed by a Government agency or through a contract with a Government agency.
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
33
Figure 3-2. Designer identification block
Figure 3-3. Issue block
Figure 3-4. Management block
Project identification block/sheet title block. The project identification block/sheet title block (Figure 3-5) contains two sets of information.
First, the project name is identified, possibly with the location or phase of
the project identified. If small enough, a project logo can be presented in
34
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
this block. The second set of information contains a description of the

content of the sheet (e.g., Architectural Floor Plan). If more than one type
of information is presented on the sheet (i.e., plans, schedules, details), the
most important information is identified.
Figure 3-5. Project identification block/sheet title block
Sheet identification block.

The sheet identification block
(Figure 3-6) contains the sheet
identifier. This sheet identifier is
composed of the discipline
designator, the sheet type
designator, and the sheet
sequence number described in the
section, Electronic Drawing File
Naming Conventions
(Chapter 2). The number of
sheets listing is optional and can
contain either the total number of
Figure 3-6. Sheet identification block
sheets for the entire project
drawing set or the number of
sheets for that particular discipline designator.
Real Estate Border Sheets

A Real Estate border sheet is basically the same as border sheets
described on the preceding pages. Real Estate contract documents are
typically prepared on ANSI E size sheets. Because of the nature of
information required for Real Estate, two additional information blocks
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
35
are required (See the upcoming Real

Estate Engineer Regulation 405-1-3 for
more information):
Project map block
Index map block
Project map block
The project map block (Figure 3-7)

contains detailed information about the
project. In-depth information about the
project location, transportation facilities
available, audited acquisitions, and
disposal data may be included as part of
this block.
Index map block
The index map block (Figure 3-8)

contains additional signatures not found
in the designer identification block (e.g.,
Chief of Real Estate Division, Chief of
Cadastral Section, etc.). Also, a specific
Real Estate drawing number may be
included in this block.
Drawing Scales
Typical drawing scales for both inchpound and SI measurements are
indicated in Table 3-7. Table 3-8 lists
recommended text sizes for common
inch-pound scales, as well as line type
scale factors for those scales. Table 3-9
lists recommended text sizes for common
metric scales. (Note: The scales shown
are not all-inclusive. Scales used should
be limited to those commonly found on
hand-held architectural, mechanical, and
engineering scales.)
Figure 3-7. Project map block
36
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
Figure 3-8. Index map block
Table 3-7
Typical Drawing Scales
Drawing Type
Inch-Pound
Metric
Site Plans
1" = 20'
1:200
1" = 30'
1:400
1" = 40'
1:500
1" = 50'
1:600
1" = 60'
1:700
1" = 100'
1:1000
1" = 200'
1:2000
1" = 400'
1:5000
Floor Plan
Roof Plan
Exterior Elevations
Interior Elevations
Cross Sections
Chapter 3
1" = 500'
1:6000
1" = 1000'
1:10000
1" = 2000'
1:20000
1/4" = 1' - 0"
1:50
1/8" = 1' - 0"
1:100
1/16" = 1' - 0"
1:200
1/16" = 1' - 0"
1:200
1/8" = 1' - 0"
1:100
1/16" = 1' - 0"
1:200
1/4" = 1' - 0"
1:50
1/8" = 1' - 0"
1:100
1/4" = 1' - 0"
1:50
1/8" = 1' - 0"
1:100
1/16" = 1' - 0"
1:200
Wall Sections
1/2" or 3/4" = 1' - 0"
1:20
Stair Details
1" or 1-1/2" = 1' - 0"
1:10
Details
3" = 1' - 0"
1:5
1" or 1-1/2" = 1' - 0"
1:10
Graphic Concepts
37
Table 3-8
Inch-pound Text Sizes and Line Type Scales
Scale
Text Size
Line Type Scale
12" = 1' - 0" or Full Size
0.125"
6 = 1-0
0.25
3" = 1' - 0"
0.50"
1-1/2" = 1' - 0"
1"
1" = 1' - 0"
1.5"
12
3/4" = 1' - 0"
2"
16
1/2" = 1' - 0"
3"
24
3/8" = 1' - 0"
4"
32
1/4" = 1' - 0"
6"
48
3/16" = 1' - 0"
8"
64
1/8" = 1' - 0"
12"
96
3/32" = 1' - 0"
16"
128
1/16" = 1' - 0"
24"
192
1/32" = 1' - 0"
48"
384
1" = 5'
7.5"
60
1" = 10'
1.25
120
1" = 20'
2.5
240
1" = 30'
3.75
360
1" = 40'
480
1" = 50'
6.25
600
1" = 60'
7.5
720
1" = 100'
12.5
1200
1" = 200'
25
2400
1" = 400'
50
4800
1" = 500'
62.5
6000
1" = 1000'
125
12000
1" = 2000'
250
24000
Dimensioning
As far as the appearance of dimensions, the NCS is very specific.
Dimension text heights should match the size of the text in the rest of the
drawing (i.e., notes and callouts) and the location of the dimension text
should be at the midpoint and top of the dimension line (where possible).
Dimension lines should be offset a minimum of 9/16 in. (14.5 mm) and
extension lines should be offset a minimum of 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) from the
element being dimensioned. Slashes or filled arrowheads are allowed by
the NCS for dimension terminators. Filled arrowhead terminators should
have an arrowhead width of 1.5 * TH (TH = dimension text height) and a
height of 0.5 * TH. This achieves the NCS requirement of 3:1 filled
arrowheads. Dimension terminator selection should be consistent across
the entire set of drawings.
38
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
Table 3-9
Metric Text Sizes and Line Type Scales
Scale
Text Size
Line Type Scale
1:1 or Full Size
3 mm
1:2.5
7.5 mm
2.5
1:5
15 mm
1:10
30 mm
10
1:20
60 mm
20
1:30
90 mm
30
1:40
120 mm
40
1:50
150 mm
50
1:60
180 mm
60
1:100
300 mm
100
1:200
600 mm
200
1:400
1.2 m
400
1:500
1.5 m
500
1:600
1.8 m
600
1:700
2.1 m
700
1:1000
3.0 m
1000
1:2000
6.0 m
2000
1:5000
15 m
5000
1:6000
18 m
6000
1:10000
30 m
10000
1:20000
60 m
20000
Dimensioning in Metric (SI)

Methodologies for dimensioning metric (SI) drawings are based upon
the recommendations of the Construction Metrication Council of NIBS,
Washington, DC. These recommendations comply with the American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E 621-94 (ASTM 1999).
Millimeters
The preferred unit of measure for most A/E/C work is millimeters.

Unit notations are unnecessary and should not be used. The dimension is
provided as a whole number as shown in Figure 3-9. Also, a note should
be added to the drawing stating, All dimensions and/or dimensions
shown in callouts/notes are in millimeters unless otherwise noted.
When meter measurements are included on the same sheet, the meter
dimension is provided as a real number taken to three places past the
decimal point (Figure 3-10). Again, unit notations are unnecessary.
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
39
Figure 3-9. Dimension in millimeters. Always shown as a whole number
Figure 3-10.
Dimension in meters. Always shown as a real number (with

decimal)
Note: In circumstances where very small dimensions are used (e.g.,

machine details), it is permissible to use real numbers for millimeter
dimensions. A note should be placed on the detail regarding this fact.
Meters
For site plans or other drawings drawn to scales over 1:200, the unit of
measure is typically meters. Where greater accuracy is required, show
dimensions to three decimal places (Figure 3-10). A note should be added
to the drawing stating, All dimensions and/or dimensions shown in
callouts/notes are in meters unless otherwise noted.
Large units of measure
Commas shall not be used when providing large units of measure;

instead, a space replaces the traditional comma in numbers containing five
or more digits (e.g., the number 45,000 is displayed as 45 000). In numbers containing four digits, no space is necessary (e.g., 5000). These
methods are shown in Figures 3-11 and 3-12.
Note: The automatic dimensioning features of AutoCAD do not allow
users to replace commas with spaces in dimension text. The dimension text
will presently have to be edited to provide the spacing required by ASTM
E 621-94 (ASTM 1999).
40
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
Figure 3-11.
Proper dimension presentations for metric measurements with four

or fewer digits
Figure 3-12.
Proper dimension presentations for metric measurements with five

or more digits
Dual units
To avoid confusion, dual units (both inch-pound and metric) should

not be used. As stated in Construction Metrication Council (1998), the use
of dual units increases dimensioning time, doubles the chance for errors,
makes drawings more confusing, and only postpones the (metric) learning
process.
Exceptions to this include certain standard building designs where
dual dimensions ensure that the design can be used in either SI or inchpound projects and in situations where products/components used in an SI
project are available only as inch-pound products.
Chapter 3
Graphic Concepts
41
Level/Layer Assignments
Levels/Layers
CAD levels or layers are analogous to overlays in manual drafting
systems and serve to separate graphic elements (lines, shapes, and text)
according to the design discipline they represent (Figure 4-1).
Figure 4-1. Typical levels/layers contained in a sheet file
The types of information represented by individual levels/layers can

be grouped into two primary types: model-file-specific information and
sheet-file-specific information (Figure 4-2). Sheet-file-specific
information can
42
Chapter 4
Figure 4-2. Sheet- and model-specific information
then be broken down into two secondary types: design-model-specific and

sheet-model-specific.
Chapter 4
Model-file-specific information represents the physical form of a

site, a building, or objects composing a building. This information
is often shared between CAD files (both model file and sheet file)
through the use of reference files. Examples include walls, doors,
light fixtures, and room numbers. Model-file-specific information
43
may be either literal (e.g., walls) or symbolic (e.g., electrical

outlets).
Sheet-file-specific information may include notes, annotative symbols, and titles. This type of information is usually not shared
between CAD files or drawings. Design models inside a sheet file
contain graphic information that would relate to real-world
information (e.g., point coordinates), or information that would be
sectioned off into multiple sheets (e.g., a floor plan that may take
three sheets to present because of its size). Sheet-model-specific
information would include items specific for the presentation of
that sheet. This is one reason that sheet models should never be
used as a reference file to other files.
A third type of information exists for BIM. The files created in BIM
are different from model files and sheet files because they are not directly
referenced as graphics in the generation of drawings. Information from
BIM is extracted and used to create the traditional models used in CAD
generation of drawings.
To use and manipulate model-file- and sheet-file-specific information
effectively, every level/layer must be defined (standardized) by its name
and its use.
Level/layer naming convention
The reuse, not duplication, of graphic information reduces drawing

time and improves project coordination. The level/layer is the basic tool
used in CAD for managing graphic information (Figure 4-3). The
levels/layers defined within this standard are based on the recommendations set forth in AIA CAD Layer Guidelines (AIA 2007).
Figure 4-3. Level/layer naming format
A basic level/layer name consists of a two-character Discipline Designator (e.g., A- for Architectural, M- for Mechanical), a four-character
Major Group (e.g., DOOR for Doors, LITE for Lighting Fixtures),
44
Chapter 4
and a four-character Minor Group (e.g., A-WALL-CNTR for wall center

lines, M-HVAC-CDFF for HVAC ceiling diffusers). For further differentiation, another four-character Minor Group may be used (e.g.,
A-WALL-FULL-EXTR for exterior full-height walls versus A-WALLFULL-INTR for interior full-height walls). An optional item to indicate
Status or Phase can also be added to every level/layer name (See Status
(Phase) levels/layers later in this chapter).
ISO format
ISO 13567-2 (ISO 1998) presents an international method for

level/layer naming (Figure 4-4). This method consists of 10 mandatory
alphanumeric characters, followed by 10 optional alphanumeric characters. The first two-character field, Agent Responsible, correlates to the
AIAs Discipline Designator. The following six-character field, Element,
can map to a shortened version of the AIAs Major and Minor Groups
(e.g., DOOR-FULL becomes DOORFU, DOOR-PRHT becomes
DOORPR). The final two-character field in the mandatory level/layer
name, Presentation, designates whether the level/layer information is
Model information (i.e., model-specific information) or Page/Paper information (i.e., sheet-specific information).
Figure 4-4. ISO 13567-2 level/layer naming method
Model Files
As mentioned in Chapter 2, model files represent full-size drawings of
building elements, systems, or information (e.g., the mechanical HVAC
system, the architectural floor plan, details, or sections), and sheet files
represent final plotted sheets. Model files are used as components in creating plotted sheet files. The information contained within a model file for
Chapter 4
45
a discipline may be referenced by other disciplines to create the particular

model files or sheet files for that discipline.
A model file can be considered a work in progress. For instance, a
mechanical engineer may reference the architects floor plan model file to
begin development of the HVAC ductwork layout model file. Meanwhile,
the architect can continue developing the floor plan to meet new requirements. Any changes to the floor plan would be immediately accessible to
the mechanical engineer. The viewing of real-time updates eliminates a
great deal of frustration for other disciplines because it allows for
on-the-spot rather than after-the-fact modifications.
Level/layer assignment tables
The level/layer assignment tables in Appendix A present the following

(Figure 4-5 presents an excerpt):
The levels/layers assigned to each model file.
An AIA format level/layer name for each level/layer.
A detailed description for each level/layer.
The recommended presentation graphics associated with each

level/layer. This includes the line style, line width, and color.
(Note: The recommended presentation graphics may be changed to
aid in drawing clarity (e.g., to show hidden objects). However, the
recommended presentation graphics should be adhered to as much
as possible to maintain drawing consistency.)
The various model files that levels/layers can be created in.
Annotation levels/layers. The function of annotation levels/layers is

to contain model-specific information that might not be required by other
disciplines. These levels/layers are as follows with ** representing a Discipline Designator (e.g., A-, C-):
**ANNO-DIMS
Witness/extension lines, dimension terminators, and dimension text.
**ANNO-KEYN
Reference keynotes with associated leaders.
**ANNO-NOTE
General notes and remarks.
46
Chapter 4
**ANNO-NPLT
Non-plotting graphic information.
**ANNO-PATT
Patterning, poche, shading, and hatching.
**ANNO-SYMB
Miscellaneous symbols.
**ANNO-TEXT
Miscellaneous text and callouts with associated leaders.
**ANNO-RDME
Read-me information.
**ANNO-REFR
An AutoCAD user-specific layer for use in attachment of external references (i.e., reference files).
Figure 4-5. Model file level/layer assignment table
Status (Phase) levels/layers. In some cases, levels/layers may be

modified to show the status of a particular item in the drawing (e.g., to be
demolished, to be moved, future work, etc.). In these cases, levels/layers
may have a Status code appended to them as shown in Figure 4-3. See
Table 4-1 for the Status (Phase) codes.
Chapter 4
47
Table 4-1
Status (Phase) Codes
Code
Description
New work
Existing to remain
Existing to demolish
Future work
Temporary work
Items to be moved
Not in contract
1-9
Phase numbers
The use of the Status (Phase) code should be limited, since it can significantly increase the number of levels/layers in a model file. Most items
can be shown through referenced model files or changing the line style of
items. For instance, New Work can be shown in the current model file;
Existing to Remain items can be shown through a screened reference file.
Not in Contract items and Future Items could be shown with a dashed line
style. Therefore, it is up to the user to determine whether the use of the
Status (Phase) code in level/layer names increases the readability of the
model file.
Border sheet model files
As mentioned before, a model file contains information that can be

referenced by other disciplines to create other model files or final sheet
files. Border sheets are referenced by all disciplines to create sheet files;
therefore border sheets are model files. A border sheet model file contains
border sheet linework, the title block, and project-specific symbols and
text. Typically, each discipline will use the same border sheet and fill in
sheet-specific information within the title block or revision block prior to
printing the final sheet file (e.g., sheet number, designer names).
Reference files (XREFs)
Reference files (external references or XREFs) enable designers to

share drawing information electronically, eliminating the need to
exchange hard copy drawings between the design disciplines. With the use
of reference files, the structural engineer need not wait for the architect to
complete the architectural floor plans before beginning the structural
framing plan model file.
Referencing electronic drawing information makes any changes later
made by the architect apparent to the structural designer. This real-time
48
Chapter 4
access to the work of others ensures accuracy and consistency within a set
of drawings and helps promote concurrent design efforts. No longer does
one discipline have to wait until another discipline is nearly finished
before they begin their drawings.
However, the use of level/layer assignments is a key component in the
successful use of reference files. Proper use of levels/layers allows others
to use the information in various model files efficiently by allowing
levels/layers to be turned on only for the desired graphics.
Sheet Files
Sheet files are the final project sheets that are ready to be plotted. A
sheet file contains sheet-specific information (e.g., north arrows, scales,
section cuts, title block information) in a sheet model (i.e., Paper Space for
AutoCAD users). A design model inside the sheet files contains the model
information assembled as it would be displayed on a sheet. This model
would have real-world spatial alignment and would be used as the primary
model for graphical information to be displayed and presented in the sheet
model. (See Chapter 2 for more on drawing assembly.)
Level/layer assignment tables
The level/layer assignment tables in Appendix B present the following

(Figure 4-6):
The levels/layers assigned to each sheet file.
An AIA format level/layer name for each level/layer.
A detailed definition for each level/layer.
The recommended presentation graphics associated with each

level/layer. This includes the line style, line width, and color.
Users should note that the first 13 level/layers of the sheet file type for
every discipline are the same, with the exception that the Discipline Designator changes depending on the discipline for that sheet file type. The
unique function of these Annotation levels/layers is to contain sheetspecific information. These levels/layers are as follows with ** representing a Discipline Designator (e.g., A-, C-):
**ANNO-DIMS
Sheet-specific witness/extension lines, dimension terminators, and dimension text.
Chapter 4
49
Figure 4-6. Sheet file level/layer assignment table
**ANNO-KEYN
Sheet-specific keynotes with associated leaders.
**ANNO-LEGN
Legends and symbol keys.
**ANNO-NOTE
Sheet-specific notes and general remarks.
**ANNO-NPLT
Non-plotting graphic information.
**ANNO-PATT
Sheet-specific patterning and hatching (e.g., keyplan patterning).
**ANNO-RDME
Read-me information.
**ANNO-REDL
Redlines.
**ANNO-REVS
Revisions, amendments, addenda, and modifications.
**ANNO-SCHD
Schedules.
50
Chapter 4
**ANNO-SYMB
Sheet-specific symbols (e.g., north arrow, scales).
**ANNO-TEXT
Sheet-specific text and callouts with associated leaders.
**ANNO-REFR
An AutoCAD user-specific layer for use in attachment of external references (i.e., reference files).
Development of sheet files
As mentioned previously, referenced model files are used in the construction of sheet files. The user opens the sheet file type from Appendix B that is appropriate to his/her discipline, then references existing
model files into a design model. This design model is used to generate the
sheet model for that file. At this point, information can be placed on the
annotation layers for the model that has been assembled.
For example, after the designer assembles the model files and creates
the sheet model as described previously in Chapter 2, the designer would
have to turn off levels/layers within each referenced model file to
achieve the desired sheet file. Which method of drawing assembly is to be
used determines how additional annotations are placed. In the design
model/sheet model option, design-model-specific annotations can be
placed in the design model. When a border sheet and the design model are
referenced together to form the sheet model, the designer could then place
sheet-specific annotations in the sheet model. When the single model
approach is taken, the border sheet is referenced along with the design
model (separate design file) into a sheet model and annotations are then
placed in the sheet model. The sheet file levels/ layers such as P-ANNOTEXT would be used to fill in sheet-specific information (e.g., sheet number, designer name). Once the final sheet file is achieved, the resulting file
is saved (with all reference files attached).
Chapter 4
51
Standard Symbology
Introduction
A cell in MicroStation and a block in AutoCAD are groups of
graphical elements that can be manipulated as a single entity. Examples of
typical cells/blocks are windows, doors, graphic scale keys, furniture, etc.
The use of such symbology enhances CAD productivity and provides an
excellent opportunity for CAD standardization.
Electronic Version of the Symbology/Elements

Deliverables
Within the electronic deliverables available as part of the A/E/C CAD

Standard, the following symbology is provided:
MicroStation cells contained in cell libraries (.cel) and custom line

styles contained in resource files (.rsc).
Note: Even though the symbols are provided in cell libraries, for MicroStation V8 a cell library is nothing more than a specialized design file
with an individual model for each symbol. The extension .cel is simply
used to differentiate a cell library from a standard design (.dgn) file.
AutoCAD blocks, each in an individual drawing (.dwg) file, patterns in a pattern library file (.pat), multilines in a multiline library
file (.mln), and custom line styles in a line type library file (.lin).
Line styles
Line style definitions determine the particular dash-dot sequence and

relative length of dashes, blank spaces, and the characteristics of any
included text or shapes. Working with line styles provides a means of distinguishing the purpose of one line from another.
52
Chapter 5
Standard Symbology
AutoCAD and MicroStation both provide a set of standard line styles,

as well as allowing the user to define custom line styles. In AutoCAD
these custom line styles are defined in a line type library file (.lin) and a
multiline library file (.mln). In MicroStation, custom line styles are contained in resource files (.rsc) (see Chapter 3, Line types/styles for more
information.
Note: Custom line styles do not readily translate between systems;
therefore users should anticipate that translated custom line styles may
revert into their primitive graphics.
Tabulated Version of the Symbology/Elements

Graphical presentations of the entire symbology library are shown in
Appendix D, A/E/C CAD Standard Symbology.
The symbology library contains four types of elements: Lines, Patterns, Symbols, and Objects. Lines are defined as a graphical representation of linear drawing features (e.g., utility lines, fence lines, contours).
Patterns are defined as repeated drawing elements (e.g., lines, dots, circles) within a defined area. Symbols are defined as MicroStation cells or
AutoCAD blocks that are representative of objects (e.g., electrical outlets,
smoke detectors). Objects are defined as MicroStation cells or AutoCAD
blocks that retain their actual size no matter the scale of the drawing (e.g.,
30- by 50-in. desk, 3-0 door).
Chapter 5
Standard Symbology
53
References
Air Force Logistics Command. 1989. Architectural and engineering services for
CADD implementation within Air Force Logistics Command.
American Institute of Architects. 1988. Architectural graphic standards. 8th ed.
New York: John Wiley and Sons.
American Institute of Architects. 2007. AIA CAD layer guidelines: U.S. national
CAD standard version 4.0. Washington, DC: American Institute of
Architects Press.
American National Standards Institute. 1972. Graphic symbols for electrical wiring and layout diagrams used in architect and building construction. ANSI
Y32.9-1972, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New York.
American Society for Testing and Materials. 1999. Standard practice for the use
of metric (SI) units in building design and construction (Committee E-6 Supplement to E380). ASTM E 621-94. Philadelphia, PA.
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
1997. 1997 ASHRAE fundamentals handbook. Atlanta, GA.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 1995. Decimal inch drawing sheet
size and format. ASME Y14.1-1995. New York.
__________. 1995. Metric drawing sheet size and format. ASME Y14.1M-1995.
New York.
American Society of Plumbing Engineers. 1998. Data book Volume 1: Fundamentals of plumbing engineering. Chicago, IL.
Construction Metrication Council. 1998. Construction metrication. Vol 7, Issue
1. Washington, DC: National Institute of Building Sciences.
Construction Specifications Institute. 2007. Uniform drawing system. Alexandria,
VA.
Department of Commerce/Department of Defense. 1997. United States of America nautical chart symbols, abbreviations, and terms. 10th ed. Washington,
DC: Department of Commerce.
54
References
Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1990. Standards manual for U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD)
systems. Engineer Manual 1110-1-1807. Washington, DC.
International Organization for Standardization. 1982. Technical drawings
General principles of presentation. ISO 128. Switzerland.
__________. 1998. Technical product documentation - Organization and naming
of layers for CAD - Part 2: Concepts, format and codes used in construction
documentation. ISO 13567-2. Switzerland.
National Fire Protection Association. 2006. Standard for fire safety and
emergency symbols. NFPA 170. Quincy, MA.
National Institute of Building Sciences. 2007. United States National CAD Standard. Washington, DC.
Naval Facilities Engineering Command. 1993. Policy and procedures for electronic deliverables of facilities computer-aided design and drafting (CADD)
systems. MIL-HNDBK-1006/7. Alexandria, VA.
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association. 1995.
HVAC duct construction standards-metal and flexible. 2nd ed. Chantilly,
VA.
References
55
Discipline: Electrical
Model File Layers/Levels
46
46
46
4
46
46
X
X
X
X
X
X
0
0
0.50
0.35
203
2
45
4
X
X
0
0
0
0
0.50
0.35
0.50
0.35
203
203
203
203
45
45
45
45
0
0
0.50
0.35
203
2
45
4
0.25
V
0
V
0.35
V
2
V
4
Riser/One-Line Diagrams
23
23
23
2
23
23
Details
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.35
0.50
0.50
Airfield Lighting Plan
0
0
0
0
0
0
Exterior Communication Systems

Plan
41
41
Electrical Utilities Plan
163
163
Grounding System Plan
0.50
0.35
Power Plan
MicroStation Color #
ESUGN
0
Lighting Plan
AutoCAD Color #
Special Systems Plan
Model File Types
Line Width (mm)
AIA Format
Level/Layer Description
E-SECD-UGND
Underground electrical utility lines
E-SECD-UGND-IDEN Identifier tags, symbol modifiers, and text
Security System
E-SERT-ACCS
Access control system
E-SERT-CLNG
Ceiling mounted sensors
E-SERT-FLOR
Floor mounted sensors
E-SERT-IDEN
Identifier tags, symbol modifiers, and text
E-SERT-UNDR
Buried sensors
E-SERT-WALL
Wall mounted sensors
Sound System
E-SOUN-EQPM
Sound system equipment
E-SOUN-IDEN
Special Systems
E-SPCL-SYST
Special systems (UMCS, EMCS, CATV, etc.)
E-SPCL-SYST-IDEN Special systems (UMCS, EMCS, CATV, etc.) identifier tags, symbol modifier, and text
E-SPCL-TRAF
Traffic signal system
E-SPCL-TRAF-IDEN Traffic signal identifier tags, symbol modifier, and text
TV Antenna System
E-TVAN-EQPM
Television antenna system equipment
E-TVAN-IDEN
Other Discipline Information
E-DISC-INFO
Clearances and working space information (NEC code, etc.)
Detail Information
E-DETL-GRPH
Graphics, gridlines, non-text items
Diagram Information
E-DIAG-GRPH
E-DIAG-IDEN
Graphic Defaults
Line Style
Level/Layer Naming
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Note: V = Varies, NA = Not Applicable
Appendix A Model File Level/Layer Assignment Tables
A57
Discipline: Telecommunications
Model File Layers/Levels
AutoCAD Color #
Telephone/Data Plan
Riser Diagrams
Details
Model File Types
Line Width (mm)
AIA Format
General Information
T-ANNO-DIMS
Witness/extension lines, dimension terminators, dimension text
T-ANNO-KEYN
Reference keynotes with associated leaders
T-ANNO-NOTE
General notes and general remarks
T-ANNO-NPLT
Non-plotting graphic information
T-ANNO-PATT
Patterning, poche, shading, and hatching
T-ANNO-RDME
Read-me information
T-ANNO-REFR
Reference files and raster attachments
Miscellaneous symbols
T-ANNO-SYMB
T-ANNO-TEXT
Miscellaneous text and callouts with associated leaders
Cable System
T-CABL-COAX
Coax cable
T-CABL-FIBR
Fiber optics cable
T-CABL-IDEN
Cable identifiers
T-CABL-MULT
Multi-conductor cable
T-CABL-TRAY
Cable trays and wireways
Equipment
T-EQPM-COMB
Distribution equipment for both copper and fiber optics
T-EQPM-COPP
Distribution equipment for copper
T-EQPM-FIBR
Distribution equipment for fiber optic
T-EQPM-OTHR
Other telecommunications equipment
T-EQPM-RELA
Relays, resistors, capacitors, and inducers
Floor Information
T-FLOR-IDEN
Room name, space identification text (copied from Archictural - Floor Plan model file)
T-FLOR-NUMB
Room/space identification number and symbol (copied from Architectural - Floor Plan model file)
Jacks
T-JACK-COMB
Combination telephone and data/LAN jacks
T-JACK-DATA
Data/LAN jacks
T-JACK-IDEN
T-JACK-PHON
Telephone jacks
Junction Boxes
T-COMM-JBOX
Junction boxes
Other Discipline Information
T-DISC-INFO
Information and notes for other disciplines
Diagram Information
T-DIAG-GRPH
T-DIAG-IDEN
Detail Information
T-DETL-GRPH
Graphic Defaults
Line Style
Level/Layer Naming
0
0
0
0
V
0
NA
V
0
V
V
0.35
0.18
0.18
0.18
NA
V
V
V
V
2
5
8
5
NA
6
V
V
V
4
1
9
1
NA
5
V
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2
FIBOPT
0
0
0
0.50
0.50
0.35
0.50
0.50
83
83
2
83
203
42
42
4
42
45
X
X
X
X
X
0
0
0
0
0
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
4
4
4
4
4
7
7
7
7
7
X
X
X
X
X
0
0
0.25
0.25
3
3
2
2
X
X
0
0
0
0
0.50
0.50
0.35
0.50
203
203
2
203
45
45
4
45
X
X
X
X
0.50
83
42
V
0
V
0.35
V
2
V
4
X
X
X
X
Appendix A Model File Level/Layer Assignment Tables
A58
Discipline: Telecommunications
Sheet-specific dimensions (includes witness/extension lines, dimension terminators, dimension text)

Sheet-specific reference keynotes with associated leaders
Legends and symbol keys
Match lines
Sheet-specific notes and general remarks
Non-plotting graphic information
Sheet-specific patterning and hatching (e.g., keyplan patterning)
Read-me information (not plotted)
Redlines
Reference files and raster attachments
Revisions
Schedules
Sheet-specific symbols (e.g., scales, north arrow, section cuts, detail bubbles, etc.)
Sheet-specific text and callouts with associated leaders (e.g., title block text, legend and schedule text)
AutoCAD Color #
Line Width (mm)
AIA Format
General Information
T-ANNO-DIMS
T-ANNO-KEYN
T-ANNO-LEGN
T-ANNO-MATC
T-ANNO-NOTE
T-ANNO-NPLT
T-ANNO-PATT
T-ANNO-RDME
T-ANNO-REDL
T-ANNO-REFR
T-ANNO-REVS
T-ANNO-SCHD
T-ANNO-SYMB
T-ANNO-TEXT
Graphic Defaults
Line Style
Level/Layer Naming
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
V
0
V
V
V
0.70
0.35
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.25
NA
0.50
V
0.35
V
V
V
V
7
2
5
8
5
1
NA
4
V
6
V
V
V
V
0
4
1
9
1
3
NA
7
V
5
V
Appendix B Sheet File Level/Layer Assignment Tables
B16
Form Approved
OMB No. 0704-0188
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining
the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for
reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington,
VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not
display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.
1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)
2. REPORT TYPE
July 2009
3. DATES COVERED (From - To)
Final
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
A/E/C CAD Standard, Release 4.0

5b. GRANT NUMBER
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S)
5d. PROJECT NUMBER
CAD/BIM Technology Center for facilities, infrastructure, and environment
5e. TASK NUMBER

5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT

NUMBER

Information Technology Center
3909 Halls Ferry Road
ERDC/ITL TR-09-2
9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)
10. SPONSOR/MONITORS ACRONYM(S)
11. SPONSOR/MONITORS REPORT

NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. ABSTRACT
The A/E/C CAD Standard has been developed by the CAD/BIM Technology Center (Center) for Facilities, Infrastructure, and
Environment to eliminate redundant Computer-Aided Design (CAD) standardization efforts within the Department of Defense (DoD)
and the Federal Government. The manual is part of an initiative to develop a nonproprietary CAD standard that incorporates existing
industry, national, and international standards and to develop data standards that address the entire life cycle of facilities within the
DoD.
The CAD drafting standards addressed in the A/E/C CAD standard include presentation graphics, level/layer assignments, electronic file
naming, and standard symbology. The Center's primary goal is to develop a CAD standard that is generic enough to operate under
various CAD software packages (such as Bentley's MicroStation and Autodesk's AutoCAD) and incorporate existing industry standards
when possible.
CAD standards
15. SUBJECT TERMS
A/E/C
CAD
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:
a. REPORT
UNCLASSIFIED
b. ABSTRACT
UNCLASSIFIED
17. LIMITATION
OF ABSTRACT
18. NUMBER
OF PAGES
c. THIS PAGE
UNCLASSIFIED
19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE

PERSON
19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include
500
area code)
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239.18

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ERDC/ITL TR-09-2

A/E/C CAD Standard

for facilities, infrastructure, and environment

The CAD/BIM Technology Center

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

A/E/C CAD Standard

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center

2Drawing File Organization ....................................................................6

Presentation Graphics ....................................................................................24

4Level/Layer Assignments ....................................................................42

Appendix C: Color Table Comparison ....................................................C1

Sheet file composition .........................................................9

Sheet file composition using Design Model and

Sheet file composition using only the Design Model ........11

Model file naming convention ...........................................12

Sheet file naming convention ............................................18

Typical border sheet title block with sheet

Vertical title block .............................................................33

Designer identification block.............................................34

Issue block .........................................................................34

Project identification block/sheet title block .....................35

Sheet identification block ..................................................35

Project map block ..............................................................36

Index map block.................................................................37

Dimension in millimeters. Always shown as a

Dimension in meters. Always shown as a real

Proper dimension presentations for metric

Proper dimension presentations for metric

Typical levels/layers contained in a sheet file ...................42

Sheet- and model-specific information..............................43

Level/layer naming format.................................................44

ISO 13567-2 level/layer naming method...........................45

Model file level/layer assignment table .............................47

Sheet file level/layer assignment table...............................50

Table 2-1 Discipline Designators ..............................................................13

United States National CAD Standard

Uniform Drawing System

AIA CAD Layer Guidelines

Each of these documents is available as part of the NCS. Additional

A/E/C Architecture, Engineering, and Construction

AIA American Institute of Architects

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

BIM Building Information Modeling

CAD Computer-Aided Design

CSI Construction Specifications Institute

DoD Department of Defense

GIS Geographic Information System

IAI International Alliance for Interoperability

IFC Industry Foundation Class

ISO International Organization for Standardization

NCS United States National CAD Standard

NIBS National Institute of Building Sciences

SI International System of Units (Le Systme International

UDS Uniform Drawing System

Consistent CAD products for customers.

Uniform requirements for A-E deliverables.

Sharing of products and expertise.