0% found this document useful (0 votes)
343 views21 pages

Conm MCQ

This document contains a series of multiple choice questions related to the subject of computer oriented numerical methods. The questions cover topics like errors and computation, approximations and round-off errors, numerical differentiation and integration, solution of algebraic and transcendental equations, and matrices and solutions of systems of linear equations using direct methods. The questions are testing knowledge of key theorems, formulas, and concepts in numerical analysis such as Rolle's theorem, Taylor series, forward and backward difference formulas, and Newton's method.

Uploaded by

NIRALI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
343 views21 pages

Conm MCQ

This document contains a series of multiple choice questions related to the subject of computer oriented numerical methods. The questions cover topics like errors and computation, approximations and round-off errors, numerical differentiation and integration, solution of algebraic and transcendental equations, and matrices and solutions of systems of linear equations using direct methods. The questions are testing knowledge of key theorems, formulas, and concepts in numerical analysis such as Rolle's theorem, Taylor series, forward and backward difference formulas, and Newton's method.

Uploaded by

NIRALI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Subject :-computer oriented numerical methods.

Unit 1 Errors and Computation


1.Iff(x) is (i) continuous in [a, b]. (ii) Differentiable in (a, b) and (iii) f(a) = f(b)
thenc (a, b) such that f(c) = 0.
It is proved by ___________theorem
A.rollesB.GeneralisedrollesC.intermidiate value. D.langrages

2.Letf(x)be a function which is n times differentiable on [a, b]. If f(x) vanishes


at the (n+1) distinct points x0, x1, ,xnin(a, b), then there exists a number c
in(a, b) such that f n(c) = 0.
It is proved by ___________theorem
A.rollesB.GeneralisedrollesC.intermidiate value. D.langrages
3.If f(x) is (i) continuous in [a, b] and (ii) differentiable in (a, b) then there exists
at least one value c in (a, b) such that f1(c) =f(b)-f(a)/b-a
It is proved by ___________theorem
A.rollesB.GeneralisedrollesC.intermidiate value. D.langrages
4.Let f(x) be continuous in [a, b] and k be any number between f(a) and f(b).
Then there exists a number c in (a, b) such that f(c) = k.
It is proved by ___________theorem
A.rollesB.GeneralisedrollesC.intermidiate value. D.langrages
5.There are numbers like 2/7(= 0.285714.), (= 3.14159.),
2 (= 1.4142.), e (= 2.71828.) which cannot be expressed by a finite
number of digits. These may be approximated by numbers 0.2857, 3.1416,
1.4142, 2.7183 respectively by omitting some digits, then these numbers are
called__________ numbers.
A.exactB.approximateC.round off D.right
6.numbers like 1,2,3,1/2(=0.5),3/2(=1.5) are treated as___________.
A.exactB.approximateC.round off

D.right

7.The digits that are used to express a number are called _________ digits or
_________ figures.
A.exactB.significantC.round off

D.insignificant

8.If the number does not have any decimal point, the significant figures of the number are the
digits countedfrom the________ non-zero digit on the left to the______ non-zero digit on the
right.
A.first,lastB.first,second last C.second,lastD.last,first
9.f the number has a decimal point, the significant figures of the number are the digits counted
from the first nonzerodigit on the ______ to the last digit on the _____ side.
A.left,rightB.right,leftC.center,leftD.left,center
10.12040 has _________significant digits.
A.fiveB.fourC.threeD.six
11.2100.4 has _________significant digits.
A.fiveB.fourC.threeD.six
12.0.015, has ______ significant figures.
A.fiveB.fourC.threeD.two
13.3.1416 has _______significant digits.
A.fiveB.fourC.threeD.two
14.0.00386 has _____significant digits.
A.fiveB.fourC.threeD.two
15.All _______ digits are significant
A.zeroB.firstC.lastD.non-zero
16.All zeros occurring between ________ digits are significant digits.
A.zeroB.firstC.lastD.non-zero
17.Zeros between the decimal point and preceding a non-zero digit are not
_________.
A.exactB.significantC.round off
D.insignificant
18.When the decimal point is not written, trailing zeros are not considered to
be __________.
A.exactB.significantC.round off
D.insignificant
19.4500.0 contains _______ significant digits.
A.fiveB.fourC.threeD.two
20.100.00001 has______ significant digits
A.fiveB.fourC.eightD.seven
21.Precision refers to the number of decimal positions, i.e. the order
magnitude of the ________digit in a value.
A.firstB.lastC.middleD.second

22.4.2301 has a precision of________


4

A. 10

B. 10

C. 10

D. 10

23._________ errorarises when data for aproblem are obtained by some experimental means
and are, therefore,of limited accuracy and precision.
A.dataB.inherentC.conversionD.round-off
24._______ error also known as empirical error.
A.dataB.inherentC.conversionD.round-off
25.________ errors also known as representation errors.
A.dataB.inherentC.conversionD.round-off
26.________ errorsarise due to the limitations of the computer to store the data exactly
A.dataB.inherentC.conversionD.round-off
27._________ errors are introduced during the process of implementation of a numerical
method.
A.dataB.inherentC.numericalD.round-off
28._________errors arise from using an approximation in place of an exact
mathematical procedure.
A.dataB.inherentC.truncationD.round-off
29.________ error is the numerical difference between its true value of aquantity and its
approximate value.
A.dataB.inherentC.truncationD.absolute
30.The _______error is the absolute error divided by the true value of the quantity.
A.relativeB.inherentC.truncationD.absolute

Unit 2 Approximations and Round-off Errors


31.Taylors Theorem was given by ___________(1685-1734) in the year 1715
A. Brook TaylorB.johnfarnandisC.brookmayor D.d.taylor
32.Taylor series function formula

( Xo)

F(x)=f(Xo)+f(Xo)+(X-Xo)+ +f ' ' 2! ( X Xo)

+..

33 If .Z=x+y be the addition of two numbers X and Y and

+ f (n) Xo
n!
Z a = X a + Y a be

the sum of approximated values of X and Y. So the error in Z and

Z a is given as

z=
Z
Ans :e z- a

34.If

Za =

a+ Y a
X

Ans :e z X e y + Y e x
35.In case of division

ex
Xey
y Y2
Ans : e

z=

36. The relative error

Er =

Er

is given by

fmax
df x 1 f x 2
F X3
F xn
= dx 1 f + x 2 f
+ x 3 F
+--------+ xn f
f

37.____________ error is defined as the sum of truncating error and round-off


errors.
Ans.Total numerical
38.If the truncating error is decreasing the round off error will _______
Ans:-increase
39.__________ can be either due to human imperfection or computer malfunctioning.

Ans:-errors.
40.________ error also known as model error is due to incomplete
mathematical models.
Ans:-formulation
41. ___________error is due to uncertainty in physical data upon which a model is based.
Ans:-Uncertainty
42. if a = 2.467 and b = 0.03241 both have 4 significant digits of accuracy then a-b = ________
Ans:- 2.43459
Unit:-3
43.For a given table of values (x0, y0), (x1, y1), (x2, y2), , (xn, yn) equally space
abscissas of function y = f(x), we define the first forward difference operation defined by f(x)
is defined as f(x) = f (x + h) f (x)

Put x = x0, we get f(x0) = f (x0 + h) f (x0)


y0 = f (x1) f (x0) = y1 y0,
y0 = y1 y0. Where is called the forward difference operator
44. in forward difference

y 0 = y 1 - y 0 =f (x1) f (x0)

45.y1 = y2 y1 = f (x2) f (x1)


46.y2 = y3 y2 = f (x3) f (x2)
47.2 y0 =y1 y0
= (y2 y1) (y1 y0)
= y2 2y1 + y0

482 y1 =y2 y1
= (y3 y2) (y2 y1) = y3 2y2 + y1
49.3 y0 =2 y1 2 y0 = (y3 2y2 + y1) (y2 2y1 + y0) = y3 3y2 + 3y1 - y0
50.4 y0 =3 y1 2 y0 = (y4 3y3 + 3y2 y1) (y3 3y2 + 3y1 - y0)
= y4 4y3 + 6y2 4y1 + y0
51. ( f ( x ) . g ( x ) )=f ( x+ h ) g ( x ) + g( x ) f (x )
Or f(x) g ( x )+ g (x+ h) f ( x)

g ( x ) f ( x )f (x) g(x )
f (x)
52. g (x) =
g ( x ) g( x +h)

53.The first backward difference of f(x) denoted by f(x) is defined as


f(x) = f(x) f(x h)
Put x = x1
f(x1) = f (x1) f(x1 h) = f(x1) f (x0)
y1 = y1 y0.
Thus, the differences y1 y0, y2 y1, y3 y2, .. , yn yn1 are called first Backward difference
and they are denoted by y1, y2, y3 ..yn whereis the backward difference operator
54.In backward difference table.2 y2 = y2 y1 = (y2 y1) (y1 y0)
= y2 2y1 + y0
55.3 y3 = 2 y3 2 y2 = y3 3y2 + 3y1 y0.
56.In central difference table

0= y 1=

y 1
= y 1 y 0
2

57.The inverse operator E1 is defined by E1 f(x) = f (x h)and similarly, En f(x) = f (x nh)


58.The average operator is defined as

y=1/2

y1
1
+ y(
)
2
2

59.Differential Operator (D) It is denoted by D and is defines as

D f(x) = dx f(x) = f(x)

d2
D 2 f(x) =
dx 2 f(x)=f(x)
D3 f ( x ) =d 3 / dx 3 f(x) =f(x)
60.Relationship between E and :
Ans:-E = 1 +
61.Relation between the shift operator (E) and the differential
operator (D):
Ans:- E =

e hD

62Relationship between E and

Ans:-E=

63. Relation between E,

E1 =

Ans:-

64.Relation between E,
1

=E2
1
2

=1/ 2(E E1/ 2)


n
65.A polynomial of the form f(x) = Y x = (x) =x(x-1)____(x-n+1)where n is a positive integer,

is known as__________.

Ans:- factorial polynomials


66. x

is defined as_______

Ans:-1

Unit:-4Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations


67. Every algebraic equation of nth degree, where n is a positive integer, has ___and only
____roots.
Ans:-n
68.Complex roots occur in pairs
Ans:-complex
69.Bisection method is developed by__________, a mathematician from
Prague.
Ans:- Bernard Bolzano
70.Bisection method is based on repeated application of the ________Theorem.
Ans:-Intermediate Value
71.The real root of the equation f(x) = x3 3x -5 lies between________
Ans:-2 and 3
72.Inregulafalsi method
X3=x=x1-f(x1)(x2-x1)/f(x2)-f(x1)
73.The _________method is intended to produce faster convergence to the solution.
Ans:-regula-falsi
74.The convergence of an _________depends on the suitable choice of
the function (x), and x0, a suitable initial approximation to the root.
Ans:-iteration method
75._________is a very powerful method for finding the real root of an equation in the
form f(x) = 0.
Ans:-newton raphson method
76. X n +1 = x n - f ( xn) /f ' (xn)

is known as___________.

Ans:-newton raphson formula.


77.Evaluate 12 to four decimal places by Newtons-Raphson formula.
Ans:-3.4641

78.The Newton Raphson method has the _______ convergence.


Ans:-fastest
79. X n +1 = x n -

f ( xn) /f ' (xn)


] is known as___________.
m

Ans:-generalised Newtons formula


80. ________method is described by Indian mathematical genius SrinivasaRamanujan (18871920).
Ans:-Ramanujans
81._________ is an iterative method which can be used to determine the smallest root of the
equation of the form f(x) = 0.
Ans:-Ramanujans

Unit:-5 Matrices and Solutions of Systems of Linear Equations-Direct


Methods
82.A system of m linear equations in n unknowns x1, x2, ,xnis a set of
equations of the form
a11x1 + a12 x2 + + a1n xn= b1
a21x1 + a22 x2 + + a2n xn= b2
... ...
am1x1 + am2 x2 + ... + amnxn= bm.
aijare constants, which are called the________of the system and bi are
another constants.
Ans:-coefficient
83. If the bi are all zero, then (*) is called a __________ system.
Ans:-homogenous
84.If at least one bi is not zero, then (*) is called a ___________system
Ans:- non-homogeneous
85.A system of equations having no solution is called an ________system.
Ans:-inconsistent
86.A system of equations having one or more solution is called a
__________system.
Ans:-Consistent
87If rank A = rank A B = number of unknowns, then system has a_______solution.
Ans:-unique

88. If rank A = rank A B number of unknowns, then system has an_______ number of
solutions.
Ans:-infinite
89.________ methods produce the exact solution after a finite number of steps, disregarding
the round-off error.
Ans:-direct
90._______method give a sequence of approximate solutions, which converge when the
number of steps tends to infinity.
Ans:-Iterative
91. X= A

which is known as _________.

Ans:-matrix inversion method


92. A

= det A adjA which is ________formula.

Ans:-inverse
93. In ________method we transform the given matrix into upper triangular matrix by row
transformation.
Ans:-.Gauss Elimination
94. In _______method we transform the given matrix into diagonal matrix.
Ans:-Gauss-Jordan
96.X=

x
x

Y=

d1

x=
d2
Where
d3

y
y
y1
y2
y3

Z=

z
z

is known as ________rule.

z1
x1 d1 z1
x1

y
=

z
=
z2
x2 d 2 z2
x2
z3
x3 d3 z3
x3

y1 d 1
y2 d 2
y3 d 3

Ans:-crammers rule
97.________method is based on the fact that a square matrix A can be factorized into the form
LU, where L is unit lower triangular and U is upper triangular, if all the principal minors of A are
nonsingular
Ans:-Lu decomposition
98. InLU decomposition A = LU, where

1
0 0
L= l 21 1 0
l31 l 32 1

u 11 u 12 u13
u 22 u 22
U= 0
0
0 u 23

99.Therefore LUX = B.
Put UX = Y, then LY = B, which is equivalent to the system
y1 = b1
l21y1 + y2 = b2
l31y1 + l32y2 + y3 = b3.
We can solve by forward substitution. When Y is known, the system UX = Y
Becomes,
U11x1 + u12x2 + u13x3 = y1
u22x2 + u23x3 = y2
u33x3 = y3, which can be solved by the back substitution.
u11 = a11, u12 = a12, u13 = a13
l21u11 = a21, l21u12 + u22 = a22, l21u13 + u23 = a23,
l31u11 = a31, l31u12 + l32u22 = a32, l31u13 + l32u23 + u33 = a33.

Unit 6 Solutions of System of Linear Equations Iterative Methods


100.Gauss - Jacobis iteration method
.a11 x + a12 y + a13z = b1
a21x + a22 y + a23 z = b2
a31x + a32 y + a33 z = b3

X= A 11 [ b 1a 12 ya 13 z ]

Y= a 22 [b 2a 21 xa23 z ]

Z= a33 [b 3a 31 x a 32 y ]

101.__________ is a modification of Jacobis method.

Ans:-Gauss Seidel
102.Gauss Seidel iteration method
a11x + a12 y + a13z = b1
a21x + a22 y + a23 z = b2

a31x + a32 y + a33 z = b3

X= A 11 [ b 1a 12 ya 13 z ]

Y= a 22 [b 2a 21 xa23 z ]

Z= a33 [b 3a 31 x a 32 y ]
For x,y,z

X= x 0 , Y= y 0 ,Z= z 0

0 a 13 z 0

b 1a 12 y
=
1

a 11
1

1 a 23 z 0

]
x

1 a 32 y 1
]
x

= a 22 [b2-a21

= a33 [b3-a31

103.Given a square matrix A of order n, if there exists a scalar and a non-zero column matrix
X such that AX = X, then is called an ________of A and X is called an ________of A
corresponding to an eigen value .
Ans:-eigenvalue ,eigen vector
104.The sum of the eigen values of A is the sum of the _______of its principal diagonal, that is,
trace A = 1 + 2 + 3 +. . +.n.,
where,, 1, 2, 3,. n are the eigen values of A
Ans:-elements
105.Ifis an eigen value of A, then ______is the eigen value of A1.
Ans:- 1/
106.If _____is the eigen value of an orthogonal matrix, then 1/ is also its eigenvalue.
ns

107. A and its transpose ____________will have the same eigen values.
Ans:- A

108.The inverse A1 exists if and only if__________.


ns:- i0
109.The constant term in the characteristic equation equals _______of A.
Ans:-determinant
110. Inverse of a square matrix

Ans : A

= k 3 =[ A

+k1A+k2I]

111.power method is used to find_________.


Ans:-nth degree polynomial

Unit 7 Curve Fitting


112. Convert the following equations into linear form.

Y= a+bx
Ans:-Y=aX+b taking Y=1/y X=1/x
113.xy = ax + b convert into linear form
Ans:- Y = a + bX.
114.Law of the form y = m X

+c.

Ans:-y=mX+c
115.Law of the form y = a X

Ans:-Y = nX + c.
116.Law of y = a X

+ b log x.

Ans:-Y=aX+b
117.When the law is y = a e

bx

Ans:- Y = mX +c where m = b log10e and c = log10a.


118.Method of Group AveragesThne
required curve is of the form y = m X

Ans:- log10y = log10 m + n log10x


119. Method of Least Squares
1.Let y = a + bx be the required best fit straight line.
Ans:-y = na + b x
xy = a x + b x2
120. The given straight line fit by y = ax + b.
y = nb + ax
xy = bx + ax2
121.Fitting a Parabola y = a + bx + c x
Ans:-y = na + bx + c x

ns:-xy = ax + bx2 + c x
x2y = ax2 + bx3 + c x

Fitting a curve of the form y = a x

Ans:- log10y = log10 a + b log10x


123.Fitting Exponential Curvey = a e

bx

Ans:- taking log both sides log10 y = log10 a + bx log10e.


Y=Bx+A
2
B xi A xi xiYi

B xi4A Yi
124. Method of Moments
ns:- The first moment = yix = xyi
2 = The second moment = xiyix = xxiyi
3 = The third moment = = Xi

yix=x= Xi yi

Unit 9 Interpolation with Unequal Intervals

( xx 1 )( xx 2 ) .(xxn)

y = f (x) = ( x 0x 1 )( x 0x 2 ) .( x 0xn)

( xx 0 )( xx 2 ) ..( xxn)

y0+ ( x 1x 0 )( x 1x 2 ) ( x 1xn) y1+.

( xx 0 )( xx 1 ) .( xxn1)

+ ( xnx 0 )( xnx 1 ) ( xnxn1)


Is known as_____________for unique intervals.
Ans:-Lagranges Interpolation Formula
126.state true false.The Lagranges interpolation formula has the disadvantage that if another
interpolation point were inserted, then we have to recompute the interpolation coefficients.
Ans:-true
127.Let (x0, y0), (x1, y1), (x2, y2) , . . . , (xn, yn) be a given set of (n + 1) points.
The first divided differences are defined by the following relations
[x0,x1]=

y 1 y 0
x 1x 0

[x1,x2]=

y 2 y 1
x 2x 1

.. .
..

yn yn1

[xn-1,xn]= xnxn1

128.The second divided differences are defined by


Ans:-[x0,x1,x2]=

[ x 1, x 2 ] [ x 0, x 1]
x 2x 0

129.The third divided differences are defined by


Ans:-[x0,x1,x2,x3]= ]=

[ x 1, x 2, x 3 ] [ x 0, x 1, x 2]
x 3x 0

130.In general the nth divided difference is defined by


Ans:- [x0,x1,x2,x3,xn]=

[ x 1, x 2 .. xn ] [x 0, x 1 . xn1]
xnx 0

131The Newtons divided difference formula is given by


Ans:- y(x) = y0 + (x x0) [x0, x1] + (x x0) (x x1) [x0, x1, x2] + (x x0) (x x1)
(x x2) [ x0, x1, x2, x3] + . . . + (x x0) (x x1) . . . (x xn1) [x0, x1, x2 . . . xn].

( y y 1 ) ( y y 2 ) ( y y 3 ) .( y yn)

132x= ( y 0 y 1 ) ( y 0 y 2 ) ( y 0 y 3 ) . ( y 0 yn) x0+

( y y 0 ) ( y y 2 )( y y 3 ) .( y yn)
( y y 0 )( y y 1 ) ( y y 3 ) .( y yn)
( y y 0 )( y y
x 1+
x 2+
( y 1 y 0 ) ( y 1 y 2 )( y 1 y 3 ) .( y 1 yn)
( y 2 y 0 )( y 2 y 1 ) ( y 2 y 3 ) .( y 2 yn)
( yn y 0 ) ( yn y
This is known as _____________formula.
Ans:-langrages interpolation

Unit 12 Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations I


133.A _______equation is an equation which involves independent and
dependent variables and the derivatives of the dependent variables.
Ans:- differential
134.The order of a differential equation is the order of _______derivative
appearing in it.
Ans:- highest
135. The ________of a differential equation is the degree of the highest derivative occurring in
it, after the equation has been expressed in a form free from radicals and fractions so far as the
derivatives are concerned.
Ans:- degree
136.A solution of a differential equation is a relation between the ________which
satisfies the given differential equation.
Ans:- variables
137. The general solution of a differential equation is that in which the number of _______is
equal to the order of the differential equation.
Ans:-arbitrary constants
138.A particular solution is that which can be obtained from the _______solution by giving
particular values to the arbitrary constants.
Ans:-general
139. A differential equation together with the initial condition is called _________problem.
Ans:-initial-value
140.Picards method of Successive Approximation
x

Ans:-first approximation is y1=y0+

f ( x , y 0 ) dx
x0

141.second approximation is
x

Ans:-y2=y1+

f ( x , y 1 ) dx
x0

142.third approximation is
x

Ans:- y3=y0+

f ( x , y 2 ) dx
x0

143.(n+1)thapproximation will be
x

Ans:- yn+1=y0+

f ( x , yn ) dx
x0

h2
h3
h4
5
144.y1=y0+hy0+ 2 ! y(0)+ 3 ! y(0)+ 4 ! y(0)+o( h ) is known as
__________of order four.
Ans:-taylor series method
145.y1= y0+ hf(x0, y0)
y2 = y1+ h f (x1, y1)
yi + 1 = yi+ hf(xi, yi)This is known as ____________method.
Ans:-Eulers

formula

146.

Y 11 = y 0+

h
[ f ( x 0, y 0 ) + f ( x 1, y 1 ) ] this is known as
2

Ans:-modified Eulers formula.

Unit 8 Interpolation with Equal intervals.


147.___________ is the art of reading between the lines of a table.
Ans:-Interpolation

p
148.y(x) = y0 + py0 +

1 2
p ( p1)( p2) 3
y 0+

p( p1)( p2)(p3) 4
2!
3!
y0
y0+
4!
p

where x=x0+ph
Which is known as ___________.

Ans:-Newtons forward difference interpolation formula.

p( p+1)
149.yn(x) = yn(xn+ ph) = yn+ pyn+

( p+2) 3
p ( p+1 ) ( p+2)( p+n1) n
yn+ ..+
yn
3!
n!
p (p+ 1) 2
yn+
2!

is known as___________.
Ans:-Newtons Backward Difference Interpolation Formula
150.y(p) = y0 + py0 +

p( p1) 2
p ( p1)( p2) 3
p( p1)( p2)(p3) 4
y1+
y-1+

2!
3!
4!

y-2 where
P=

xx 0
h

is known as _______.

Ans:-Gauss Forward Formula


151.y(p) = y0 + py-1 +

p( p+ 1) 2
p( p1)( p+ 1) 3
p( p1)( p+ 1)( p+2) 4
y 1+
y-2+
y2!
3!
4!

2
Is known as _________
Ans:-Gauss Backward Formula
152. .y(p) = y0 + p(y0+ y-1)/2+

3 ( y1 ) + 3( y2)
p( p 21) 3
p2 2
y 1+
y-2
+
2
2!
3!

p 2( p 21) 4
y-2 where
4!
P=

xx 0
h

is known as _______.

Ans:-StirlingsFormula

p ( p1 ) 2 y 1+ 2 y 0
153.yp= y 0+ y 1 + p 1 y 0+
(
)
2
2
2!
2

( )

xx 0
h

is

Known AS______

1
( p ) p ( p1 )
2
3 y-1 where P=
3!

Ans:- Bessels Formula

Unit 10 Numerical Differentiation


154.Derivatives using Newtons forward difference formula
Ans:-Y=Y0+p y 0+

p ( p1) 2
p ( p1)( p2) 3
p( p1)( p2)(p3) 4
y 0+
y0+
y0+
2!
3!
4!

..where x=xo+ph
155. Derivatives using Newtons backward difference formula
Ans:-y=yn+p yn+

p( p+1) 2
p( p+ 1)( p+2) 3
p( p+1)( p+2)( p+3) 4
yn+
yn+
yn+
2!
3!
3!

Where x=xn+ph
156.Derivatives using Sterling formula

y 0+ y 1
p2 2

Ans:-Yp=Y0+p(
+ 2!

21

( 3 y1+ 3 y-2)/2+
y-1+
3!
p

157.Derivatives using Newtons General Interpolation (or divided


difference) Formula
Ans:-f(x)=f(x0,x1)+[(X-X0)+(X-X1)]f(x0,x1,x2)+[(X-X0)(X-X1)+(X-x1)(X-X2)]+[(x-x2)
(X-X0)f(X0,X1,X2,X3)]+.
F(x)=2f(x0,x1,x2)+2[(x-x0)+(x-x1)+(x-x2)]*f(x0,x1,x2)
F(x)=2[3f(x0,x1,x2,x3)]
158.maxima and minima of f(x) can be obtained by equating the first derivative to______
Ans:-zero.
159.A________equation is an equation which involves the relationship between
independent variables.
Ans:-difference

160.Order of a difference equation is the difference between the _______and the


________arguments occurring in the difference equation divided by the unit of increment.
Ans:-largest, smallest

161.order of difference equation=

largest argumentsmallest argument


unit of increment

162.The _________of a difference equation is that in which the number of arbitrary constants is
equal to the order of the differenceequation
Ans:-general solution
163. A _________is that solution which is obtained from the general solution by giving particular
values to the constants.
Ans:-particular solution
164.A _________equation is that in which yn+1, yn+2 etc. occur to the first
degree only and are not multiplied together.
Ans:linear difference

Unit 11 Numerical Integration


165.Gaussian Quadrature formula
2

n(2 n3)
n( n2) 3 y 0
n
y 0+ y 0+
2 y 0+

2
12
24
ydx=nh
Ans:- I=
x 0+nh

x0

xn

166.

ydx = h2
x0

[(y0+yn)+2(y1+y2+y3+.+yn-1) this is known as ________ rule.

Ans:-Trapezoidal
167.Error in Trapezoidal rule:
x1

Ans:-Error=

ydx h2 [ y 0+ y 1]
x0

=y1-y0- 2 [y0+y1]

xn

168.

ydx = h3
x0

[y0+yn)+2(y2+y4+y6+.+yn-2)+4(y1+y3+y5+.+yn-1)

Is known as ____________.
Ans:-simpsons one third rule.

ydx=
169. .

3h
[ y 3+3 y 4+3 y 5+ y 6 ]
8

x3

x0

is known as ___________.

Ans:-simpsons three eightth rule.


170.Simpsons rule is very useful to _________for calculating the amount of earth that must be
moved to fill a depression or make a dam.
Ans:-civil engineers

Unit 13 Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations II


171Runge-Kutta second order method

1
Ans:- yi+1= yi+ 2 [k1+k2]
wherek1 =hf(xi,yi)

k2=hf(xi+h, yi+k1) where i=0,1,2,3,4.


172.Runge - Kutta fourth order method

Ans:-yi+1=yi+ 6 [k1+2k2+2k3+k4] where i=0,1,2,3,4


And k1=hf(xi,yi)

k1
2 )

k2
2 )

K2=hf(xi+ 2 , yi+
K3=hf(xi+ 2 , yi+
K4=hf(xi+h, yi+k3)

173.The general predictor formula

4h
3 (2yn-2-yn+2y)

Ans:-yn+1=yn-3+

174.yn+1=yn-1+ 3 [fn-1+4fn+fn+1] is known as ________.


Ans:-milnes corrector formula.

175.yn+1=yn+ 24 [55yn-50yn-1+37yn-2-9yn-3) is known as___________.


Ans:-adams predictor formula.

176. yn+1=yn+ 24 [9yn+1+19yn-5yn-1+yn-2] is known as ____________.


Ans:-adams corrector formula.

Unit:-14Boundary Value Problems


d2u
d2u
177. dx2 + dy 2 =0 is called ________.
Ans:-Two dimensional Laplace equation

d2u
d2u
178.. dx2 + dy 2 =f(x,y) is called_________.
Ans:-Two dimensional Poissons equation.

du

179. dt

= c d

u/dx2 is known as____________

Ans:-one dimensional heat equation


2
2d u
d2u
c
180.. dt 2 =
dx2

is known as _______.

Ans:-One dimensional wave equation.

You might also like