3A
3A
3A
Date: 23.04.2006
Duration: 3 HRS
General instructions:
o
o
o
o
o
Marks: 50 x 1 = 50
2.
3.
b) active power
d) none of the above
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
4.
5.
b) 1/2
b) 9 kVAr
b) 2980 RPM
b) 750 kVAr
b) (kW2+kVAr2)1/2/kW
d) kVAr/ (kW2+kVAr2)1/2
c) 1000 kVAr
A 7.5 kW, 415 V, 14.5 A, 1460 RPM, 3 phase rated induction motor with full load
efficiency of 88% draws 10.1 A and 5.1 kW of input power. The percentage loading of the
motor is about
a) 60 %
11.
The approximate size of the capacitor selected for the PF improvement and its
installation at the induction motor terminals may be equal to
a) No-load kVAr of motor
c) full load kVAr of motor
10.
c) 2943 RPM
The nearest kVAr compensation required for improving the power factor of a 1000 kW
load from 0.8 lagging power factor to unity power factor is
a) 500 kVAr
9.
8.
c) 8 kVAr
The actual speed of a 2 pole induction motor operating at 49.8 Hz and at a slip of 1.5 %
is given by
a) 2955 RPM
7.
A 10 kVAr, 415 V rated power factor capacitor was found to be having terminal supply
voltage of 370 V. The capacity of the power factor capacitor at the operating supply
voltage would be approximately
a) 10 kVAr
6.
c) 1/3
b) 70 %
c) 50%
12.
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
b) flow rate
d) system air leakages
The leak test results show load time of 10 seconds and unload time of 20 seconds in a
load-unload reciprocating compressor. If the compressor capacity is 256 cfm, then the
approximate leakage would be
a) 85 cfm
14.
b) 170 cfm
c) 256 cfm
15.
b) centrifugal compressors
d) none of the above
The flow output of which of the following changes with the discharge pressure
a) screw compressor
c) reciprocating compressor
16.
d) 128 cfm
b) centrifugal compressor
d) none of the above
17.
18.
19.
C is
b) 3516 W
c) 200 BTU/min
b) condenser
c) expansion valve
d) evaporator
A fan with 25 cm pulley diameter is driven by a 1470 rpm motor through a v-belt system.
If the motor pulley is reduced from 20 cm to 15 cm at the same motor rpm and fan pulley
diameter, the fan speed will reduce by
a) 1176 rpm
22.
c) 39.6
C to 8
In a vapour compression refrigeration system, the component where the refrigerant fluid
experiences no heat loss or gain is
a) compressor
21.
b) 80.3
20.
b) 882 rpm
c) 294 rpm
For centrifugal fans, the relation between Power (kW) and Speed (N) is given by
N1
kW1
a)
=
kW2
N2
N1
kW1
b)
=
kW2 N 2
2
N1
kW1
c)
=
3
kW2
N2
d) none of
the above
23.
The pressure flow characteristic curve of a centrifugal fan changes with the following flow
control method
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
c) outlet damper
b) 49.3%
c) 56%
26.
b) 60%
b) lower
d) none of the above
b) 16.8 kW
c) 25.2 kW
c) 40 m
b) decrease
b) 160 m3/hr
c) not change
c) 140 m3/hr
Which of the following ambient conditions will evaporate maximum amount of water in a
cooling tower
a) 40oC DBT and 37oC WBT
c) 35 oC DBT and 29 oC WBT
34.
A water pump is delivering 200 cubic metres per hour at ambient conditions. The impeller
diameter is trimmed by 10%. The water flow at the changed condition is given by
a) 180 m3/hr
33.
b) 70 m
Lowering the Cycles of Concentration (C.O.C) in circulating water in a cooling tower, the
blow down quantity will
a) increase
32.
In a pumping system the static head is 10 m and the dynamic head is 15 m. If the pump
speed is doubled, then the total head will be
a) 50 m
31.
What is the impact on flow and head when the impeller of a pump is trimmed?
a) both flow and pump head increases
c) flow decreases and pump head increases
30.
The motor efficiency is 0.9 and pump efficiency is 0.6. The power transmitted to the water
is 15.11 kW. The input power to the motor driving the pump is about
a) 28.0 kW
29.
c) 75%
28.
If inlet and outlet water temperatures of a cooling tower are 42 oC and 36oC respectively
and atmospheric DBT and WBT are 39 oC and 32 oC respectively, then the effectiveness
of cooling tower is
a) 85.7%
27.
The hydraulic power of a motor pump set is 6.9 kW. If the power drawn by the motor is
14.0 kW at a 88% efficiency, the pump efficiency is given by
a) 43.4%
25.
b) inlet damper
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
35.
The lowest theoretical temperature to which water can be cooled in a cooling tower is
a) average DBT and WBT of the atmospheric air
b) WBT of the atmospheric air
c) DBT of the atmospheric air
d) difference between DBT and WBT of the atmospheric air
36.
37.
If voltage is reduced for gas discharge lamps to its optimum value, it will result in
a) reduced power consumption
b) increased power consumption
c) increased light levels
d) no change in power consumption
38.
39.
b) HPMV
d) GLS
The ratio of luminous flux emitted by a lamp to the power consumed by the lamp is ___.
a) Illuminance
c) Luminous Efficacy
40.
c) FTL
b) Lux
d) Colour Rendering Index
41.
Typical exit flue gas temperature of a 5 MW DG set operating above 80% load is in the
range of
a) 340 to 370 deg C
c) 200 to 230 deg C
42.
In a DG set, the generator is consuming 150 litre per hour diesel oil. If the specific fuel
consumption of this DG set is 0.25 litres/ kWh at that load, then what is the kVA loading
of the set at 0.6 PF?
a) 300 kVA
43.
b) 600 kVA
c) 1000 kVA
The factors affecting Waste Heat Recovery from exhaust flue gases of DG set are:
a) DG set loading
b) Temperature of exhaust flue gases after turbo charger
c) Back pressure on the DG set
44.
The jacket cooling water in a diesel engine flows at 12.9 m 3/hr with a range of 10oC and
accounts for 30% of the engine input energy. The power output of the engine will be
a) 430 kW
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
b) 500 kW
c) 387 kW
45.
46.
b) 150-200
c) 250-300
The electronic ballast in lighting application does not have one of the following
characteristics
a) lower operational losses than conventional ballasts
b) tuned circuit to deliver power at 28-32 KHz
c) requiring a mechanical switch (starter)
d) low temperature rise
47.
48.
b) lower
c) equal
49.
50.
. End of Section I .
_______________________
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Marks: 10 x 5 = 50
Calculate the transformer total losses for a 100 kVA transformer for an average
loading of 40%. Assume no load and full load losses as 1.70 kW and 10.50 kW
respectively.
Ans:
Transformer losses =
S-2
3.38 kW
S-3
Calculate the free air delivery (FAD) capacity of a compressor in m 3/hr for the
following observed data:
Receiver capacity:
Initial pressure (with empty receiver):
Final pressure:
Initial air temperature:
Final air temperature:
Additional holdup volume:
Compressor pump up time:
Atmospheric pressure:
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
0.3 m3
0 kg/cm2 (g)
7 kg/cm2 (g)
35oC
50 oC
0.05 m3
4.1 minutes
1.026 kg/sq. cm absolute
P2 P1 V 273 t1
P0
t 273 t 2
1.026
4 .1
273 50
= 0.555 m3/min
S-4
Ans:
Power input to compressor
=
=
0.91 x 10.5
9.555 kW
Cooling effect
=
=
=
9.555 x 3.0
28.665 kW
24652 kcals/hr
=
=
24652/3024
8.15 Tonnes
S-5
Estimate the cooling tower capacity (TR) and approach with the following parameters
Water flow rate through CT
Specific heat of water
Inlet water temperature
Outlet water temperature
Ambient WBT
= 130 m3/hr
= 1 kcal/kg C
= 42 C
= 37 C
= 31 C
Ans:
Cooling tower capacity (TR)
Approach
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
= 37- 31 = 6oC
How do you calculate the velocity of air/gas in a duct using the average differential
pressure and density of the air/gas?
Ans:
Velocity V, m/s = CP x (2 x 9.81 p x )1/2
S-7
Briefly explain the benefit of installing servo stabilizer for lighting feeder
Ans:
In many plants, during the non-peaking hours, the voltage levels are on the
higher side. During this period, voltage can be optimized, without any
significant drop in the illumination level.
The servo stabilizer will provide stabilized voltage for the lighting equipment.
The performance of gears such as chokes, ballasts, will also improved due to
the stabilized voltage.
Further, servo stabilizer can maintain optimum voltage, which would help in
saving electricity.
S-8
A 180 kVA, 0.80 PF rated DG set has diesel engine rating of 220 BHP. What is the
maximum power factor which can be maintained at full load on the alternator without
overloading the DG set? (Assume alternator losses and exciter power requirement as
5.60 kW and there is no derating of DG set)
Ans:
Engine rated Power
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
= 9.5 kW x 0.91
= 8.65 kW
Pump efficiency
S-10
What are the technical aspects of energy efficient motors with respect to insulation
life, slip and starting torque?
Ans:
Lower temperatures in energy efficient motors translate to long lasting
insulation. Generally, motor life doubles for each 10C reduction in operating
temperature.
The lower the slip, the higher the efficiency. Less slippage in energy efficient
motors results in speeds about 1% faster than in standard counterparts.
Starting torque for efficient motors may be lower than for standard motors.
. End of Section - II .
Marks: 5 x 10 = 50
_______________________
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
10
The contract demand of a process plant is 5000 kVA with the electricity supply utility
company. The average monthly recorded maximum demand of the process plant is
4600 kVA at a power factor of 0.80. The utility bill analysis provides the following tariff
structure.
a)
Minimum monthly billing demand is 75% of the contract demand or the actual
recorded maximum demand whichever is higher.
b)
Ans:
Minimum payable demand = 5000 x 0.75 = 3750 kVA
Margin available for reduction of MD
Present load in kW =
3680 kW
0.9813
4600 x 0.80
Cost of power factor capacitor installation = Rs. 500 per kVAr x 2050 kVAr = 10.25
lakhs
Monthly savings due to MD reduction = 850 kVA
Yearly savings = 850 x 300 x 12 = Rs. 30.60 lakhs
Simple payback period = investment cost / yearly savings = 10.25/ 30.6 = 0.335 years = 4
months
L-2
A 7.5 kW, 415 V, 14.5 A, 4 pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase rated squirrel cage induction motor
has a full load efficiency and power factor of 89% and 0.88 respectively.
An energy auditor measures the following operating data of the motor
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Supply voltage
Current drawn
PF
Supply frequency
RPM
=
=
=
=
=
410 V
9.5 A
0.8
49.8 Hz
1480
11
Power input in kW
% motor loading
% slip
Ans:
1. Power input = 1.7321 x 0.410 x 9.5 x 0.8 = 5.397 kW
2. % motor loading = power input/ rated power input x 100 = 5.397/ (7.5/0.89)
= 5.397/ 8.4269 = 64%
3.
L-3 (a) A fan is delivering 20,000 Nm3/hr. of air at static pressure difference of 70 mm WC. If
the fan static efficiency is 55%, find out the shaft power of the fan.
(b) Explain briefly the difference between static and dynamic head of a centrifugal
pumping system.
Ans:
(a)
= 70 mmWC, St = 55% , P = ?
0.55
5.56 x 70
102 x P
Static head is simply the difference in height of the supply and destination
reservoirs and it is independent of flow.
Dynamic head is the friction loss, on the liquid being moved, in pipes, valves
and equipment in the system. The friction losses are proportional to the square
of the flow rate.
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
12
L-4
Ans:
Install manometers across the filter and monitor the pressure drop as a
guide to replacement of element.
Consider the use of regenerative air dryers, which uses the heat of
compressed air to remove moisture.
Compressor free air delivery test (FAD) must be done periodically to check
the present operating capacity against its design capacity and corrective
steps must be taken if required.
The possibility of heat recovery from hot compressed air to generate hot air
or water for process application must be economically analyzed in case of
large compressors.
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
13
Provide extra air receivers at points of high cyclic-air demand which permits
operation without extra compressor capacity.
Retrofit with variable speed drives in big compressors, say over 100 kW, to
eliminate the `unloaded running condition altogether.
Keep the minimum possible range between load and unload pressure
settings.
Automatic timer controlled drain traps wastes compressed air every time the
valve opens. So frequency of drainage should be optimized.
Misuse of compressed air such as for body cleaning, agitation, general floor
cleaning, and other similar applications must be discouraged in order to
save compressed air and energy.
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
14
L-5
Pneumatic tools such as drill and grinders consume about 20 times more
energy than motor driven tools. Hence they have to be used efficiently.
Wherever possible, they should be replaced with electrically operated tools.
On account of high pressure drop, ball or plug or gate valves are preferable
over globe valves in compressed air lines.
Ans:
Routine energy efficiency assessment of DG sets on shopfloor involves following
typical steps:
1) Ensure reliability of all instruments used for trial.
2) Collect technical literature, characteristics, and specifications of the plant.
3) Conduct a 2 hour trial on the DG set, ensuring a steady load, wherein the following
measurements are logged at 15 minutes intervals.
a) Fuel consumption (by dip level or by flow metre)
b) Amps, volts, PF, kW, kWh
c) Intake air temperature, Relative Humidity (RH)
d) Intake cooling water temperature
e) Cylinder-wise exhaust temperature (as an indication of engine loading)
f) Turbocharger RPM (as an indication of loading on engine)
g) Charge air pressure (as an indication of engine loading)
h) Cooling water temperature before and after charge air cooler (as an indication
of cooler performance)
i)
15
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
16