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Trafo Testing Summ

The document lists various types of tests conducted on transformers, including: 1. Routine tests such as measurement of winding resistance, voltage ratio, vector grouping, impedance, no-load and load losses, insulation resistance, and dielectric tests. 2. Type tests which include temperature rise tests, tests on on-load tap changers, vacuum and pressure tests, and tests on the transformer tank, insulating oil and bushings. 3. Special tests like short-circuit tests, measurement of acoustic noise and harmonic levels, power consumption of fans and pumps, and partial discharge measurements. The tests are conducted to evaluate parameters, detect any faults, and ensure transformers meet design specifications and standards before and during

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Subhransu Mohapatra
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123 views16 pages

Trafo Testing Summ

The document lists various types of tests conducted on transformers, including: 1. Routine tests such as measurement of winding resistance, voltage ratio, vector grouping, impedance, no-load and load losses, insulation resistance, and dielectric tests. 2. Type tests which include temperature rise tests, tests on on-load tap changers, vacuum and pressure tests, and tests on the transformer tank, insulating oil and bushings. 3. Special tests like short-circuit tests, measurement of acoustic noise and harmonic levels, power consumption of fans and pumps, and partial discharge measurements. The tests are conducted to evaluate parameters, detect any faults, and ensure transformers meet design specifications and standards before and during

Uploaded by

Subhransu Mohapatra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sl

Type of Test

Test Name

Measurement of winding resistance


;
1

Type test Routine Tests

Measurement of voltage ratio and


Type test Routine Tests check of voltage vector relationship;

Vector group test

2a

Measurement of impedance
voltage/short-circuit impedance
Type test Routine Tests (principal tapping) and load loss

Measurement of no-load loss and


Type test Routine Tests current

Measurement of insulation
Type test Routine Tests resistance;

Type test Routine Tests Dielectric tests; (Tan delta tests)


Electric strength of Transformer oil

Resistivity of Transformer oil

Tan delta of Transformer oil


Moisture Content of Transformer
oil

7
8
9
10
11

Acidity test of Transformer oil


Temperature - rise;
Type test
Tests on on-load tap changers,
Type test Routine Tests wherever appropriate.
Type test
Type test
Type test

Special Test
Special Test
Special Test
Special Test
Special Test
Special Test

Vacuum Tests
Pressure Test
Relief Device
Routine Tests Magnetic Circuit Test
Routine Tests Oil Leakage Test on Transformer Tank
Measurement of zero-sequence impedance of three-phase transformers;
Short-Circuit test;
Measurement of accoustic noise level;
Measurement of the harmonics of the no-load current;
Measurement of the power taken by the fans and oil pumps; and
Partial discharge measurement of condenser bushings.
Break down voltage
Water content

Acidity
Gas Analysis
IR value of bushing
11. Capacitance and tan delta of bushing
Sludge content
Gas analysis
Water content
Neutralisation value
Interfacial surface tension
Dielectric strength Dielectric strength
Moisture content

Why used

At Factory
1.Calculation of the I2R losses in
transformer.
2. Calculation of winding
temperature at the end of temperature
rise test of transformer.
3. As a benchmark for assessing
possible damages in the field.

It is done at site in order to 1. check for


abnormalities due to loose
connections, 2. broken strands of
conductor, 3. high contact resistance in
tap changers, 4. high voltage leads and
bushings.
Measurement is made to check
transformer windings and terminal
connections and also both to use as
reference for future measurements
and to calculate the load loss values at
reference (e.g. 75C) temperature.
On site, this measurement is
performed to evaluate possible
winding damage, such as short circuits
between windings or between turns,
open circuits , contact problems and
to assess the condition of the tap
changer .
The turns ratio test is an AC low
voltage test which determines the
ratio of the high voltage winding to all
other windings at no-load. The turns
ratio test is performed on all taps of
every winding.

What is measused

Shorted turns or open circuits in the


windings.
Incorrect winding connections ,and
other internal faults or defects in tap
changer

The vector group of transformer is an


essential property for successful
parallel operation of transformers.
The phase sequence or the order in
which the phases reach their
maximum positive voltages, must be
identical for two paralleled
transformers. Otherwise, during the
cycle, each pair of phases will be
short circuited.

The measurement is carried out to


determine the load-losses of the
transformer and the impedanse
voltage at rated frequency and rated
current.
Therefore it is seen that the open
circuit test on transformer is used to
determine core losses in transformer
and parameters of shunt branch of the
equivalent circuit of transformer.

nsulation resistance tests are made to


determine insulation resistance from
individual windings to ground or
between individual windings. Insulation
resistance tests are commonly
measured directly in megohms or may
be calculated from measurements of
applied voltage and leakage current.
Insulation resistance test of
transformer is essential to ensure the
healthiness of overall insulation of an
electrical power transformer.

Transformer Tank

former Tank
quence impedance of three-phase transformers;

c noise level;
monics of the no-load current;
er taken by the fans and oil pumps; and
ment of condenser bushings.

delta of bushing
Insulating Oil
Insulating Oil
Insulating Oil
Insulating Oil
Insulating Oil
Insulating Oil
Insulating Oil

How

What is standard value

1. For star connected winding, the resistance shall be measured


between the line and neutral terminal.
2. For delta
connected windings, measurement of winding resistance shall
be done between pairs of line terminals. As in delta connection
the resistance of individual winding can not be measured
separately, the resistance per winding shall be calculated as per
the following formula:
Resistance per winding = 1.5 x Measured value
DC Resistance Should be <=2% Factory Test or
The resistance is measured at ambient temperature and then
converted to resistance at 75 C for all practical purposes of
comparison with specified design values, previous results and
diagnostics. Winding Resistance at standard temperature of 75
C R75= Rt( 235+75)/(235+t)
Rt = Winding resistance at temperature t. t = Winding
temperature.

Test Current <10% Rated Current

he measurements are made separetely for each winding pair


(e.g., the pairs 1-2, 1-3 and 2-3 for a three-winding transformer),
and furthermore on the principal and extreme tappings

Not Less than 200 M

What equipment used

What action on violation

Resistance Bridge. The


resistance can be
measured by simple
voltmeter ammeter
method, Kelvin Bridge
meter or automatic
winding resistance
measurement kit. (ohm
meter, preferably 25
Amps kit)

Frequency

what standard used

IS 2026

Winding resistance
measurement is one of
several methods of
transformer diagnostics
offered by the
multifunctional CPC
100 .

Ratiometer. Transformer
Turns Ratio tester (TTR)
is device used to
Range of measured ratio
measure the turns ratio shall be equal to the
between the windings
calculated ratio 0.5%.

IS 2026

Turns Ratio meter (TTR)


to energies the
transformer from a lowvoltage supply and
measure the HV and LV
voltages.
Wheatstone Bridge
Circuit
IS: 2026 (Part 1V)1977 gives 26 sets of
connections star-star,
star-delta, and star
zigzag, delta-delta,
delta star, deltazigzag, zigzag star,
zigzag-delta

Phase displacement is
identical to approved
arrangement and
transformers nameplate.

Resistance Bridge

IS 2026

LT System: 500V /
1000V Megger. & MV /
HV System: 2500V /
5000V Megger

Electric Strength
Testing Equipment
1) Resistivity cell
2) Megohm - meter
3) Hot Chamber
1) Schering Bridge
2) Resistivity cell
3) Hot Chamber
Karl Fisher Apparatus
Accessories for acidity
test of
Transformer
oil

IS 6729 IEC std. 60

IS 6103 IEC std. 247

IS 6262
IS 2362

IS 335

Micro Gas Analyser


Megger
Schering Bridge
3M
3M
3M
3M
3M
3M
3M

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